JD Vance explained

JD Vance
Jr/Sr:United States Senator
State:Ohio
Alongside:Sherrod Brown
Term Start:January 3, 2023
Predecessor:Rob Portman
Birth Name:James Donald Bowman
Birth Date:2 August 1984
Birth Place:Middletown, Ohio, US
Party:Republican
Children:3
Occupation:
  • Politician
  • author
  • venture capitalist
Signature:JD Vance Signature-01.svg
Branch:United States Marine Corps
Serviceyears:2003–2007
Rank: Corporal
Unit:2nd Marine Aircraft Wing
Battles:Iraq War
Mawards:

    James David "JD" Vance (né Bowman; formerly Hamel; born August 2, 1984) is an American politician, author, and Marine veteran who has served since 2023 as the junior United States senator from Ohio. A member of the Republican Party, he is its nominee for vice president in the 2024 presidential election.

    After high school, Vance joined the US Marine Corps, where he served from 2003 to 2007. He attended Ohio State University afterward, graduating in 2009, then graduated in 2013 from Yale Law School. His memoir, Hillbilly Elegy, was published in 2016.

    Vance won the 2022 United States Senate election in Ohio, defeating Tim Ryan, the Democratic Party’s nominee. Initially opposed to Donald Trump's candidacy in the 2016 election, Vance has become a strong Trump supporter since Trump's presidency. In July 2024, Trump selected Vance as his running mate before the Republican National Convention.

    Vance has been described as a national conservative[2] [3] and right-wing populist,[4] and he describes himself as a member of the postliberal right.[5] [6] His political positions include opposition to abortion, same-sex marriage, gun control, and American military aid to Ukraine. Vance is an outspoken critic of childlessness, linking it to sociopathy.[7] [8]

    Early life, military service, and education

    James Donald Bowman was born on August 2, 1984, in Middletown, Ohio,[9] [10] to Beverly Carol (née Vance; born 1961) and Donald Ray Bowman (1959–2023). He is of Scots-Irish descent.[11] [12] His parents divorced when he was a toddler. After Bowman was adopted by his mother's third husband, Bob Hamel, his mother changed his name to James David Hamel to remove his father's name but used the name of one of her brothers to preserve his nickname, JD.[13]

    Vance has written that his childhood was marked by poverty and abuse, and that his mother struggled with drug addiction.[14] Vance and his sister Lindsey were raised primarily by his maternal grandparents, James (1929–1997) and Bonnie Vance (née Blanton; 1933–2005), whom they called "Papaw" and "Mamaw". His grandparents moved to Ohio from Kentucky's Appalachia.[15]

    After graduating from Middletown High School in 2003,[16] Vance enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and served as a military journalist as part of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.[17] [18] [19] In 2005, Vance deployed to Iraq for six months, where he wrote articles and took photos for the Public Affairs office.[20] Upon his return, Vance handled media relations. He said that his service "taught me how to live like an adult" and that he was "lucky to escape any real fighting".[21] His decorations included the Iraq Campaign Medal,[22] Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal, and Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal. Vance served for four years[23] and attained the rank of corporal.[24]

    Using the G.I. Bill,[25] Vance attended Ohio State University from September 2007 to August 2009,[26] graduating summa cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and philosophy.[27] During his first year in college, he worked for Republican state senator Bob Schuler.

    After graduating from Ohio State, Vance attended Yale Law School.[28] [29] He became close friends during orientation with Jamil Jivani, a future Conservative member of Canadian parliament.[30] During his first year, Professor Amy Chua, author of the 2011 book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, persuaded him to begin writing his memoir, Hillbilly Elegy.[31]

    Vance was an editor of The Yale Law Journal[32] and graduated in 2013 with a Juris Doctor degree. In 2010 and 2011, he wrote for David Frum's "FrumForum" website under the name J. D. Hamel.[33] [34] Although Hillbilly Elegy implies that Vance adopted his grandparents' surname of Vance upon his marriage in 2014, the name change actually occurred in April 2013, as he was about to graduate from Yale.[35]

    Early career

    After graduating from law school, Vance worked for Republican Senator John Cornyn. He spent a year as a law clerk for Judge David Bunning of the US District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky,[36] then worked at the law firm Sidley Austin,[37] beginning a brief career as a corporate lawyer.[38] Having practiced law for slightly under two years, Vance moved to San Francisco to work in the technology industry as a venture capitalist. Between 2016 and 2017, he served as a principal at Peter Thiel's firm, Mithril Capital.[39] [40]

    Writing

    In June 2016, Harper published Vance's book, Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis. The memoir recounts the Appalachian culture and socioeconomic problems of Vance's small-town upbringing.[41]

    Hillbilly Elegy was on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2016 and 2017. The Times called it "one of the six best books to help understand Trump's win",[42] and The Washington Post called Vance the "voice of the Rust Belt".[43] In The New Republic, Sarah Jones criticized Vance as "liberal media's favorite white trash–splainer" and a "false prophet of blue America", calling the book "little more than a list of myths about welfare queens".[44]

    Vance was a CNN contributor in 2017 and 2018.[45] In April 2017, Ron Howard signed on to direct the film version of Hillbilly Elegy, which was released in select theaters on November 11, 2020. It was released on Netflix for streaming.[46]

    Our Ohio Renewal

    In December 2016, Vance said he planned to move to Ohio and would consider starting a nonprofit or running for office.[47] In Ohio, he started Our Ohio Renewal, a 501(c)(4) advocacy organization focused on education, addiction, and other "social ills" he had mentioned in his memoir. According to a 2017 archived capture of the nonprofit's website, the members of the advisory board were Keith Humphreys, Jamil Jivani, Yuval Levin, and Sally Satel.[48] According to a 2020 capture of the website, those four remained in those positions throughout the organization's existence.[49] Our Ohio Renewal closed after less than two years with sparse achievements.[50] [51] According to Jivani, the organization's director of law and policy, its work was derailed by Jivani's cancer diagnosis.[52] [53]

    During Vance's 2022 campaign for US Senate, Tim Ryan, the Democratic nominee, said the charity was a front for Vance's political ambitions. Ryan pointed to reports that the organization paid a Vance political adviser and conducted public opinion polling, while its efforts to address addiction failed. Vance denied the characterization.[54] [55] A 2021 report by Business Insider revealed that Our Ohio Renewal's tax filings showed that in its first year, it spent more on "management services" provided by its executive director Jai Chabria, who also served as Vance's top political adviser, than it did on programs to fight opioid abuse.[56]

    According to the Associated Press (AP), the charity's biggest accomplishment, sending psychiatrist Sally Satel to Ohio's Appalachian region for a yearlong residency in 2018, was tainted by the ties among Satel, her employer, American Enterprise Institute (AEI), and Purdue Pharma, in the form of knowledge exchange between Satel and Purdue and financial support from Purdue to AEI, as found by a ProPublica 2019 investigation. In an email to AP, Satel denied having any relationship with Purdue or any knowledge of Purdue's donations to AEI.[57] [58]

