| James O'Neill | |
| Birth Date: | 2 February 1929 |
| Birth Place: | Renovo, Pennsylvania |
| Education: | University of Detroit University of Chicago |
| President: | Jimmy Carter |
| Office: | Acting Archivist of the United States |
| Term Start: | September 1, 1979 |
| Term End: | July 23, 1980 |
| Predecessor: | James B. Rhoads |
| Successor: | Robert M. Warner |
| Spouse: | Dorothy Collings O'Neill |
| Children: | 5 |
James Edward O'Neill (February 2, 1929 – March 6, 1987) was an American archivist who served as acting Archivist of the United States from September 1, 1979, through July 23, 1980. He was born in Renovo, Pennsylvania.[1] He was also head of the US Presidential Libraries system. He died of a heart attack on March 6, 1987.[2]