James Birchler Explained

James Birchler
Birth Place:Red Bud, Illinois[1]
Citizenship:United States
Fields:Genetics, Plant Biology, Cytology
Workplaces:Harvard University, University of Missouri
Education:Eastern Illinois University, Indiana University Bloomington
Thesis Title:"Biochemical studies on aneuploids of Zea mays L."
Thesis Url:https://iucat.iu.edu/catalog/1788352
Thesis Year:1977
Doctoral Advisor:Drew Schwartz
Known For:Gene dosage, Minichromosomes
Spouses:)-->
Partners:)-->

James A. Birchler is an American biologist who is currently Curators' Professor at University of Missouri where he studies gene dosage, polyploidy, and cytogenetics in both maize and drosophila. In 2002 he was named a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[2] and in 2011 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.[3] In 2017 he was named the SEC Professor of the Year.[4]

Early life and education

Birchler was born on a farm near Red Bud, Illinois. He attended Eastern Illinois University where he initially majored in education and was mentored by ethnobotanist Charles Arzeni. After completing his degree at EIU in 1972, ultimately majoring in biology with a minor in zoology, he moved to Indiana University Bloomington where he studied maize dosage effects using B chromosomes with Drew Schwartz, graduating in 1977.[5] Between 1978 and 1985 he worked as a postdoc studying gene dosage mechanisms in fruit flies, first at Oak Ridge National Laboratory with Ed Grell, and then at the University of California, Berkeley with Kenneth Paigen. In 1985 he was hired as an assistant professor at Harvard University, and in 1991 he moved to the University of Missouri.

Research

Birchler is known for his contributions to the study of gene dosage, dosage compensation, and gene balance using both maize (Zea mays) and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as model organisms. He is also known for his lab's contributions to maize karyotyping by "chromosome painting" or fluorescence in situ hybridization. Birchler and his lab have also leveraged this tool and maize B-A chromosomal translocations to study the function and inactivation of centromeres. Birchler's lab also developed the first engineered minichromosomes in plants, by using telomere repeat sequences to truncate B chromosomes in maize.[6] James A. Birchler also developed Fast-Flowering Mini-Maize[7] as a small, rapid-cycling model for maize.

Recognition

Notes and References

  1. Ahmed. Farooq. 2013-02-19. Profile of James A. Birchler. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. en. 110. 8. 2687–2689. 10.1073/pnas.1221539110. 0027-8424. 23345423. 3581877. 2013PNAS..110.2687A. free.
  2. Web site: James Birchler . aaas.org . May 13, 2017.
  3. Web site: James Birchler. www.nasonline.org. 2018-08-29.
  4. Web site: Missouri's James Birchler Named 2017 SEC Professor of the Year SECU. www.thesecu.com. en-US. 2018-08-29.
  5. 10.1105/tpc.19.00489. 2019. Frank. Margaret. Harkess. Alex. Washburn. Jacob. The Plant Cell. 31. 10. 2277–2280. 31266846. 6790089.
  6. Yu. Weichang. Yau. Yuan-Yeu. Birchler. James A.. 2015-09-15. Plant artificial chromosome technology and its potential application in genetic engineering. Plant Biotechnology Journal. en. 14. 5. 1175–1182. 10.1111/pbi.12466. 26369910. 1467-7644. free.
  7. McCaw. Morgan E.. Wallace. Jason G.. Albert. Patrice S.. Buckler. Edward S.. Birchler. James A.. 2016-01-01. Fast-Flowering Mini-Maize: Seed to Seed in 60 Days. Genetics. 204. 1. en. 35–42. 10.1534/genetics.116.191726. 0016-6731. 27440866. 5012399.
  8. Web site: Search Fellows - National Academy of Inventors. academyofinventors.org. en. 2018-08-29.
  9. Web site: Einstein Professorship awarded to James Birchler by Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  10. Web site: Missouri's James Birchler Named 2017 SEC Professor of the Year SECU. www.thesecu.com. en-US. 2018-08-29.
  11. Web site: MU's James Birchler will receive prestigious Barbara McClintock Prize in 2020 | Division of Biological Sciences | University of Missouri . 2020-06-13 . 2020-02-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200223121119/https://biology.missouri.edu/news/birchler-will-receive-barbara-mcclintock-prize-in-2020/ . dead.