    Investing

    In 2017, Vance joined the investment firm Revolution LLC. It was founded by Steve Case, who also cofounded AOL. Vance was tasked with expanding the "Rise of the Rest" initiative, which focuses on growing investments in underserved regions outside Silicon Valley and New York City.[59] In 2019, Vance co-founded Narya Capital in Cincinnati with financial backing from Thiel, Eric Schmidt, and Marc Andreessen.[60] In 2020, he raised $93 million for the firm.[61] With Thiel and former Trump adviser Darren Blanton, Vance has invested in Rumble, a Canadian online video platform popular with the political right.[62] [63]

    From March 2017 to April 2021, Vance served on the board of directors of the startup AppHarvest, which carried out indoor vertical farming in Kentucky.[64] AppHarvest was also one of Vance's venture capitalism company Narya's first publicly announced investments.[64] Vance publicly advocated for AppHarvest, in February 2021 telling the media that it was "not just a good investment opportunity, it's a great business that's making a big difference in the world".[64] AppHarvest went bankrupt in 2023 while owing over $340 million.[64] CNN, citing interviews with former AppHarvest workers, reported that the company "provided a grim job experience for many of the working-class Kentuckians Vance has vowed to help" due to employees' being "forced to work in grueling conditions inside the company's greenhouse", while AppHarvest "eventually began contracting migrant workers from Mexico, Guatemala" instead of Americans.[64]

    US Senate

    2022 campaign

    See main article: 2022 United States Senate election in Ohio. In early 2018, Vance considered running for the US Senate against Sherrod Brown,[65] but did not.[66] In March 2021, Peter Thiel gave $10 million to Protect Ohio Values, a super PAC created in February to support a potential Vance candidacy.[67] [68] [69] Robert Mercer also gave an undisclosed amount. In April, Vance expressed interest in running for the Senate seat being vacated by Rob Portman.[70] In May, he launched an exploratory committee.[71]

    Vance announced his Senate campaign in Ohio on July 1, 2021. On May 3, 2022, he won the Republican primary with 32% of the vote,[72] defeating multiple candidates, including Josh Mandel (23%) and Matt Dolan (22%).[73] On November 8, in the general election, Vance defeated Democratic nominee Tim Ryan with 53% of the vote to Ryan's 47%.[74] This vote share was considered a vast underperformance compared to other Ohio Republicans, especially in the coinciding gubernatorial election.

    While Vance had often previously spelled his name with periods after the initials of his given names ("J.D.") – including in the publication of Hillbilly Elegy – he dropped this styling after becoming a candidate for office by removing the periods ("JD").[35]

    Tenure

    On January 3, 2023, Vance was sworn in to the Senate as a member of the 118th United States Congress.

    Data from mid-July 2024 showed that Vance had made 45 Senate speeches and sponsored 57 legislative bills, none of which had passed the Senate; he had also co-sponsored 288 bills, of which two passed both the Senate and the House, but were vetoed by President Biden.[75]

    Vance's Senate work has included:

    Vance has also voted against raising the debt ceiling, standing against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023.[79]

    Vance was criticized for his delayed response to the 2023 train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio.[80] [81] [82] His office released an official statement on February 13, 2023, ten days after the derailment, though Vance had sent a message on social media about the derailment the day after it occurred.[83] [84] [85]

    On February 26, 2023, Vance wrote an op-ed in The Washington Post supporting the provision of PPP style funds to those affected by the derailment, which some Republican senators criticized.[86] [87] On March 1, 2023, Vance and Brown cosponsored bipartisan legislation to prevent derailments like the one in East Palestine.[88] [89]

    Committee assignments

    2024 vice-presidential campaign

    See main article: Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign and 2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection.

    On January 31, 2023, Vance endorsed former President Donald Trump in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries.[90] [91] On July 15, 2024, the first day of the Republican National Convention, Trump announced that he had chosen Vance as his running mate in a post on Truth Social.[92] On July 17, the third day of the convention, Vance accepted the nomination to be Trump's running mate.[93]

    Trump's two eldest sons, Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, advocated for their father to choose Vance. Several media and industry figures are said to have lobbied for Vance to be on the presidential ticket, including Elon Musk, David O. Sacks, Tucker Carlson, and Peter Thiel, who first introduced Trump to Vance in 2021.[94] [95] The Heritage Foundation, which drafted Project 2025, privately advocated for Vance to be Trump's vice-presidential pick.[96] Musk responded to Trump's vice-presidential pick hours after its announcement, saying the ticket "resounds with victory". David Sacks, a prominent GOP donor and Silicon Valley venture capitalist, wrote on Twitter: "This is who I want by Trump's side: an American patriot." In 2022, Sacks gave a super PAC supporting Vance's Senate campaign $900,000, and Peter Thiel added $15 million.[97] It was initially reported that Elon Musk would contribute $45 million monthly to the Trump-Vance campaign,[98] but Musk later said he planned to donate "much lower amounts".[99] [100]

    On May 15, 2024, Trump attended a $50,000 per head private fundraising dinner with Vance in Cincinnati.[101] Guests included Chris Bortz and Republican fundraiser Nate Morris.[102] Vance appeared at significant conservative political events and in June was described as a potential running mate for Trump.[103] [104] In July, a former friend of Vance's from Yale Law School exposed to the media communications between them and Vance from 2014 to 2017, with the friend alleging that Vance has "changed [his] opinion on literally every imaginable issue that affects everyday Americans" in pursuit of "political power and wealth".[105] [106]

    In late July 2024, after President Joe Biden withdrew his candidacy for reelection and Vice President Kamala Harris became a presidential candidate, Vance said at a private fundraiser that the "bad news is that Kamala Harris does not have the same baggage as Joe Biden ... Kamala Harris is obviously not struggling in the same ways that Joe Biden did"; a day later, Vance told the media: "I don't think the political calculus changes at all" whether Harris or Biden was the Democratic nominee.[107] Following criticism of his past remarks and political positions, Vance said in an August 2024 interview that a vice president "doesn't really matter" and that "Kamala Harris has been a bad vice president".[108] This came after Trump said that the "vice president, in terms of the election, does not have any impact".[108]

    Vance contributed a foreword to Kevin Roberts' book .[109] [110]

