Jalud Explained

Jalud
Translit Lang1:Arabic
Translit Lang1 Type:Arabic
Translit Lang1 Info:Arabic: جاﻟﻭﺩ
Type:Municipality type D (Village council)
Pushpin Map:West Bank#Palestine
Pushpin Map Caption:Location of Jalud within the West Bank##Location of Jalud within Palestine
Coordinates:32.0697°N 35.3158°W
Grid Name:Palestine grid
Grid Position:179/164
Subdivision Type:State
Subdivision Name:State of Palestine
Subdivision Type1:Governorate
Subdivision Name1:Nablus
Established Title:Founded
Leader Title:Head of Municipality
Leader Name:Abdullah Tawfiq
Unit Pref:dunam
Area Total Km2:16.5
Area Total Dunam:16517
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:743
Population As Of:2017
Population Density Km2:auto
Blank Name Sec1:Name meaning
Blank Info Sec1:from personal name[2]

Jalud (Arabic: جاﻟﻭﺩ) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate in the northern West Bank. It is approximately 30km (20miles) south of Nablus and is situated just east of Qaryut, south of Qusra and northeast of Shilo, an Israeli settlement. Its land area consists of 16,517 dunams (square kilometers), 98 of which constitutes its built-up area.[3] Jalud is encircled by four illegal outposts: Esh Kodesh, Adi Ad, Ahiya and Shvut Rachel.[4] Jalud residents were blocked by both IDF forces and settlers from tending most of their farms from 2001 to 2007. In 2007 permission was given to farm their groves, twice a year for a few days, on condition that prior coordinating arrangements are made with the IDF.[4]

Location

Jalud is located 17km (11miles) south of Nablus (distance from the center of the village to the city center of Nablus). It is bordered by Duma to the east, Qusra and Talfit to the north, As Sawiya and Qaryut to the west, and Turmus Ayya to the south.[5]

History

Potsherds from Iron Age II, Hellenistic, Byzantine, Umayyad, Crusader/Ayyubid and Mamluk eras have been found here.[6]

Jalud may be identical to "Galuda of Aqraba", a place mentioned in a Jewish marriage certificate of "Elijah, son of Simeon", which was discovered in a cave at Wadi Murabba'at and is dated to 123 CE.[7] [8] There's a possibility that merchants from this village had a court in Lod.[9] [10] Clermont-Ganneau noted several rock-hewn tombs SSW of the village. One he excavated had three arcosolia, and a fully working stone door.[11]

Ottoman era

In 1596, Jalud appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being a village in the nahiya of Jabal Qubal in the liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 20 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives; a total of 22,070 akçe. All of the revenues went to a waqf.[12] Potsherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.[6]

In 1838 Jalud was counted as a Muslim village in the subdistrict of el-Beitawi, east of Nablus.[13]

In 1870 French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village, which he found to have about 300 inhabitants.[14] In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, (SWP), described Jalud as "a small village on low ground, with olives to the south".[15]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jalud had a population of 145 Muslims,[16] increasing in the 1931 census to 225, still all Muslim, in 52 houses.[17]

In the 1945 statistics the population had increased to 300 Muslims,[18] while the total land area was 15,815 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 457 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 6,838 for cereals,[20] while 24 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.[21]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jalud came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 290 inhabitants.[22]

Post-1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jalud has been under Israeli occupation.

In 2017, Jalud's population was 743 according to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). There were 91 non-residential buildings, 94 houses and five business establishments in the village. The average household size was 5.5 persons.[23] According to Jalud's mayor, the village experiences high unemployment and migration due to land confiscation by Israel and sporadic violence from nearby Israeli settlements,[24] which for 10 years has impeded villagers' access to their groves.[25]

Olive groves

In her 2009 publication entitled Tree Flags, legal scholar and ethnographer Irus Braverman describes how Palestinians identify olive groves as "their symbol of their longtime agricultural connection to the land."[28] [29] [30]

Settler violence

In April 2022, Haaretz reported that Jewish settlers from the nearby illegal outposts that encircle the town promoted attacks with firebombs in Jalud, torching cars and house yards, in what the Israeli newspaper classified as a "pogrom", "flaunt evil" and "settler terror".[31]

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. February 2018 . Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 . Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) . . 64–82 . 2023-10-24.
  2. Palmer, 1881, p. 253
  3. http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=885 Land confiscated for settlement protection Qarut and Jalud Villages
  4. Amira Hass, 'Israelis attack school in Palestinian village, torch olive groves,' at Haaretz 10 October 2013
  5. https://web.archive.org/web/20170331120026/http://vprofile.arij.org/nablus/pdfs/vprofile/Qaryut_vp_en.pdf Qaryut Village Profile (including Jalud Locality)
  6. Finkelstein et al., 1997, pp. 665-666
  7. Klein, E, 2009, "Jewish Settlement in the Toparchy of Acraba during the Second Temple Period - The Archaeological Evidence", in: Y. Eshel (ed.), Judea and Samaria Research Studies, Volume 18, Ariel, pp. 177-200 (Hebrew).
  8. Book: Eshel, Hanan . Hanan Eshel . THE BAR KOKHBA REVOLT . Zissu . Boaz . Boaz Zissu . Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi . 2019 . 978-965-217-429-1 . 1 . Jerusalem . 2019 . 154–157 . English.
  9. Tosefta Eruv. 9:2
  10. Finkelstein et al., 1997, pp. 665-666, citing Ze'ev Safrai
  11. Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, p. 304
  12. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 137.
  13. Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 83, 2nd appendix p. 128
  14. Guérin, 1875, p. 19
  15. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 386
  16. Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. 25
  17. Mills, 1932, p. 62
  18. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 18
  19. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 60
  20. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 106
  21. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 156
  22. Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 25
  23. http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf 2007 PCBS census
  24. http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=417253 Armed settlers attack West Bank village
  25. [Amira Hass]
  26. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/small-farmers-struggle-worldwide-but-palestinian-farmers-really-have-it-rough/2017/03/20/903475e8-ee56-11e6-a100-fdaaf400369a_story.html Small farmers struggle worldwide, but Palestinian farmers really have it rough
  27. http://www.haaretz.com/misc/article-print-page/.premium-1.771774 A shadowy edict of Israeli occupation
  28. Planted Flags: Trees, Land, and Law in Israel/Palestine . 23 January 2015 . Yale Agrarian Studies Colloquium . Buffalo, New York . 54 . 28 September 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130131223002/http://www.yale.edu/agrarianstudies/colloqpapers/13braverman.pdf . 31 January 2013 .
  29. News: The deep roots of the Palestine-Israel conflict: Palestinians have tended olive groves for decades, but Israelis are staking a claim by planting their own trees . 23 January 2015 . Bethan . Staton . 21 January 2015 . Israel/Palestine .
  30. Book: Braverman, Irus . 2009 . Planted Flags: Trees, Land, and Law in Israel/Palestine . Cambridge University Press . 978-0521760027 .
  31. News: Settlers With Firebombs Descend on a Palestinian Village at Night, Torching Cars . en . Haaretz . 2022-04-02.

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