| Sir James Fisher | |
| Office1: | Resident Commissioner of South Australia |
| Term Start1: | 13 July 1836 |
| Term End1: | 17 October 1838 |
| Predecessor1: | office established |
| Successor1: | office abolished |
| Office2: | President of the South Australian Legislative Council |
| Term Start2: | 22 April 1857 |
| Term End2: | 2 February 1865 |
| Predecessor2: | office established |
| Successor2: | Sir John Morphett |
| Office3: | Mayor of Adelaide |
| Term Start3: | 31 October 1840 |
| Term End3: | 13 January 1842 |
| Predecessor3: | office established |
| Successor3: | Thomas Wilson |
| Term Start4: | 9 June 1852 |
| Term End4: | 20 November 1854 |
| Predecessor4: | office established |
| Successor4: | Joseph Hall |
| Office5: | Member of the South Australian Legislative Council |
| Term Start5: | 6 May 1853 |
| Term End5: | 28 February 1865 |
| Term Start6: | 11 July 1836 |
| Term End6: | 17 October 1838 |
| Birth Name: | James Hurtle Fisher |
| Birth Date: | 1 May 1790 |
| Birth Place: | Sunbury, Middlesex, England |
| Death Place: | Adelaide, South Australia |
| Nationality: | Australian |
| Occupation: | Administrator, politician |
| Known For: | settler |
| Spouse: | Elizabeth nee Johnson |
Sir James Hurtle Fisher (1 May 1790 – 28 January 1875) was a lawyer and prominent South Australian pioneer. He was the first Resident Commissioner of the colony of South Australia, the first Mayor of Adelaide and the first resident South Australian to be knighted.
James Hurtle Fisher was born on 1 May 1790 in Sunbury, then part of Middlesex, England,[1] the eldest son of James and Henrietta Harriet Fisher. He was articled to London solicitors Brown and Gotobed and admitted to practice in July 1811. He married Elizabeth Johnson on 5 October 1813. He commenced practice as a solicitor in 1816.
Fisher became a member of the South Australian Building Committee in September 1835; in November he was selected as resident commissioner. On 13 July 1836, he was formally appointed Registrar, and, on the next day, Resident Commissioner, under the South Australian Act. This meant he also had a position in the South Australian Legislative Council.[2] His role as Resident Commissioner gave him the power to dispose of public lands in the new colony – the proceeds of the sale would be, following Wakefield's plan, used to fund the emigration of workers to the colony. In power he was to be second only to the governor, with the added stipulation that his powers and those of the governor would be entirely separate.
In July 1836 Fisher and his family left England, accompanying the governor's party aboard . They arrived at Holdfast Bay on 28 December 1836, where the new settlement was proclaimed.
Fisher had been allowed to draft his own instructions — these were not shown to Governor Hindmarsh. Disputes between the two men over their powers had begun aboard the Buffalo and were revived during sessions of the new Council of Government. In February 1837 the Resident Magistrate's Court bound the two to keep the peace towards each other. Disagreement also arose over the site of the city, which Hindmarsh wanted moved closer to the port, and over the slow progress of the survey. Hindmarsh failed in his bid to move the city and the survey did progress. In March Fisher called a meeting of holders of land orders to select their town acres, and the remaining acres were auctioned soon after. Further controversy arose with encroachment of the governor's garden on public land. In August, Hindmarsh suspended Robert Gouger from his office of Colonial Secretary. John Brown, a servant of Fisher and not subject to the governor, was nevertheless also suspended on 11 September 1837. Fisher immediately issued a handbill stating that Brown still held office; Hindmarsh later issued a contradictory proclamation. Tit-for-tat accusations continued, with both parties communicating to London. In March 1838 Governor Hindmarsh was recalled to London, leaving Adelaide in July. This was no victory for Fisher, however: the new governor, George Gawler, was given the combined powers of Governor and Resident Commissioner, effective on his arrival in October 1838.
Fisher returned to law and became a leader of the South Australian Bar.
In October 1840, Fisher was elected inaugural Mayor of Adelaide. He was again mayor from 1852–54. He was elected into the South Australian Legislative Council in 1853, becoming Speaker of the South Australian Legislative Council (1855–56), and upon self-government, President of the South Australian Legislative Council (1857–65), after which he retired from politics.
In 1860 he was made Knight Bachelor, becoming the first resident South Australian to be knighted.
Fisher died in Adelaide on 28 January 1875, survived by four sons and four daughters.
James married Elizabeth Johnson (1792 – 2 July 1857). Among their children were:[3]
James Hurtle Fisher is commemorated in various ways:
A memorial and plaque near the corner of North Terrace and West Terrace, Adelaide, marks the approximate location of the Land and Survey offices and Fisher's and Colonel William Light's huts, which were destroyed by fire in 1839.
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