    Comments on childless women

    Shortly after being named Trump's running mate, Vance was criticized for saying in a 2021 Fox News interview, "we are effectively run in this country via the Democrats, via our corporate oligarchs, by a bunch of childless cat ladies who are miserable at their own lives and the choices that they've made and so they want to make the rest of the country miserable too."[111] The resurfaced comments sparked immediate backlash across news and social media.[112] [113] Once the comments went viral, MSNBC's Morning Joe host Mika Brzezinski mocked Vance by appearing on her show petting a cat that was sitting on her lap and asking: "My kids are older. Does that make me childless? I want to qualify."[114] On July 26, 2024, Vance clarified his remarks on The Megyn Kelly Show, saying, "It's not a criticism of people who don't have children" and "this is about criticizing the Democratic Party for becoming anti-family and anti-child".[115]

    After backlash to the Fox News interview, additional comments that Vance made in interviews about women and childless people resurfaced. In a 2020 podcast interview, he said that being childless "makes people more sociopathic and ultimately our whole country a little bit less, less mentally stable".[116] Vance also suggested in a March 2021 interview on The Charlie Kirk Show that people without children should be taxed at a higher rate than those with children, adding that the U.S. should "reward the things that we think are good" and "punish the things that we think are bad".[117] In an August 2024 interview on Face The Nation, Vance said he supported increasing the child tax credit from $2,000 per child up to $5,000 per child, departing from his Senate Republican colleagues, who had blocked an expanded child tax credit in the Senate two weeks earlier.[118] [119]

    Public reactions

    The week after the Republican convention, opinion polls showed Vance with an average -6 net approval, vastly below the +19 that major-party vice-presidential nominees have averaged since 2000 in post-convention opinion polls.[120] That week, Vance's middling public reception and other concerns led some prominent Republican politicians and political scientists to say that he may have been a poor choice of running mate, especially in light of the shift in the election's dynamics upon the withdrawal of President Biden from the election and advent of Kamala Harris as the Democratic nominee.[121]

    On July 15, 2024, an Internet hoax spread from social network X falsely claiming that Hillbilly Elegy described Vance having sexual intercourse with a couch. Internet memes were generated in response, and the viral hoax's spread was amplified after the Associated Press published and promptly deleted a fact-check of it.[122] In a rally on August 6, Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, who had been chosen as Harris's running mate earlier that day, obliquely referenced the hoax while challenging Vance to a debate. The Harris campaign's acknowledgement of the hoax and willingness to use it as an attack line received significant media coverage, with some using it as an example of part of a broader messaging shift in the campaign.[123]

    Personal life

    Vance wrote in his memoir, Hillbilly Elegy, that he was raised in a low-income family by his single mother and grandmother[124] and his family had a difficult life in his hometown, Middletown, Ohio, where his mother's parents had moved from Kentucky. As a child, he longed for "the American dream, with a happy family at its core", and admired Bill Clinton for his similar background, noting that Clinton had been "a poor boy with a vaguely Southern accent, raised by a single mother, with a heavy dose of loving grandparents."[125]

    Around 2011, Vance met his wife, Usha Chilukuri, while both were students at Yale Law School. He has called her "my Yale spirit guide". In 2014, they married in Kentucky, in an interfaith marriage ceremony,[126] [127] as she is Hindu and he Christian.[128] Their wedding included a Bible reading by Vance's "best friend", Jamil Jivani,[52] [129] and the bride and groom were blessed by a Hindu pandit.[130] [131] The couple have three children.

    In 2017, Vance wrote in The New York Times that, as someone who had yearned for the American dream as a child, he found hope in Barack Obama's personal story, which showed that domestic hardships need not defeat us; Vance also saw similarities in terms of his own early personal accomplishments: "a prestigious law degree, a strong professional career, and a modicum of fame as a writer", though he noted his political disagreements with Obama.[125]

    Vance was raised in a "conservative, evangelical" branch of Protestantism. By September 2016, he was "not an active participant" in any particular Christian denomination, but was "thinking very seriously about converting to Catholicism".[132] In August 2019, Vance was baptized and confirmed in the Catholic Church in a ceremony at St. Gertrude Priory in Cincinnati, Ohio. He chose Augustine of Hippo as his confirmation saint. Vance said he converted because he "became persuaded over time that Catholicism was true [...] and Augustine gave me a way to understand Christian faith in a strongly intellectual way", further describing Catholic theology's influence on his political views.[133] Vance was influenced to convert to Catholicism by Peter Thiel.[134]

