James Wilder Orr Explained

James Wilder Orr
Birth Place:	Huntington, New York
Nationality:	American
Fields:	fisheries biology, ichthyology
Workplaces:	Alaska Fisheries Science Center, University of Washington, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
Alma Mater:	Wheaton College (BS), Auburn University (MS), University of Washington (PhD)
Academic Advisors:	John S. Ramsey, Theodore W. Pietsch
Awards:	NOAA Distinguished Career Award

James Wilder Orr (born Huntington, New York, July 19, 1958) is an American fisheries biologist, ichthyologist, and systematist best known for his studies of skates, rockfishes, snailfishes, and flatfishes. He has described 32 new species and two new genera of fishes, and is the author or co-author of more than 130 scientific and popular articles, including three books. His work has focused primarily on the phylogenetic relationships, zoogeography, reproductive biology, and behavior of marine teleosts, particularly deep-water benthic taxa. He has spent most of his career at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), in Seattle, as a Research Fisheries Biologist. At the same time, he has served as an Affiliate Professor at the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, and Affiliate Curator of Fishes at the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle. For his lifetime of service, Orr was presented with a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Distinguished Career Award in 2022.

Education

Orr graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School, Huntsville, Alabama (1976), followed by a B.S. in biology at Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois (1980); a M.S. in Fisheries Management at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama (1987); and a Ph.D. in Fisheries at the University of Washington, Seattle (1995).

Academic contributions

Orr's work as a Research Fisheries Biologist for the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, has focused primarily on the marine biodiversity of the North Pacific Ocean especially the Bering and Chukchi seas and waters off southeast Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.^{[1] [2]} From 1995 to 2013, he participated in NMFS Groundfish surveys, often as Chief Scientist, on the West Coast shelf and slope, Gulf of Alaska shelf, Aleutian Islands, and Bering and Chukchi seas. New taxa discovered and described by Orr (32 species and two genera) reside mostly in the family Liparidae, but also in the families Rajidae, Solenostomidae, Scorpaenidae, Cottidae, Zoarcidae, Ammodytidae, Pleuronectidae, and Oneirodidae.^{[3] [4]} He is widely recognized as an expert on the evolutionary history, distribution, ecology, and behavior of North Pacific fishes in general, but especially the highly species-rich and economically important families Rajidae, Cottidae, Scorpaenidae, and Pleuronectidae.^{[5] [6]}

Perhaps his most significant contributions lie in broad-based generic revisions of various taxa, incorporating morphology as well as molecular and early life-history characters;^{[7] [8] [9]} his Field Guide to Sharks, Skates, and Ratfish of Alaska;^[10] "Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distribution analysis;"^{[11] [12]} Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska;^[13] and co-author of the three-volume Fishes of the Salish Sea: Puget Sound and the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca published by the University of Washington Press in 2019.^{[14] [15] [16] [17]} Of great interest also is his study of "Reproductive parasitism between distant phyla: molecular identification of snailfish (Liparidae) egg masses in the gill cavities of king crabs (Lithodidae)" published in 2016.^[18]

Orr has also served as Managing Editor of NOAA Technical Reports and NOAA Professional Papers, and as Scientific Editor of Fishery Bulletin. As a Life Member of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, he has served as Index Editor of the Society's journal Ichthyology & Herpetology (formerly Copeia) continuously since 1994. Orr retired at the end of December 2020.

Taxa named in his honor include a new genus and species, Orrichthys longimanus† Carnevale and Pietsch, 2010 (Teleostei: Brachionichthyidae);^{[19] [20]} a new species of snailfish, Careproctus orri Kai and Tashiro, 2021 (Teleostei: Liparidae);^[21] and a new species of sponge, Stelodoryx jamesorri Lehnert and Stone, 2020 (Porifera: Poecilosclerida).^[22]

