| Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly | |
| Coa Pic: | Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly emblem.png |
| Coa Res: | 300px |
| Foundation: | 1957 by Monarchy Commission, Presidential Commission. |
| Preceded By: | Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly |
| House Type: | Unicameral |
| Term Limits: | 5 years |
| Leader2 Type: | Speaker |
| Established: | Presidential Commission / Monarchy Commission |
| Leader2: | Abdul Rahim Rather |
| Party2: | JKNC |
| Election2: | 4 November 2024 |
| Leader3 Type: | Deputy Speaker |
| Leader4 Type: | Leader of the House (Chief Minister) |
| Leader4: | Omar Abdullah |
| Party4: | JKNC |
| Election4: | 16 October 2024 |
| Leader5 Type: | Deputy Leader of the House (Deputy Chief Minister) |
| Party5: | JKNC |
| Election5: | 16 October 2024 |
| Leader6 Type: | Leader of the Opposition |
| Leader6: | Sunil Kumar Sharma |
| Party6: | BJP |
| Election6: | 3 November 2024 |
| Leader1 Type: | Lieutenant Governor |
| Leader1: | Manoj Sinha |
| Election1: | 7 August 2020 |
| Members: | 119 (90 seats + 24 seats reserved for Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir) + 5 Nominated by LG |
| Structure1 Res: | 300px |
| Political Groups1: | Government (55) INDIA (55)
Opposition (33)
Nominated (5) NOM (5)Vacant (2) Vacant (2) |
| Voting System1: | First past the post |
| Last Election1: | 18 September 2024 to 1 October 2024 |
| Next Election1: | September/October 2029 |
| Session Room: | The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar addressing the Conference of Presiding Officers of Legislative Bodies in India, at Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir on June 20, 2010.jpg |
| Session Res: | 250px |
| Meeting Place: | Legislative Assembly, Srinagar (Summer session) |
| Session Res2: | 250px |
| Meeting Place2: | Legislative Assembly, Jammu (Winter session) |
| Legislature: | 13th Jammu and Kashmir Assembly |
The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha, is the legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
Prior to 2019, the State of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature with a legislative assembly (lower house) and a legislative council (upper house). The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, passed by the Parliament of India in August 2019, replaced this with a unicameral legislature while also re-organising the state into a union territory. The 12th assembly was dissolved by the Governor on 21 November 2018.[5] The 13th assembly was elected in September and October 2024.
The first legislature of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, called the Praja Sabha, was established by the government of the Maharaja Hari Singh in 1934.[6] It had 33 elected seats, 30 nominated members and 12 ex-officio members.
The first election in 1934 saw the Liberal Group headed by Pandit Ram Chander Dubey emerge as the largest party and the Muslim Conference as the second largest (with 14 seats). Further elections were held in 1938 and 1947.
In 1939, the Muslim Conference party renamed itself to National Conference under the leadership of Sheikh Abdullah and opened its membership to people of all religions. It launched a Quit Kashmir movement in 1946 and boycotted the 1947 election.
After the accession of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India in 1947, the Maharaja ceded powers to a popular government headed by Sheikh Abdullah. Elections for a constituent assembly were held in 1951, in which Abdullah's National Conference won all 75 seats.
In 1957, a new constitution was adopted by the constituent assembly, which established a bicameral legislature consisting of an upper house, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council and a lower house, the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly.[7] Wali Mohammad Itoo of the National Conference was speaker of the assembly between 7 July 1983 and 31 July 1984.[8]
In 2019, Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which gave special status to Jammu and Kashmir, was abrogated[9] and Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed to reconstitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir into union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh with effect from 31 October 2019.[10] The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir has a unicameral Legislative Assembly. The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council was formally abolished on 31 October 2019.[11] [12]
In March 2020, a three-member Delimitation Commission was formed, chaired by retired Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, for the delimitation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.[13] The commission published its interim report in February 2022.[14] The final delimitation report was released on 5 May 2022[15] and it came into force from 20 May 2022.[16]
The Legislative Assembly was initially composed of 100 members, later increased to 111 by the then Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir (Twentieth Amendment) Act of 1988. Of these, 24 seats were designated for the territorial constituencies of the state that came under Pakistani control in 1947. These seats remained officially vacant as per section 48 of the then state constitution and now also in The Constitution of India. These seats were not taken into account for reckoning the total membership of the assembly, especially for deciding quorum and voting majorities for legislation and government formation. Hence the total contestable and filled seats of the assembly were 87 seats. The Kashmir valley region had 46 seats, the Jammu region had 37 seats, and Ladakh region had 4 seats.
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed to reconstitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir into union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. In March 2020, Delimitation Commission was formed for the delimitation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir prior to the next Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election. The delimitation report added additional 6 seats to the Jammu division and 1 seat to Kashmir division. After delimitation, the total seats in the assembly rose to 114 seats, out of which 24 seats are designated for areas that fall under Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Out of the remaining 90 seats, 43 seats are in Jammu division and 47 seats are in the Kashmir division. With this, hindu majority Jammu with a population of 53 lakh (43% of the total population of 1.22 crore) will have 47% seats, while muslim majority Kashmir which has a population of 68 lakh (56%) will have 52% of the seats.[15]
The parliament passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill 2023 which provides for reservation of 7 seats for the Scheduled Castes and 9 seats for the Scheduled Tribes.[17] [18]
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 provides for nomination of 2 members to the Legislative Assembly by the Lieutenant Governor if women are not adequately represented in the house.[19] Following amendment to the Act in 2023, the Lieutenant Governor may also nominate two representatives of Kashmiri migrant families (one seat reserved for woman) and one member to represent the migrants from Pakistan occupied Kashmir (POK).[20]
Members of the Legislative Assembly were elected for a six-year term up to 2019 and five-year term thereafter. The seats are filled by direct election from single member constituencies using the first past the post method. The assembly may be dissolved before the completion of the full term by the Lieutenant Governor upon the advice of the Chief Minister. The Lieutenant Governor may also convene special sessions of the legislative assembly.
See also: 2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election. The membership of the 13th Jammu and Kashmir Assembly by party is as follows:
| Party | MLAs | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41[21] | Omar Abdullah | ||
| 28 | Sunil Kumar Sharma | ||
| 6 | Ghulam Ahmad Mir | ||
| 3 | Waheed Para | ||
| 1 | Sajjad Gani Lone | ||
| 1 | Mohammed Yousuf Tarigami | ||
| 1 | Mehraj Malik | ||
| 7 | |||
| 5 | |||
| 2 | |||
| Total | 95 | ||
Source:[22]
| Office | Holder | Since | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speaker | Abdul Rahim Rather | 4 November 2024 | |
| Leader of the House (Chief Minister) | Omar Abdullah[23] | 16 October 2024 | |
| Deputy Leader of the House (Deputy Chief Minister) | Surinder Kumar Choudhary | 16 October 2024 | |
| Leader of the Opposition | Sunil Kumar Sharma | 3 November 2024 | |
| Secretary | Manoj Kumar Pandit[24] | 31 October 2022 |