| Yan Gamarnik | |
| Office: | First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia |
| Term Start: | 4 December 1928 |
| Term End: | 3 January 1930 |
| Predecessor: | Vilgelm Knorinsh |
| Successor: | Konstantin Gey |
| Office1: | First Secretary of the Kyiv Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Bolsheviks) |
| Term Start1: | 25 April 1921 |
| Term End1: | July 1923 |
| Predecessor1: | Post established |
| Successor1: | Hryhoriy Hrynko |
| Office2: | Head of the Political Directorate of the Red Workers' and Peasants' Army |
| President2: | Kliment Voroshilov |
| Term Start2: | 1 October 1929 |
| Term End2: | 31 May 1937 |
| Predecessor2: | Andrei Bubnov |
| Successor2: | Pyotr Smirnov |
| Office3: | Full member of the 15th, 16th Orgburo |
| Term Start3: | 17 November 1929 |
| Term End3: | 10 February 1934 |
| Birth Place: | Zhytomyr, Volhynian Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Birthname: | Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik |
| Nationality: | Soviet |
| Party: | Russian Communist Party (1917–1937) |
| Children: | Viktoria Kochneva |
| Alma Mater: | St Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute |
| Allegiance: | Soviet Union |
| Branch: | Army |
| Serviceyears: | 1919–1937 |
| Rank: | Army Commissar of 1st rank |
| Unit: | 58th Rifle Division |
| Commands: | Army Political Administration (1929–37) |
| Awards: | Order of the Red Banner (1928) Order of Lenin (1933) |
| Signature: | Yan Gamarnik Signature 1920.png |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
Yan Gamarnik (birth name Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik (Russian: Я́ков Цу́дикович Гама́рник)), sometimes known as Yakov Gamarnik (Russian: Я́ков Гама́рник; – 31 May 1937), was the Chief of the Political Department of the Red Army from 1930 to 1937, Deputy Commissar of Defense 1930—1934 and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia 1928–1930.
Gamarnik was born in Zhytomyr in a Jewish family as Jakov Tzudikovich Gamarnik. He attended the St Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute and the Law School of Kyiv University. In 1917 he became a member and the secretary of the Kyiv Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From 1921 to 1923 Gamarnik was a chairman of the Kyiv city council (see Mayor of Kyiv). During his administration, Kyiv was divided into five districts. He went through many Communist Party positions, both civil and military, e.g. a First Secretary of the Belarusian Communist Party of Belorussia from December 1928 to October 1929.[1]
He was instrumental in preparing the 10-year development plan for the Far-Eastern region of the USSR. He was a member of the Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). He attended the Plenum of 23 February 1937.
An idealist, Gamarnik was a staunch supporter of Marshal Tukhachevsky's drive to make USSR a military superpower. In 1937 Gamarnik was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet conspiracy after the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization; however, shortly before the trial, he had actually been called upon by the Soviet government to be one of the judges for the accused. He insisted on Tukhachevsky's innocence and was soon killed by Stalin's men.[2] Only after this was he added to the list of conspirators. He was rehabilitated posthumously by the CC CPSU and Nikita Khrushchev in 1955.
Gamarnik's sister, Klaudia (born 1905) left school at 14, joined Komsomol in Kyiv in 1921, joined the communist party in 1927, and was working in the prosecutor's office in Moscow when she was expelled from the party on 13 June 1937, arrested on 13 August, and sentenced to eight years in labour camps.[3] Her husband, Andrei Bogomolov, (1902–38), a secretary of the Moscow party committee, was arrested on 17 August 1937, sentenced to death on 25 April 1938, and shot the same day.[4] They had two children, who were aged eight and two in 1937. In 1953, she appealed to have her criminal record removed, but the appeal was turned down on the grounds that she had consorted with 'enemies of the people', including her husband.