| Pnar | |
| Also Known As: | Jaiñtia |
| Nativename: | Ka Ktien Pnar |
| Pronunciation: | pronounced as /lang=pbv/ |
| States: | India, Bangladesh |
| Ethnicity: | Pnar people |
| Speakers: | 395,124 |
| Date: | 2011 census |
| Ref: | [1] |
| Familycolor: | Austroasiatic |
| Fam2: | Khasi-Palaungic |
| Fam3: | Khasic |
| Fam4: | Khasi-Pnar-Lyngngam |
| Iso3: | pbv |
| Glotto: | pnar1238 |
| Glottorefname: | Pnar |
| Notice: | IPA |
Pnar (Ka Ktien Pnar), also known as Jaiñtia[2] is an Austroasiatic language spoken in India and Bangladesh.
Pnar has 30 phonemes: 7 vowels and 23 consonants. Other sounds listed below are phonetic realizations.[3] The sounds in brackets are phonetic realizations and the sounds in slashes are phonemes.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /pronounced as /link// | [{{IPA link|ɨ}}] | /pronounced as /link// | |
| Near-close | [{{IPA link|ɪ}}] | [{{IPA link|ʊ}}] | ||
| Close-mid | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | ||
| Mid | [{{IPA link|ə}}] | |||
| Open-mid | /pronounced as /link// | [{{IPA link|ʌ}}] | /pronounced as /link// | |
| Open | /pronounced as /link// |
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// |
| voiced | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | |||
| voiceless aspirated | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | [{{IPA link|tʃʰ}}] | /pronounced as /link// | |||
| voiced aspirated | [{{IPA link|bʱ}}] | [{{IPA link|d̪ʱ}}] | [{{IPA link|dʒʱ}}] | ||||
| Fricative | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | |||||
| Trill | /pronounced as /link// | ||||||
| Approximant | central | /pronounced as /link// | /pronounced as /link// | ||||
| Lateral | /pronounced as /link// | ||||||
Syllables in Pnar can consist of a single nucleic vowel. Maximally, they can include a complex onset of two consonants, a diphthong nucleus, and a coda consonant. A second type of syllable contains a syllabic nasal/trill/lateral immediately following the onset consonant. This syllabic consonant behaves as the rhyme. (Ring, 2012: 141–2)