| James Winchester | |
| Office: | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland |
| Term Start: | October 31, 1799 |
| Term End: | April 5, 1806 |
| Appointer: | John Adams |
| Predecessor: | William Paca |
| Successor: | James Houston |
| Birth Name: | James Winchester |
| Birth Date: | 13 September 1772 |
| Birth Place: | Shawan, Province of Maryland, British America |
| Death Place: | Shawan, Maryland |
James Winchester (September 13, 1772 – April 5, 1806) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland.
Born on September 13, 1772, in Shawan,[1] Province of Maryland, British America, Winchester was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1794 to 1796.
Winchester received a recess appointment from President John Adams on October 31, 1799, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Maryland vacated by Judge William Paca. He was nominated to the same position by President Adams on December 5, 1799. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 10, 1799, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 5, 1806, due to his death in Shawan, Maryland.