Selected bibliography

• 1993. Orr, J. W., and R. A. Fritzsche. Revision of the ghost pipefishes, family Solenostomidae (Teleostei: Syngnathoidei).  Copeia, 1993 (1): 168–182.
• 1998. Orr, J. W., M. A. Brown, and D. C. Baker. Guide to rockfishes (Scorpaenidae) of the genera Sebastes, Sebastolobus, and Adelosebastes of the northeast Pacific Ocean. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-95, 46 pp.
• 2000. Orr, J. W., and A. C. Matarese. Revision of the genus Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on larval and adult morphology, with a description of a new species from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. Fishery Bulletin, 98 (3): 539–582.
• 2001. Orr, J. W., and M. S. Busby. Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis, a new genus and species of the fish family Liparidae (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114 (1): 51–57.
• 2002. Orr, J. W., R. A. Fritzsche, and J. E. Randall. Solenostomus halimeda, a new species of ghost pipefish (Teleostei: Gasterosteiformes) from the Indo Pacific, with a revised key to known species of the family Solenostomidae. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 5 (3): 99–108.
• 2004. Orr, J. W. Lopholiparis flerxi, a new genus and species of snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Copeia, 2004 (3): 551–555.
• 2004. Orr, J. W., and J. E. Blackburn. The dusky rockfishes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes) of the North Pacific Ocean: resurrection of Sebastes variabilis (Pallas, 1814) and a redescription of Sebastes ciliatus (Tilesius, 1813). Fishery Bulletin, 102 (2): 328–348.
• 2006. Orr, J. W., and M. S. Busby. Revision of the snailfish genus Allocareproctus Pitruk and Fedorov (Teleostei: Liparidae), with description of four new species from the Aleutian Islands. Zootaxa, 1173 :1–37.
• 2007. Orr, J. W., and K. P. Maslenikov. Two new variegated snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Copeia, 2007 (3): 699–710.
• 2007. Stevenson, D. E., J. W. Orr, G. R. Hoff, and J. D. McEachran. A field guide to sharks, skates, and ratfish of Alaska. Alaska Sea Grant, Fairbanks, 77 pp.
• 2008. Orr, J. W., and S. Hawkins. Species of the rougheye rockfish complex: resurrection of Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934) and a redescription of Sebastes aleutianus (Jordan and Evermann, 1898) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes). Fishery Bulletin, 106 (2): 111–134.
• 2011. Orr, J. W., D. E. Stevenson, G. R. Hoff, I. Spies, and J. D. McEachran. Bathyraja panthera, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus Arctoraja Ishiyama. NOAA Professional Papers, NMFS 11.
• 2012. Orr, J. W. Two new species of Careproctus (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean, with a redescription of Careproctus ovigerus. Copeia, 2012 (2): 257–265.
• 2013. Orr, J. W., D. T. Drumm, R. J. Van Syoc, K. P. Maslenikov, T. W. Pietsch, D. E. Stevenson, and R. R. Lauth. An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska, and an evaluation of identification confidence in RACE groundfish surveys. North Pacific Research Board Final Report, 1016, 1090 pp.
• 2015. Orr, J. W., S. Wildes, Y. Kai, N. Raring, T. Nakabo, O. Katugin, and J. Guyon. Systematics of sand lances of the genus Ammodytes in the North Pacific based on molecular and morphological evidence, with the description of a new species from Japan. Fishery Bulletin, 113 (1): 129–156.
• 2015. Orr, J. W., Y. Kai, and T. Nakabo. Snailfishes of the Careproctus rastrinus complex (Liparidae): redescriptions of seven species in the North Pacific Ocean region, with the description of a new species from the Beaufort Sea. Zootaxa, 4018 (3): 301–348.
• 2019. Pietsch, T. W., and J. W. Orr. Fishes of the Salish Sea: Puget Sound and the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca, illustrated by Joseph R. Tomelleri. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 3 vols., 1,048 pp., 155 color pls.[21][22]
• 2019. Orr, J. W., I. B. Spies, D. E. Stevenson, G. C. Longo, Y. Kai, S. Ghods, and M. Hollowed. Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottiformes: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters. Zootaxa, 4642:1–79.
• 2023. Gardner, J., J. W. Orr, and L. Tornabene. Two new species of snailfishes (Cottiformes: Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and a redescription of the closely related Careproctus candidus. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 111 (1): 54–71.

