| Jalón | |
| Map: | Jalón.png |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | Spain |
| Length: | 224km (139miles) |
| Discharge1 Avg: | 20.8m3/s |
| Source1: | Esteras de Medinaceli |
| Source1 Location: | Medinaceli, Iberian System, Castile and León |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 41.0928°N -2.4244°W |
| Source1 Elevation: | 1192m (3,911feet) |
| Mouth: | Ebro |
| Mouth Location: | Torres de Berrellén, Zaragoza, Aragón |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 41.7775°N -1.0629°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 209m (686feet) |
| Basin Size: | 9338km2 |
| Tributaries Left: | Nágima, Henar, Manubles, Isuela |
| Tributaries Right: | Piedra, Jiloca |
| Custom Label: | River system |
| Custom Data: | Ebro |
The river Jalón (Latin: Salo) is located in the northeast of Spain, and is one of the principal tributaries of the Ebro. It has a length of 224km (139miles) and drains a basin of 9338km2. The flow rate in Calatayud is 20.8m3/s, but is highly irregular due to the great range of Mediterranean rainfall patterns.
The course of the river forms the main communication route between the Castilian Plateau and the Ebro. Until the late twentieth century, roads and railways between Madrid and Zaragoza followed this path.[1]
The Jalón rises in one of the springs at the foot of the Sierra Ministra, a hill in Esteras de Medinaceli, Medinaceli (Soria), and then runs through Arcos de Jalón, to Monreal de Ariza, province of Zaragoza, Aragón.
The tributary river Nágima joins at Monreal de Ariza and the Henar at Cetina before the river enters a limestone gorge at Alhama de Aragón. The Jalón then meanders through the Paleozoic zones of the Cordillera Ibérica near Bubierca, being joined by the Piedra and the Manubles at Ateca. At Calatayud, the river expands into a broad valley and is joined by the Jiloca, Perejiles and Ribota. The next section meanders through the Sierra de Algairén and the Sierra de la Virgen.
Once out of the mountains the river enters the Ebro valley and is joined by the rivers Aranda, Grío and Alpartir before joining the Ebro at Torres de Berrellén, a suburb of the city of Zaragoza.[2]
Much of the course of the Jalón has been declared a Special Zone for Bird Protection. Birdlife includes falcons, eagles, and vultures. Other species include owls, wrens, and herons. Poplar, willow and ash. Carp, trout and eels were economically important in the past and are returning as pollution is being combated.[2] [3] The Plan Hidrológico del río Jalón, a river management plan, was adopted by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment and the governments of Aragon, Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha in 2007.[4]
According to E. Bascuas, "Jalón" is a form belonging to the old European hydronymy, and derived from the Indoeuropean root *sal- 'flowing water, stream'.[5]