    Works

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: JD Vance's Marine Corps Service Would Set Him Apart from Most Vice Presidents . Lawrence . Drew F. . July 16, 2024 . . August 11, 2024 . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717093101/https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/07/16/jd-vances-marine-corps-service-would-set-him-apart-most-vice-presidents.html . live .
    2. News: van Zuylen-Wood . Simon. January 4, 2022. The Radicalization of J.D. Vance . live. The Washington Post. https://archive.today/20220104145244/https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine/2022/01/04/jd-vance-hillbilly-elegy-radicalization/. January 4, 2022. August 11, 2024. subscription.
    3. News: Orr . James . James Orr (theologian) . 2024-07-16 . JD Vance's nomination proves Trumpism is here to stay . 2024-07-17 . . 0307-1235 . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718054932/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/07/16/vance-nomination-proves-trumpism-is-here-to-stay/ . live .
    4. Goldman . Samuel . July 15, 2021 . Peter Thiel's implausible populists . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210927102355/https://theweek.com/politics/1002603/peter-thiel-populists . September 27, 2021 . September 27, 2021 . The Week.
    5. News: Zorzi . Graedon H. . 2024-07-16 . J.D. Vance and the Rise of 'Postliberalism' . 2024-07-17 . . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717045132/https://www.wsj.com/articles/j-d-vance-and-the-rise-of-postliberalism-1f200696 . live .
    6. Web site: Haynes . Gavin . 2024-07-17 . JD Vance has some weird influences . 2024-07-17 . . Vance says he is 'plugged into a lot of weird, right-wing subcultures'. He draws from a whole new political lexicon, one that would seem baffling to his more starched colleagues in the Congress. . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718054933/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/jd-vance-has-some-weird-influences/ . live .
    7. Corn. David. David Corn. August 1, 2024. JD Vance Attacked AOC for Promoting a "Sociopathic Attitude" About Children. Mother Jones. August 11, 2024. August 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240808145041/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2024/08/jd-vance-aoc-childless/. live.
    8. Web site: Sforza . Lauren . July 30, 2024 . Vance: 'Childless people' in US leadership 'more sociopathic' . The Hill.
    9. News: O'Brien . Rebecca Davis . 15 July 2024 . J.D. Vance Was Not Always His Name. But It's the One That Felt Closest to Home. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240719203813/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/15/us/politics/jd-vance-name.html . July 19, 2024 . 25 July 2024 . The New York Times.
    10. News: Ward . Ian . July 15, 2024 . 55 Things to Know About JD Vance, Trump's VP Pick . . July 16, 2024 . July 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715205227/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/07/15/jd-vance-55-things-trump-vp-00167882 . live .
    11. Rothman . Joshua . September 12, 2016 . The Lives of Poor White People . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210102073802/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/the-lives-of-poor-white-people . January 2, 2021 . March 6, 2017 . The New Yorker.
    12. News: Kroeger . Alix . April 18, 2021 . JD Vance: Trump whisperer turned Senate hopeful . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210512163133/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56748047 . May 12, 2021 . May 12, 2021 . BBC News.
    13. Web site: All About J.D. Vance's Parents, Mom Beverly Vance and Dad Donald Bowman . 2024-07-17 . . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718095445/https://people.com/all-about-jd-vance-parents-8678608 . live .
    14. News: BeMiller . Haley . Who is JD Vance? What to know about Donald Trump's VP pick . July 15, 2024 . July 15, 2024 . . July 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715230822/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/15/jd-vance-finalist-trump-vice-running-mate-bio-details/74413134007/ . live .
    15. News: Austin . Horn . JD Vance, Trump's VP pick, has ties to Kentucky. What to know . . July 16, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717101122/https://amp.kentucky.com/news/politics-government/article290091484.html . live .
    16. News: Clark . Michael D. . March 10, 2017 . Middletown native J.D. Vance's book started with simple question . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202085301/https://www.journal-news.com/news/middletown-native-vance-book-started-with-simple-question/wiUzBgVwzDhvk72sl8SnRP/ . December 2, 2020 . May 10, 2017 . Journal-News.
    17. News: Gabriel . Trip . May 4, 2022 . J.D. Vance's Rise From 'Hillbilly Elegy' Author to Senate Nominee . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240429203011/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/03/us/politics/jd-vance-ohio-senate-primary-results.html . April 29, 2024 . April 29, 2024 . The New York Times.
    18. Web site: White . Matt . July 15, 2024 . J.D. Vance is first veteran on Presidential ticket since John McCain . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716064741/https://taskandpurpose.com/news/jd-vance-marine-veteran/ . July 16, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . Task & Purpose.
    19. News: Dress . Brad . Mitchell . Ellen . August 8, 2024 . Battle begins over Vance and Walz military records .
    20. Web site: Morales . Jeremy Herb, Allison Gordon, Haley Britzky, Sara Murray, Bob Ortega, Mark . 2024-08-17 . Inside the formative military service of Vance and Walz CNN Politics . 2024-08-18 . CNN . en.
    21. News: Shkolnikova . Svetlana . July 16, 2024 . Vance credits service in Marine Corps for teaching him 'how to live like an adult' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240720200750/https://www.stripes.com/theaters/us/2024-07-16/vance-trump-marines-vice-president-republicans-14505177.html . July 20, 2024 . July 20, 2024 . Stars and Stripes.
    22. News: Wang . Amy B. . Kornfield . Meryl . 16 July 2024 . J.D. Vance's journey from a 'Never Trump' guy to Trump's VP pick . 13 August 2024 . . August 11, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240811071936/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/15/jd-vance-vp-pick-trump/ . live .
    23. Web site: What we know about military records of Walz and Vance . 2024-08-18 . www.bbc.com . en-GB . August 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240808234208/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cze5gzr97ewo . live .
    24. News: August 12, 2024 . JD Vance Fast Facts . August 13, 2024 . CNN.
    25. Web site: JD Vance: Trump's anti-Iraq war, pro-Israel vice presidential running mate . July 24, 2024 . Middle East Eye . en . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725080952/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jd-vance-donald-trumps-anti-iraq-war-pro-israel-vice-president-pick . live .
    26. Web site: Autumn Commencement 2009 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240216144118/https://registrar.osu.edu/media/1832/su2009_commence.pdf . February 16, 2024 . July 27, 2024 . Ohio State University . 30.
    27. News: Gold . MIchael . July 15, 2024 . In Vance, Trump Picks an Ambitious Ideologue and First Millennial . subscription . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715233832/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/15/us/politics/trump-vp-pick.html . July 15, 2024 . July 15, 2024 . The New York Times.
    28. News: Saul . Stephanie . 2024-07-17 . How Yale Propelled J.D. Vance's Career . subscription . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717104304/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/17/us/jd-vance-yale-law-school.html . 2024-07-17 . 2024-07-18 . . 0362-4331 .
    29. Web site: Velasco . Rin . J.D. Vance went to Yale Law School. Here's what to know about his time there. . 2024-08-11 . Norwich Bulletin . en-US . August 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240818192853/https://www.norwichbulletin.com/story/news/politics/2024/07/15/jd-vance-yale-law-school-donald-trump/74415307007/ . live .