References

1. Web site: May 13, 2019 . Feature Story: Meet NOAA Fisheries Biologist Jay Orr. He's made some remarkable discoveries in the deep waters off Alaska . July 7, 2023 . NOAA Fisheries.
2. Web site: Sabri . Roya . July 13, 2016 . Happy accidents: Fisheries researchers net more than they bargain for. Federal biologists meticulously scour the ocean for commercially viable fish. Sometimes, they stumble across truly rare finds . July 7, 2023 . The Christian Science Monitor.
3. Web site: Joling . Dan . July 13, 2016 . Scientists surveying ocean floor turn up new fish off Alaska: Biologists discover 14 new kinds of snailfish while trawling off the Aleutian Islands . July 7, 2023 . Science News.
4. Web site: August 1, 2019 . Feature Story: Rare deep-dwelling skates discovered in Alaska and British Columbia . July 7, 2023 . NOAA Fisheries.
5. Orr . J.W. . Stevenson . D.E. . with others . 2011 . Bathyraja panthera, a new species of skate (Rajidae: Arhynchobatinae) from the western Aleutian Islands, and resurrection of the subgenus Arctoraja Ishiyama . NOAA Professional Papers NMFS . 11 . 1–50.
6. Orr . J.W. . Kolora . S.R. . with others . 2021 . Origins and evolution of extreme life span in Pacific Ocean rockfishes . Science . 374 . 842–847.
7. Orr . J.W. . Fritzsche . R.A. . 1993 . Revision of the ghost pipefishes, family Solenostomidae (Teleostei: Syngnathoidei) . Copeia . 1993 . 1 . 168–182.
8. Orr . J.W. . Matarese . A.C. . 2000 . Revision of the genus Lepidopsetta Gill, 1862 (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on larval and adult morphology, with a description of a new species from the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea . Fishery Bulletin . 98 . 3 . 539–582.
9. Orr . J.W. . Busby . M.S. . 2006 . Revision of the snailfish genus Allocareproctus Pitruk and Fedorov (Teleostei: Liparidae), with the description of four new species from the Aleutian Islands . Zootaxa . 1173 . 1–37.
10. Book: Orr, J.W. . Field Guide to Sharks, Skates, and Ratfish of Alaska . Stevenson . D.E. . with others . Alaska Sea Grant . 2007 . Fairbanks . 77.
11. Web site: Doughton . D. . November 16, 2015 . Study adds 37 species to Salish Sea’s fish list, bringing total to 253 . July 7, 2023 . The Seattle Times.
12. Web site: September 30, 2015 . NOAA report creates an updated and comprehensive list of the fishes of the Salish Sea . July 7, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Puget Sound.
13. Orr . J.W. . Drumm . D.T. . with others . 2016 . An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska, and an evaluation of identification confidence in RACE groundfish surveys . NOAA Professional Paper NMFS . 19 . 1–289.
14. Web site: June 14, 2019 . "Fishes of the Salish Sea," Book Release, . July 7, 2023 . News & Events, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences.
15. Web site: University of Washington News Staff . June 18, 2019 . The first book documenting all of the known species of fishes that live in the Salish Sea is now available . July 7, 2023 . University of Washington News.
16. Web site: Rice . J. . September 26, 2019 . Of ratfish, Loch Ness monsters and stuffed sharks: A conversation with the authors of the book Fishes of the Salish Sea . July 7, 2023 . Encyclopedia of Puget Sound.
17. Web site: Weinberger . H. . June 17, 2019 . This three-decade mission to catalog local fish turned into a literary work of art . July 7, 2023 . Crosscut.
18. Orr . J.W. . Gardner . J.R. . with others . 2016 . Reproductive parasitism between distant phyla: molecular identification of snailfish (Liparidae) egg masses in the gill cavities of king crabs (Lithodidae) . Copeia . 104 . 3 . 645–657.
19. Carnevale . G. . Pietsch . T.W. . 2010 . Eocene Handfishes from Monte Bolca, with description of a new genus and species, and a phylogeny of the family Brachionichthyidae (Teleostei: Lophiiformes) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 160 . 4 . 621–647.
20. Web site: Wilkins . M. . October 11, 2010 . Fossil Fish Named After AFSC Scientist Jay Orr . July 7, 2023 . Resource Assessment & Conservation Engineering (RACE) Division, Groundfish Assessment Program.
21. Kai . Y. . Endo . H. . Tashiro . F. . Nakayama . N. . 2021 . Two new species of snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Cottoidei: Liparidae) from the western North Pacific Ocean with a range extension of Careproctus brevipectoralis . Zootaxa . 4951 . 2 . 361–371.
22. Lehnert . H. . Stone . R.P. . 2020 . Three new species of Poecilosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae, Heteroscleromorpha) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska . Zootaxa . 4851 . 1 . 137–150.