Jan Bicker Explained

Jan Gerritsz Bicker
Birth Date:1591
Death Date:1653
Office:Schepen of Amsterdam
Term Start:1647 and
Term End:in 1651
Office1:Burgemeester of Amsterdam
Term Start1:1653
Term End1:1653
Party:Dutch States Party

Jan Gerritsz. Bicker (August 1591–May 1653) was a general contractor, shipping magnate, mayor (burgomaster) and a member of the Bicker family, influential regenten from Amsterdam.

De Bickers were part of the staatsgezinde partij (the republican party) and opponents of the stadtholders, who belonged to the House of Orange-Nassau. Jan Bickers son-in-law, the influential Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt practically controlled the Republic during the First Stadtholderless Period in 1650–1672.

Biography

Jan (or Joan or Jean) Bicker was a son of Gerrit Bicker and Aleyd Andriesdr Boelens Loen. Jan's oldest brother Andries Bicker ruled the city administration for many years and was supported in his (foreign) policy by his brothers Jacob, director in the VOC and Cornelis Bicker, director in the WIC. Jan Bicker was married to Agneta de Graeff van Polsbroek,[1] a sister of the burgomasters and statesmen Cornelis and Andries de Graeff. Five daughters were born from this marriage:[2] [3]

Career

In 1625 he became director of the Levantine trade. At some time Jan Bicker became the city's inspector of the ropes. Together with his brothers, he exerted a great influence on the economic climate in Holland. The Bicker family was Calvinist and focused on Amsterdam's economic boom.

From 1628 Jan Bicker lived at Keizersgracht 221 and invested specifically at Bickerseiland which he bought from the city in January 1631.[10] Within twelve years he had ship wharfs, (ware)houses and a tower built so he could watch his project. In 1634 he invested in Cayenne as patroon.[11] Around 1638 he and Abraham Boom supplied ships of war to France, ordered by Cardinal Richelieu.[12] From the late 1630s they came into opposition to the stadtholders.

In 1647 and 1651 Jan was elected schepen in the city council.[1] Jan Bicker was given the position of burgemeester in February 1653, but did not keep it for long due his death on 9 May; he was buried in Westerkerk. With a fortune of 717,000 guilders,[1] Bicker was one of the richest people of the Golden Age.[13] He owned various country estates outside Amsterdam: Akerendam near Beverwijk, as well as De Eult[14] and Hooge Vuursche in Baarn.[15]

Bicker Family

The Bicker family was one of the oldest families of Amsterdam and belonged to the leading regent-oligarchy. They were a major trading family involved in the VOC and WIC. The Bickers were the most powerful family in Amsterdam and decisively determined the fortunes of the city.[16] [17] The Bicker-De Graeff family-faction became the strongest competitor in the years after the Dutch uprising. Through their work on the Amsterdam City Council, the Dutch East India and West India Company, the schutterij and the Wisselbank, the Bickers gained enormous influence on politico-economic self-determination in the Dutch Republic.[18] The Bicker brothers had a firm grip on world trade, trading on the East- and the West-Indies, the Baltic and the Mediterranean.

References

  1. http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/elias/#page=363&accessor=accessor_index&source=1&accessor_href=accessor_index%2Findex_html%3FSearchSource%253Autf-8%253Austring%3DDe%2520Graeff%2520&size=605&view=imagePane Johan Engelbert Elias, De Vroedschap van Amsterdam, 1578-1795, Deel 1, p 174
  2. https://theracoppens.nl/artikelen/223-de-gouden-eeuw-van-soestdijk.html De Gouden Eeuw van Soestdijk, by Thera Coppens
  3. [Johan Engelbert Elias]
  4. Klein, P.W. (1965) De Trippen in de 17e eeuw, p. 181
  5. http://www.hugovandermolen.nl/scripophily/textsVVOF-periodiek/Het%20Handelshuis%20Deutz.pdf Het Handelshuis Deutz
  6. Panhuysen, L. (2005) De Ware Vrijheid, De levens van Johan en Cornelis de Witt. pp. 181–183.
  7. https://books.google.com/books?id=e4VZAAAAcAAJ&dq=agneta+de+graeff+van+polsbroek&pg=PA173 "De werken van J. van den Vondel", book 17, p 173 (1888)
  8. Evenhuis, R.B. (1965) Ook dat was Amsterdam, deel II, p. 135
  9. https://books.google.com/books?id=iCUGEAAAQBAJ&dq=agneta+de+graeff+van+polsbroek+pieter+de+graeff&pg=PT366 "De 500 Rijksten van de Republiek: Rijkdom, geloof, macht en cultuur", by Kees Zandvliet (2020)
  10. J.G. van Dillen (1929) Bronnen tot de geschiedenis van het bedrijfsleven en het gildewezen van Amsterdam, deel II p. 744.
  11. J.G. van Dillen, Van Rijkdom en Regenten, p. 166
  12. https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/persons?ss=%7B%22q%22:%22%5C%22Jean%20Bicker%5C%22%22%7D&sort=%7B%22order_i_datum%22:%22asc%22%7D Amsterdam City Archive
  13. Book: Rowen, Herbert H.. John de Witt: Statesman of the "True Freedom". November 13, 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-52708-8. 48–.
  14. http://www.kasteleninutrecht.nl/DeEult.htm De Eult at Kastelen in Utrecht
  15. at Kastelen in Nederland
  16. https://books.google.com/books?id=N1lZEAAAQBAJ&q=Andries+BickerNiederl%C3%A4ndische Seefahrer in schwedischen Diensten: Seeschifffahrt und Technologietransfer im 17. Jahrhundert, by Hielke van Nieuwenhuize, p 232 (2022)
  17. https://books.google.com/books?id=s257EAAAQBAJ&q=Andries+Bicker Geschichte der Niederlande: Von der Seemacht zum Trendland, by Christoph Driessen (2022)
  18. https://books.google.com/books?id=e-qd05sHxVsC&q=Andries+BickerThe Familial State: Ruling Families and Merchant Capitalism in Early Modern Europe, by Julia Adams, p 99 (2005)

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