| James Seddon | |
| Office: | 4th Confederate States Secretary of War |
| President: | Jefferson Davis |
| Term Start: | November 21, 1862 |
| Term End: | February 5, 1865 |
| Predecessor: | George Randolph |
| Successor: | John Breckinridge |
| State1: | Virginia |
| Term Start1: | March 4, 1849 |
| Term End1: | March 3, 1851 |
| Predecessor1: | John Botts |
| Successor1: | John Caskie |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1845 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1847 |
| Predecessor2: | John Jones |
| Successor2: | John Botts |
| Birth Name: | James Alexander Seddon |
| Birth Date: | 13 July 1815 |
| Birth Place: | Falmouth, Virginia, US |
| Death Place: | Goochland County, Virginia, US |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Spouse: | Sarah Bruce |
| Alma Mater: | University of Virginia |
James Alexander Seddon (July 13, 1815 - August 19, 1880) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a Representative in the United States Congress, as a member of the Democratic Party. Seddon was appointed Confederate States Secretary of War by Jefferson Davis during the American Civil War.
Due to frail health, Seddon was educated primarily at home and became self-taught as a youth. At the age of twenty-one, he entered the law school of the University of Virginia. After graduation, Seddon settled in Richmond, Virginia, establishing a successful law practice.
In 1845, the Democratic Party nominated Seddon for Congress, and he was easily elected. He was renominated two years later but declined due to platform differences with the party. In 1849, Seddon was reelected to Congress, serving from December 1849 until March 1851. Owing to poor health, he declined another nomination at the end of his term. He retired to "Sabot Hill," his plantation located along the James River above Richmond.
Seddon attended the Peace Conference of 1861 held in Washington, D.C., which attempted to devise a means of preventing the impending civil war. Later in the same year, he attended the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States. President Davis named him his fourth Secretary of War, succeeding George W. Randolph. He held this post until January 1, 1865, when he retired from public life to his plantation and was succeeded by John C. Breckinridge. His service of more than twenty-four months as Secretary made him the most durable of the five secretaries.
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