    30. Web site: Jivani . Jamil . Jamil Jivani: J.D. Vance, My friend the hillbilly . National Post . 17 July 2024 . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718063007/https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jamil-jivani-my-friend-the-hillbilly . live .
    31. Kitchener . Caroline . June 7, 2016 . How the 'Tiger Mom' Convinced the Author of Hillbilly Elegy to Write His Story . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413175048/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/06/hillbilly-elegy-mentor/529443/ . April 13, 2021 . October 25, 2017 . .
    32. Web site: The Yale Law Journal - Masthead: Volume 122 . 2024-07-31 . www.yalelawjournal.org . May 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529194515/https://www.yalelawjournal.org/masthead/volume-122 . live .
    33. Web site: author FrumForum . 2024-07-25 . frumforum.com . January 27, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230127211927/http://frumforum.com/author?oid=193 . live .
    34. On GPS: The evolution of JD Vance from Trump critic to loyalist CNN Politics . 2024-07-21 . en . 2024-07-25 . www.cnn.com . July 23, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240723174702/https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2024/07/21/gps-0721-the-evolution-of-jd-vance.cnn . live .
    35. News: Smyth . Julie Carr . July 26, 2024 . What's in a name? Republican vice presidential nominee JD Vance has had many of them . 2024-07-27 . . en . July 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240727041018/https://apnews.com/article/election-2024-republicans-vice-president-vance-name-359c3d1361c94f5d2d1e9798b7854477 . live .
    36. News: July 15, 2024 . JD Vance selected as Donald Trump's running mate; Trump officially nominated . 2024-07-17 . . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717001604/https://www.wftv.com/news/trending/jd-vance-selected-donald-trumps-running-mate/MBMIZUPEJNDKLKZIJPVDF5CJXM/ . live .
    37. Cortellessa . Eric . 2024-07-15 . Why Trump Chose J.D. Vance . 2024-07-17 . . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717045143/https://time.com/6998873/why-trump-chose-j-d-vance-for-vice-president/ . live .
    38. News: Primack . Dan . July 16, 2024 . J.D. Vance's short career in venture capital . August 1, 2024 . . July 19, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023708/https://www.axios.com/2024/07/16/jd-vance-venture-capital-career . live .
    39. News: McBride . Sarah . January 20, 2017 . Peter Thiel's Mithril Capital Raises $850 Million VC Fund . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210506175430/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-20/peter-thiel-s-mithril-capital-raises-850-million-vc-fund . May 6, 2021 . May 10, 2017 . Bloomberg Technology.
    40. Web site: Wren . Adam . Morris . Meghan . August 29, 2021 . 'Hillbilly Elegy' author JD Vance is running for Senate as a savior of the Rust Belt. Insiders and experts say that reputation is unearned. . subscription . https://web.archive.org/web/20240325024811/https://www.businessinsider.com/jd-vance-venture-capital-opioid-nonprofit-tech-record-ohio-senate-2021-8 . March 25, 2024 . live . Business Insider . July 13, 2024.
    41. News: Review: In 'Hillbilly Elegy,' a Tough Love Analysis of the Poor Who Back Trump . October 11, 2016 . Senior . Jennifer . August 10, 2016 . . October 11, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161011053806/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/11/books/review-in-hillbilly-elegy-a-compassionate-analysis-of-the-poor-who-love-trump.html .
    42. News: November 9, 2016 . 6 Books to Help Understand Trump's Win . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210215222900/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/books/6-books-to-help-understand-trumps-win.html . February 15, 2021 . April 13, 2021 . The New York Times.
    43. News: Heller . Karen . February 6, 2017 . 'Hillbilly Elegy' made J.D. Vance the voice of the Rust Belt. But does he want that job? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201125133721/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/hillbilly-elegy-made-jd-vance-the-voice-of-the-rust-belt-but-does-he-want-that-job/2017/02/06/fa6cd63c-e882-11e6-80c2-30e57e57e05d_story.html . November 25, 2020 . July 27, 2017 . The Washington Post.
    44. Jones . Sarah . November 17, 2016 . J.D. Vance, the False Prophet of Blue America . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170317235304/https://newrepublic.com/article/138717/jd-vance-false-prophet-blue-america . March 17, 2017 . April 13, 2021 . The New Republic.
    45. Web site: Forrest . Jack . 2024-07-15 . What to know about Sen. JD Vance, Trump's running mate CNN Politics . 2024-08-21 . CNN . en.
    46. Web site: October 14, 2020 . Amy Adams and Glenn Close Are Unrecognizable in Thrilling First Trailer for Netflix's Hillbilly Elegy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716075709/https://people.com/movies/amy-adams-glenn-close-netfli-hillbilly-elegy-trailer/ . July 16, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . Peoplemag.
    47. News: Hohmann . James . December 21, 2016 . The Daily 202: Why the author of 'Hillbilly Elegy' is moving home to Ohio . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227164241/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/daily-202/2016/12/21/daily-202-why-the-author-of-hillbilly-elegy-is-moving-home-to-ohio/5859da6ee9b69b36fcfeaf48/ . February 27, 2021 . March 6, 2017 . The Washington Post.
    48. Web site: About Our Ohio Renewal . 2017 . Our Ohio Renewal . July 27, 2024 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170726085236/http://ourohiorenewal.com/ . July 26, 2017 .
    49. Web site: About Our Ohio Renewal . 2017 . Our Ohio Renewal . July 27, 2024 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20201129065421/https://ourohiorenewal.com/ . November 29, 2020 .
    50. Web site: Trump names Ohio Sen. J.D. Vance as vice presidential running mate . Stephen Fowler . July 15, 2024 . . July 15, 2024 . July 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715193601/https://www.npr.org/2024/07/15/nx-s1-5040236/jd-vance-vice-president-trump-rnc . live .
    51. Web site: Matthiessen . Connie . 2024-07-18 . J.D. Vance Has Set His Sights on Philanthropy Before. What Should the Sector Expect? . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718201457/https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2024/7/18/what-should-philanthropy-expect-from-jd-vance . 2024-07-18 . 2024-08-17 . Inside Philanthropy.
    52. Web site: Tasker . John Paul . This Conservative MP is 'best friends' with Trump running mate J.D. Vance . CBC . 18 July 2024 . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717082044/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/jd-vance-jamil-jivani-best-friends-trump-vp-1.7265268 . live .
    53. News: J.D. Vance's First Attempt to Renew Ohio Crumbled Quickly . The New York Times . October 8, 2022 . 18 July 2024 . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716051708/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/08/us/politics/jd-vance-ohio-senate-nonprofit.html . live . Fahrenthold . David A. .
    54. News: Colvin . Jill . Peoples . Steve . Smyth . Julie Carr . Zeke . Miller . July 15, 2024 . Trump picks Sen. JD Vance of Ohio, a once-fierce critic turned loyal ally, as his GOP running mate . . July 15, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716082417/https://apnews.com/article/trump-vice-president-vance-rubio-burgum-rnc-6cc438a8370a21b2631f5a53b06b71d0 . live .
    55. Tim Ryan; J.D. Vance . October 17, 2022 . Campaign 2022 Ohio U.S. Senate Debate . Cable TV . July 5, 2024 . 21:40 . . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718063007/https://www.c-span.org/video/?523437-1/ohio-us-senate-debate . live .
    56. Web site: We found tax records showing 'Hillbilly Elegy' author JD Vance's anti-opioid nonprofit faltered . Adam Wren, Meghan Morris . August 31, 2021 . Business Insider . July 16, 2024 . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717012939/https://www.businessinsider.com/jd-vance-anti-opioid-nonprofit-our-ohio-renewal-senate-campaign-2021-8 . live .
