Chrysopelea paradisi explained

Paradise tree snake or paradise flying snake (Chrysopelea paradisi) is a species of colubrid snake found in Southeast Asia. It can, like all species of its genus Chrysopelea, glide by stretching the body into a flattened strip using its ribs. It is mostly found in moist forests and can cover a horizontal distance of 10 meters or more[1] in a glide from the top of a tree. Slow motion photography shows an undulation of the snake's body in flight while the head remains relatively stable, suggesting controlled flight. They are mildly venomous with rear fangs and also can constrict their prey, which consists of mostly lizards and bats.

Etymology

The species name paradisi comes from either the Latin "paradisus" or Greek "paradeisos", which means park. It is assumed that the holotype from 1826 was found in a park.

Taxonomy

Chrysopelea paradisi belongs to the genus Chrysopelea, which contains four other described species.[2]

Chrysopelea is one of five genera belonging to the vine snake subfamily Ahaetuliinae, of which Chrysopelea is most closely related to Dendrelaphis, as shown in the cladogram below:[3]

Distribution

It is found in Thailand, Indonesia, Brunei, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, and Singapore.

Behavior

It lives in forests and is fully arboreal, and glides between trees. It has oviparous reproduction.

Gliding

The flying snake has a unique kinematic that is different compared to other animals with gliding or flight because they are cylindrical and do not have limbs such as legs or wings.[4] Although the flying snake does not display visible characteristics that contribute to its ability to glide, there are three aspects that have been studied and found to have great positive effects on this. Their form of takeoff which is most commonly the anchored J-loop take-off,[5] once airborne their cross sectional body is shaped into a triangle,[6] and their bodies use an aerial undulation to maximize the distance traveled.[7]

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2020-06-29. Here's how flying snakes stay aloft. 2021-01-14. Science News. en-US.
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  3. Mallik . Ashok Kumar . Achyuthan . N. Srikanthan . Ganesh . Sumaithangi R. . Pal . Saunak P. . Vijayakumar . S. P. . Shanker . Kartik . 27 July 2019 . Discovery of a deeply divergent new lineage of vine snake (Colubridae: Ahaetuliinae: Proahaetulla gen. nov.) from the southern Western Ghats of Peninsular India with a revised key for Ahaetuliinae . . en . 14 . 7 . e0218851 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0218851 . 31314800 . 6636718 . 1932-6203 . 2019PLoSO..1418851M . free.
  4. Socha, J. J. (2011, August 3). Gliding flight in Chrysopelea: Turning a snake into a wing. OUP Academic. Retrieved October 28, 2022, from https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/51/6/969/616152?login=true
  5. Socha . J. J. . Becoming airborne without legs: the kinematics of take-off in a flying snake, Chrysopelea paradisi . Journal of Experimental Biology . 1 September 2006 . 209 . 17 . 3358–3369 . 10.1242/jeb.02381. 16916972 . free .
  6. Holden . D. . Socha . J. J. . Cardwell . N. D. . Vlachos . P. P. . Aerodynamics of the flying snake Chrysopelea paradisi: how a bluff body cross-sectional shape contributes to gliding performance . Journal of Experimental Biology . 29 January 2014 . 217 . 3 . 382–394 . 10.1242/jeb.090902. 24477611 . free .
  7. Socha . J. J. . A 3-D kinematic analysis of gliding in a flying snake, Chrysopelea paradisi . Journal of Experimental Biology . 15 May 2005 . 208 . 10 . 1817–1833 . 10.1242/jeb.01579. 15879063 . free .