| James Abercrombie | |
| State1: | Alabama |
| District1: | 2nd |
| Term Start1: | March 4, 1851 |
| Term End1: | March 3, 1855 |
| Preceded1: | Henry Washington Hilliard |
| Succeeded1: | Eli Sims Shorter |
| Office2: | Member of the Alabama House of Representatives |
| Term2: | 1820-1822 |
| Term3: | 1824-1825 |
| Term4: | 1838-1839 |
| Office5: | Member of the Alabama Senate |
| Term5: | 1825-1833 |
| Term6: | 1847-1850 |
| Birth Date: | February 18, 1792 |
| Birth Place: | Hancock County, Georgia |
| Death Place: | Pensacola, Florida |
| Party: | Whig |
| Allegiance: | United States of America |
| Branch: | United States Army |
| Rank: | corporal |
| Unit: | Squadron of Georgia Cavalry |
| Battles: | War of 1812 |
James Abercrombie (February 18, 1792 – July 2, 1861) was an American politician and slave owner, and a United States Representative from Alabama.
Abercrombie was born in Hancock County, Georgia on February 18, 1792, son of Charles and Edwina Dicey Malinda Booth Abercrombie. He moved to Alabama in the early 1810s and settled first in Monroe County, now called Dallas County, Alabama, and then in Montgomery County, Alabama. He married Evelina Elizabeth Ross, and they had four children, James, Sarah, Jane, and Clara.He died on July 2, 1861.
During the War of 1812, Abercrombie served as a corporal in Maj. F. Freeman's Squadron of Georgia Cavalry. He studied law, and served as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1820 to 1822, 1824 to 1825, and 1838 to 1839. He was also a member of the Alabama Senate from 1825 to 1833 and 1847 to 1850.[1]
After having moved to Russell County, Alabama, in 1834, Abercrombie was elected from the Whig party to the United States House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd congressional district. He served in that capacity from March 4, 1851, to March 3, 1855.[2]
In 1859 Abercrombie moved to Florida and became engaged in supplying bricks for the government.
James Abercrombie was a slaveowner.
Abercrombie died in Pensacola, Florida on July 2, 1861 (age 69 years, 134 days), and is interred at Linwood Cemetery in Columbus, Georgia.[3]