    57. Web site: Vance's anti-drug charity enlisted doctor echoing Big Pharma . Smyth . Julie Carr . August 18, 2022 . . July 5, 2024 . July 4, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240704100835/https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-entertainment-health-175153d8a80d93b2c9c6654a6a730de9 . live .
    58. Web site: Inside Purdue Pharma's Media Playbook: How It Planted the Opioid "Anti-Story" . David Armstrong . November 19, 2019 . . July 16, 2024 . Purdue's hidden relationships with Satel and AEI illustrate how the company and its public relations consultants aggressively countered criticism that its prized painkiller helped cause the opioid epidemic. . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716150849/https://www.propublica.org/article/inside-purdue-pharma-media-playbook-how-it-planted-the-opioid-anti-story . live .
    59. News: Heater . Brian . March 22, 2017 . 'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance joins Revolution LLC to promote startups outside of Silicon Valley . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413065211/https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/22/jd-vance-revolution-llc/ . April 13, 2021 . April 13, 2021 . TechCrunch.
    60. News: Vermillion . Stephanie . February 16, 2020 . J.D. Vance's New Cincinnati-based VC Firm Excites Local Startup Leaders . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201213021024/https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/inno/stories/inno-insights/2020/02/16/jd-vance-s-new-cincinnati-based-vc-firm-excites.html . December 13, 2020 . April 13, 2021 . Cincy Inno.
    61. News: Loizos . Connie . January 9, 2019 . 'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance has raised $93 million for his own Midwestern venture fund . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210416062035/https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/09/hillbilly-elegy-author-j-d-vance-has-raised-93-million-for-his-own-midwestern-venture-fund/ . April 16, 2021 . January 15, 2020 . TechCrunch.
    62. News: Hagey . Keach . May 19, 2021 . WSJ News Exclusive Peter Thiel, J.D. Vance Invest in Rumble Video Platform Popular on Political Right . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220207182452/https://www.wsj.com/articles/peter-thiel-j-d-vance-invest-in-rumble-video-platform-popular-on-political-right-11621447661 . February 7, 2022 . May 21, 2021 . . 0099-9660.
    63. News: Lutz . Eric . May 20, 2021 . Peter Thiel and J.D. Vance Are Propping Up a Right-Wing YouTube Alternative . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220815012937/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/05/peter-thiel-jd-vance-are-propping-up-right-wing-youtube-alternative-rumble-donation . August 15, 2022 . August 13, 2022 . Vanity Fair.
    64. News: Gordon . Allison . Medina . Daniel . Devine . Curt . Lah . Kyung . Workers allege 'nightmare' conditions at Kentucky startup JD Vance helped fund . August 14, 2024 . . August 13, 2024.
    65. News: Gomez . Henry . January 10, 2018 . J.D. Vance Is Now Seriously Considering Running For Senate In Ohio . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180713190103/https://www.buzzfeed.com/henrygomez/jd-vance-is-now-seriously-considering-running-for-senate-in . July 13, 2018 . January 11, 2018 . .
    66. News: Carozza . Vinny . January 19, 2018 . Middletown native and Ohio State grad decides against Senate run . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210709191423/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/middletown-native-and-ohio-state-grad-decides-against-senate-run/hqT6uM1G7soK9mKu3pXDAN/ . July 9, 2021 . July 8, 2021 . .
    67. News: Kinery . Emma . March 15, 2021 . Peter Thiel, Mercers Back a Potential J.D. Vance Senate Run . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413065210/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-15/peter-thiel-mercer-family-back-potential-j-d-vance-senate-run . April 13, 2021 . April 13, 2021 . Bloomberg Businessweek.
    68. News: Mathis-Lilley . Ben . March 18, 2021 . J.D. Vance's Potential Senate Campaign Is Shaping Up as a Vicious Assault on People Like J.D. Vance . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413065210/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2021/03/jd-vance-senate-campaign-sleazy-populism.html . April 13, 2021 . April 13, 2021 . Slate.
    69. News: Balmert . Jessie . March 15, 2021 . Super PAC supporting potential Senate candidate J.D. Vance gets $10 million donation from PayPal cofounder . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210315200321/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/03/15/super-pac-supporting-possible-ohio-senate-candidate-j-d-vance-gets-10-m-donation-peter-thiel/4700540001/ . March 15, 2021 . March 16, 2021 . The Cincinnati Enquirer.
    70. News: Primack . Dan . April 15, 2021 . J.D. Vance tells associates he plans to run for Senate in Ohio . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418163541/https://www.axios.com/jd-vance-ohio-senate-4f3455d1-20c0-428b-8569-a9d11306ba9f.html . April 18, 2021 . April 30, 2021 . Axios.
    71. News: De Lea . Brittany . May 12, 2021 . 'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance forms exploratory committee to run for Senate seat in Ohio: report . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210512022228/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/j-d-vance-exploratory-committee-ohio-senate-seat . May 12, 2021 . May 12, 2021 . Fox News.
    72. News: Shivaram . Deepa . May 3, 2022 . After Trump's endorsement, J.D. Vance wins a crowded Ohio GOP Senate race, the AP says . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114200312/https://www.npr.org/2022/05/03/1095662187/ohio-republican-senate-primary-results-vance-trump . November 14, 2022 . November 14, 2022 . NPR.
    73. News: Linton . Caroline . Brewster . Adam . Navarro . Aaron . May 4, 2022 . Ohio primary results: Trump-backed J.D. Vance wins Republican Senate race . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220504120842/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/ohio-primary-election-jd-vance-republican-senate-trump/ . May 4, 2022 . May 4, 2022 . CBS News.
    74. News: November 8, 2022 . Ohio U.S. Senate Election Results . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230725152429/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/11/08/us/elections/results-ohio-us-senate.html . July 25, 2023 . June 7, 2023 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
    75. News: Leigh . Harri . JD Vance's Senate record: No new laws, but a platform to spread ideas . August 1, 2024 . . July 19, 2024 . August 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240818192855/https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2024/07/19/jd-vance-senate-record . live .
    76. Web site: Etzel . Gabrielle M. . 2024-07-17 . JD Vance has broken with GOP on key healthcare policies - Washington Examiner . 2024-07-18. July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717160421/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/healthcare/3085745/jd-vance-broken-with-gop-key-healthcare-policies/ . live .
    77. News: Warmbrodt . Zachary . 1 June 2023 . Elizabeth Warren, J.D. Vance team up on bank CEO crackdown . . July 18, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716165233/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/01/warren-vance-failed-banking-crackdown-bill-00099579 . live .
    78. Web site: Livingston . Doug . 2024-07-17 . What We Know About J.D. Vance's Legislative Action on Criminal Justice . 2024-07-20 . The Marshall Project . en . July 20, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240720180634/https://www.themarshallproject.org/2024/07/17/what-we-know-from-sen-j-d-vance-s-legislative-action-on-criminal-justice-issues . live .
    79. Web site: Folley . Aris . June 1, 2023 . Here are the senators who voted against the bill to raise the debt ceiling . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230618001804/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/4031302-here-are-the-senators-who-voted-against-the-bill-to-raise-the-debt-ceiling/ . June 18, 2023 . June 17, 2023 . The Hill.
