| James Brien | |
| Constituency Mp: | Essex South |
| Parliament: | Canadian |
| Predecessor: | Lewis Wigle |
| Successor: | Henry William Allan |
| Term Start: | 1887 |
| Term End: | 1891 |
| Birth Date: | February 4, 1848 |
| Birth Place: | Howard Township, Canada West |
| Death Date: | August 10, 1907 |
| Nationality: | British subject |
| Party: | Liberal Party |
| Occupation: | physician |
James Brien (February 4, 1848 — August 10, 1907) was a politician and physician. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1887 election as a Member of the Liberal Party to represent the riding of Essex South. After his federal political career, he became mayor of Essex Centre, Ontario, in 1895 for a term of eight years where he also served as a reeve and a councillor for three years. His cousin, John Wesley Brien, was also a Member of the Canadian House of Commons.