Jakob Eduard Polak Explained

Jakob Eduard Polak
Occupation:	Austrian physician
Birth Date:	12 November 1818
Birth Place:	Groß-Morzin/Mořina, Bohemia
Death Place:	Vienna

Jakob Eduard Polak (12 November 1818 – 8 October 1891) was an Austrian physician, born to a Jewish family from Bohemia, who played an important role in introducing modern medicine in Iran.^[1]

Life

Polak studied medicine in Prague and Vienna. He was one of the six Austrian teachers invited by Amir Kabir, the Persian chief minister, as the instructors of Dar ul-Fonun, the first modern higher education institution in Iran. By his own account, he entered Iran on 24 November 1851, before the inauguration of the Dar ul-Fonun.

From 1851 to 1860, he taught medicine at Dar ul-Fonun. In the beginning, he taught in French and used a translator. Soon, the incompetence of the translators motivated him to learn Persian. He learned Persian in six months, and then taught his course in Persian.^[2]

In 1885, he funded Otto Stapf, a Viennese botanist, to undertake a botanical expedition to South- and Western Persia.^[3] This led to the discovery of numerous new species of plants.

From 1855 to 1860, he served as personal physician of Naser-al-din Shah. In this capacity he was succeeded by French physician Joseph Désiré Tholozan.

Works

Polak published his Persian experiences in: "Persien, das Land und seine Bewohner; Ethnograpische Schilderungen" (Leipzig, Brockhaus, 1865), which belongs to the outstanding ethnographic works about 19th-century Iran.^[4]

His other works include:

• Bimari i vaba (Tehran: Nast’aliq, 1269 [AH]).
• “La médicine militaire en Perse. Par le docteur J. E. Polak, ancien médecin particulier du schah de Perse,” Revue scientifique et administrative des médecins des armées de terre et de mer 7, 1865
• Topographische Bemerkungen zur Karte der Umgebung und zu dem Plane von Teheran. Mittheilungen der K.K. Geographischen Gesellschaft 20. Wien, L. C. Zamarski, k.k. Hof- Buchdruckereir und Hof-Lithographie 1877.
• Beitrag zu den agrarischen Verhältnissen in Persien. Mittheilungen der K.K. Geographischen Gesellschaft 6, 1863, 107–143.
• "Farben der persischen Teppiche". In: Katalog der Ausstellung orientalischer Teppiche im K.K. Österreichischen Handelsmuseum, Vienna, 1891, 44–49.

See also

• Dar ul-Funun

Bibliography

• Afsaneh GÄCHTER: Briefe aus Persien. Jacob E. Polaks medizinische Berichte. With an English Summary and Translation of Polak's „Letters from Persia“. New Academic Press, Vienna 2013, .
• Christoph WERNER: Polak, Jakob Eduard In: Encyclopædia Iranica. 2009
• Obituary: nfp|14|10|1891|22|Dr. J. E. Polak|AUTOR=Richard von Drasche-Wartinberg]]|ZUSATZ=Abendblatt, Nr. 9746/1891|ALTSEITE=2 Mitte}}.
  • Book: Mofakham, Yashar Samimi . Yashar Samimi Mofakham . Solace of Lovers: Trost Der Liebenden . Rafiee . Tarlan . Tarlan Rafiee . Assmann . Peter . Peter Assmann . 2020 . Haymon Verlag, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsgesellschaft m.b.H . 978-3-7099-8119-1 . Innsbruck, Austria.

  Further reading

  • Gächter, A. (2015) “Medicine and Anthropology: the ‘Ambassador-Physician’ Jacob Eduard Polak (1818–1891) as a Mediator of Modernity in Iran,” in Krasnowolska, A. and Rusek-Kowalska, R. (eds) Studies on the Iranian World: Medieval and Modern. Jagiellonian University Press, pp. 329–340.

  External links

  • • Encyclopædia Iranica Website . Full-text access to the Encyclopædia as it currently exists.
  • Web site: POLAK, JAKOB EDUARD - JewishEncyclopedia.com. jewishencyclopedia.com. 2014-12-26.

Notes and References

1. Web site: POLAK, Jakob Eduard – Encyclopaedia Iranica . iranicaonline.org. 2014-12-26.
2. "Ekhtiar, Maryam, 1994, "The Dar al-Funun: Educational reform and cultural development in Qajar Iran", Ph.D Dissertation, New York University, USA."
3. http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/PHY_40_1_0089-0113.pdf Franz Speta 2000, Warum Otto STAPF (1857–1933) Wien verlassen hat. Phyton (Horn, Austria) 40/1, 89-113
4. Book: Persien: Das Land und Seine Bewohner. Ethnographische Schilderungen. Polak, J.E.. 1999. pt. 2. Adegi Graphics LLC. 9780543970770. 2014-12-26.