    80. Web site: Pandolfo . Chris . February 17, 2023 . Ohio governor reacts to JD Vance video, confirms creek 'very near' derailment is 'severely contaminated' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302222613/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/ohio-governor-reacts-jd-vance-video-confirms-creek-derailment-severely-contaminated . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . Fox News.
    81. Web site: Allen . Mike . February 23, 2023 . Axios interview: Sen. J.D. Vance sees "our people" hurt by derailment . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230301195723/https://www.axios.com/2023/02/23/jd-vance-ohio-train-derailment-interview . March 1, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . Axios.
    82. News: Ulloa . Jazmine . February 24, 2023 . East Palestine Crisis Tests a Trump-Backed Senator . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302222614/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/24/us/politics/east-palestine-ohio-jd-vance.html . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . The New York Times.
    83. Web site: Reporter . Kaitlin Lewis Night . February 13, 2023 . Timing of J.D. Vance's official statement on derailment stirs critics . June 26, 2024 . Newsweek . June 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240626210211/https://www.newsweek.com/jd-vance-slammed-delayed-statement-ohio-train-derailment-1780954 . live .
    84. Web site: Hurley . Bevan . February 14, 2023 . JD Vance slammed for delayed reaction to Ohio train derailment: 'Gibberish' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302222626/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/jd-vance-ohio-train-derailment-b2282052.html . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . The Independent.
    85. Web site: Wulfson . Joseph . February 14, 2023 . Media hits JD Vance for 'delayed' reaction to Ohio train derailment, buries how Dem senator responded later . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302222626/https://www.foxnews.com/media/media-hits-jd-vance-delayed-reaction-ohio-train-derailment-buries-dem-senator-responded-later . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . Fox News.
    86. News: Vance . J. D. . Opinion A PPP plan for East Palestine . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230228073258/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/02/26/jd-vance-east-palestine-train-derailment-recovery/ . February 28, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . The Washington Post.
    87. Web site: Weaver . Al . March 2023 . Vance pitches PPP for Ohio while other Republicans say to wait . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302072841/https://www.wkbn.com/hill-politics/vance-pitches-ppp-for-ohio-while-other-republicans-say-to-wait/ . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . WKBN.
    88. Web site: Smyth . Julie Carr. March 2023 . Ohio Senators J.D. Vance, Sherrod brown co-sponsor rail safety bill after fiery derailment in East Palestine . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302222626/https://www.wcpo.com/news/government/state-government/ohio-state-government-news/ohio-senators-j-d-vance-sherrod-brown-co-sponsor-rail-safety-bill-after-fiery-derailment-in-east-palestine . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . WCPO.
    89. Web site: Everett . Burgess . March 2, 2023 . How J.D. Vance made Dem friends on rail safety . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302100933/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/03/02/vance-dems-rail-safety-00085063 . March 2, 2023 . March 2, 2023 . Politico.
    90. Web site: January 31, 2023 . Ohio US Sen. JD Vance endorses Donald Trump in 2024 presidential election . July 15, 2024 . wkyc.com . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718063008/https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/politics/elections/us-sen-jd-vance-endorses-donald-trump-2024-presidential-election/95-9f410b1e-2a3e-4d9f-b31b-8e6fc87f4f46 . live .
    91. News: JD Vance was once 'never Trump'. Now he's his running mate. BBC News. Mike. Wendling. 2024. "I'm a 'never Trump' guy. I never liked him" and "My god what an idiot" and "I find him reprehensible" and "I go back and forth between thinking Trump is a cynical asshole... or that he's America's Hitler". August 8, 2024. August 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240808162633/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn07dv4mrg2o. live.
    92. Web site: Trump picks Ohio Sen. JD Vance for vice president . July 15, 2024 . NBC News . July 15, 2024 . July 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715193433/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/trump-vice-president-running-mate-pick-jd-vance-rcna157485 . live.
    93. Web site: JD Vance introduces himself as Trump's running mate and makes direct appeal to his native Rust Belt. AP News. July 17, 2024. July 17, 2024. July 17, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240717072723/https://apnews.com/article/trump-vance-rnc-2024-67880a3003a69938aebd3ac8a586dc65. live.
    94. How Tucker Carlson and Elon Musk Secretly Lobbied Trump on J.D. Vance . 2024-07-17 . The New Republic . 0028-6583 . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717053551/https://newrepublic.com/post/183888/tucker-carlson-elon-musk-secretly-lobbied-trump-jd-vance . live .
    95. News: Schleifer . Theodore . 2024-07-27 . Peter Thiel, Elated by the JD Vance Pick, Warms to Trump Again . 2024-08-20 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
    96. News: July 15, 2024 . Outside RNC, conservative group defends its Project 2025 guidebook as Democrats ramp up critiques . July 15, 2024 . . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716030547/https://apnews.com/article/rnc-republicans-heritage-foundation-project-2025-8cce6cfef6f5bdf45269146739222f80 . live.
    97. News: Dwoskin . Elizabeth . Zakrzewski . Cat . Tiku . Nitasha . Dawsey . Josh . July 28, 2024 . Inside the powerful Peter Thiel network that anointed JD Vance . The Washington Post.
    98. Elon Musk Among Tech Heavyweights to Rally Behind J.D. Vance VP Pick. Kelly. Makena. https://web.archive.org/web/20240721044029/https://www.wired.com/story/silicon-valley-elon-musk-rally-behind-vance-vp/. July 21, 2024 . Wired. July 16, 2024. July 21, 2024.
    99. Lutz . Eric . Surprise: Elon Musk Says He Isn't Actually Donating $45 Million a Month to Trump . Vanity Fair . 24 July 2024 . July 26, 2024 . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725054537/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/story/elon-musk-not-donating-45-million-a-month-to-donald-trump . live .
    100. News: Breuninger . Kevin . Trump says Elon Musk 'never told me' he would pledge $45 million a month to campaign . . 25 July 2024 . en . July 26, 2024 . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725202513/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/07/25/trump-elon-musk-45-million-campaign.html . live .
    101. Web site: May 1, 2024 . Trump to hold Ohio fundraiser with VP contender JD Vance . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240703072506/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/trump-hold-ohio-fundraiser-vp-contender-jd-vance-rcna150127 . July 3, 2024 . July 15, 2024 . NBC News.
    102. Web site: May 16, 2024 . Donald Trump was spotted at Northern Kentucky/Cincinnati airport. Why? Who was he with? . July 15, 2024 . Yahoo News . July 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240718063048/https://www.yahoo.com/news/donald-trump-spotted-northern-kentucky-140014494.html . live .
    103. News: June 20, 2024 . JD Vance VP Speculation Caps Rise From Poverty to Washington . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716082428/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-20/trump-s-vp-candidates-jd-vance-famous-for-hillbilly-elegy-on-shortlist . July 16, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . Bloomberg News.
    104. Web site: Andrew J. Tobias . cleveland com . June 23, 2024 . Ohio's JD Vance could be Donald Trump's running mate. What would happen to his Senate seat if he wins? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716065121/https://www.cleveland.com/news/2024/06/ohios-jd-vance-could-be-donald-trumps-running-mate-what-would-happen-to-his-senate-seat-if-he-wins.html . July 16, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . cleveland.
    105. News: Saul . Stephanie . JD Vance, an Unlikely Friendship and Why It Ended . July 31, 2024 . . July 29, 2024 . https://archive.today/20240730161637/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/27/us/politics/jd-vance-friend-transgender.html . July 30, 2024.
    106. News: Bradner . Eric . JD Vance's former Yale classmate and friend says emails show political transformation on 'literally every imaginable issue' . July 31, 2024 . . July 30, 2024.
    107. News: Arnsdorf . Isaac . Vance tells donors Harris change was a 'sucker punch,' at odds with campaign . July 31, 2024 . https://archive.today/20240730192941/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/07/29/jd-vance-kamala-harris-campaign/ . July 30, 2024 . . July 29, 2024.
    108. News: Mitovich . Jared . JD Vance suggests VP picks don't matter . August 4, 2024 . . August 2, 2024.
    109. News: Pengelly . Martin . 2024-07-24 . JD Vance writes foreword for Project 2025 leader's upcoming book . 2024-07-25 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
    110. Web site: Bedigan . Mike . JD Vance says it's time to 'load the muskets' in foreword on new Project 2025 book . independent.co.uk . The Independent . 20 August 2024.
    111. Web site: JD Vance slammed for 'childless cat ladies' comment . Reinstein . Julia . . July 25, 2024 . July 26, 2024 . July 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240726184515/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/jd-vance-slammed-childless-cat-ladies-comment/story?id=112272258 . live .
    112. Web site: Alund . Natalie Neysa . Vance's 'childless cat ladies' comment sparks uproar from Swift fans: 'Armageddon is coming' . 2024-07-31 . USA TODAY . en-US . August 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240818193041/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2024/07/24/taylor-swift-jd-vance-childless-cat-ladies/74525531007/ . live .
    113. Web site: 2024-07-25 . Jennifer Aniston slams JD Vance over 'childless cat ladies' comment from resurfaced interview . 2024-07-31 . NBC News . en . August 18, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240818193043/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jennifer-aniston-slams-jd-vance-childless-cat-ladies-comment-resurface-rcna163633 . live .
    114. News: July 24, 2024 . Vance's sexist comments on 'childless cat ladies' like Kamala Harris go viral again . 2024-07-31 . . en . July 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240731194348/https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/kamala-harris-jd-vance-childless-cat-lady-b2584852.html . live .
    115. News: Vance defends 'sarcastic' 'childless cat ladies' remarks amid blowback . Samuels . Brett . . July 26, 2024 . July 26, 2024 . July 26, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240726172041/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4794753-vance-childless-cat-ladies-blowback/ . live .
    116. Web site: Vance: 'Childless people' in US leadership 'more sociopathic' . Sforza . Lauren . . July 30, 2024 . July 31, 2024 . July 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240731015213/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4799959-vance-criticizes-childless-people/ . live .
    117. Web site: Vance argued for higher tax rate on childless Americans in 2021 interview . Steakin . Will . Faulders . Katherine . . July 26, 2024 . July 27, 2024 . July 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240727003633/https://abcnews.go.com/US/vance-argued-higher-tax-rate-childless-americans-2021/story?id=112284318 . live .
    118. Web site: Dore . Kate . Vance wants to raise the child tax credit to $5,000. Here's why that could be difficult . CNBC . 12 August 2024 . August 14, 2024 . August 14, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240814142730/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/08/12/jd-vance-trump-raise-child-tax-credit.html . live .
    119. Web site: Picchi . Aimee . JD Vance wants a $5,000 Child Tax Credit, or 150% more than the current CTC. Here's what to know. . CBS News . 12 August 2024.
    120. Web site: Tecotzky . Alice . Dorman . John L. . JD Vance breaks polling records in the worst way . Business Insider . 27 July 2024 . July 24, 2024 . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725064044/https://www.businessinsider.com/jd-vance-lowest-vice-president-approval-rating-republican-convention-2024-7 . live .
    121. Multiple sources:
    122. Multiple sources:
    123. Multiple sources:
    124. Web site: Kleppinger . Ben . May 22, 2017 . 'Hillbilly Elegy' author J.D. Vance speaks at Centre graduation . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716084148/https://www.amnews.com/2017/05/22/hillbilly-elegy-author-j-d-vance-speaks-at-centre-graduation/ . July 16, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . The Advocate-Messenger.
    125. News: Vance . J. D. . January 2, 2017 . Opinion Barack Obama and Me . July 16, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716001401/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/02/opinion/barack-obama-and-me.html . live .
    126. Web site: Bhatia . Shireen . July 16, 2024 . Ohio Senator JD Vance reveals Hindu wife's support for his Christian faith . July 15, 2024 . Christian Today . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717164909/https://www.christiantoday.co.in/news/ohio-senator-jd-vance-reveals-hindu-wifes-support-for-his-christian-faith.html . live .
    127. News: 2024 . Is There Something More Radical than MAGA? J.D. Vance Is Dreaming It. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240318140514/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/03/15/mr-maga-goes-to-washington-00147054 . March 18, 2024 . March 18, 2024 . Politico.
    128. Web site: June 26, 2024 . JD Vance and his wife discuss the potential of being picked for Trump's VP . July 15, 2024 . Fox & Friends . . video . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716123823/https://www.foxnews.com/video/6355707051112 . live .
    129. Web site: Meet JD Vance's Indian American Wife Usha Chilukuri . May 4, 2022 . India West Journal . July 15, 2024 . July 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240716123823/https://indiawest.com/meet-jd-vances-indian-american-wife-usha-chilukuri/ . live .
    130. News: From Yale to Newsmax, Usha Vance Has Helped J.D. Vance Chart His Path . The New York Times . November 2022 . July 15, 2024 . Bernstein . Joseph . Rosman . Katherine . July 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240715202221/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/01/style/usha-jd-vance-ohio.html . live .
    131. Web site: J.D. Vance's 3 Kids: All About Ewan, Vivek and Mirabel . July 15, 2024 . . July 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717164902/https://people.com/all-about-jd-vance-kids-8678153 . live .
    132. News: Dallas . Kelsey . September 9, 2016 . Author J.D. Vance: Faith made me believe in a hopeful future . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307150038/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/author-jd-vance-faith-made-me-believe-in-a-hopeful-future/2016/09/09/3cd46d6a-7604-11e6-be4f-3f42f2e5a49e_story.html . March 7, 2023 . May 12, 2021 . The Washington Post.
    133. Dreher . Rod . August 11, 2019 . J.D. Vance Becomes Catholic . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210210112614/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/j-d-vance-becomes-catholic/ . February 10, 2021 . August 11, 2019 . The American Conservative.
    134. Web site: Lampen . Claire . A Guide to J.D. Vance's Most Unhinged Public Statements . thecut.com . The New Yorker . 3 August 2024.
    135. J.D. Vance in Serious Trouble After Damning Project 2025 Book Foreword . The New Republic . Robert . McCoy . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725082055/https://newrepublic.com/post/184182/jd-vance-trouble-heritage-foundation-project-2025-book-foreword . July 25, 2024 . live . July 24, 2024 . 24 July 2024.

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