| Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli | |
| Succession: | Khan of Khoy |
| Reign: | 1798–1799 |
| Death Date: | 3 September 1814 |
| Death Place: | Shaki, Shaki Khanate, Russian Empire |
| Predecessor: | Hosayn Qoli Donboli |
| Successor: | Office abolished; Incorporated into Qajar Iran |
| Succession1: | Khan of Shaki |
| Reign1: | 10 December 1806 – 3 September 1814 |
| Predecessor1: | Fath-Ali Khan |
| Successor1: | Ismail Khan Donboli |
| Dynasty: | Donboli |
Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli (Persian: جعفرقلی خان دنبلی) was the last khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1798 to 1799 and penultimate Khan of Shaki from 1806 to 1814.
He was born to either Sahbaz Khan Donboli as their second son in Khoy. He was from Donboli, a Kurdish tribe. Ahmad Khan Donboli was murdered in 1786, and Jafar Qoli had to flee the scene.
His nephew Hosayn Qoli Donboli soon regained his throne in 1786 thanks to help from Mohammad Qoli Khan Afshar of Urmia Khanate, meanwhile his father's murderers were put to death by Jafar Qoli. Hosayn Qoli had to pay an annual tribute to Mohammad Qoli because of this.[1] Soon later Askar Khan Afshar arrived in Khoy, asking for Hosayn Qoli's help to invade Urmia and rescue his brother Mirza Abolhasan. Using the opportunity to stop paying tributes, Hosayn Qoli agreed to the plan. Khoy army commanded by Jafar Qoli defeated the Urmia army near Aq Ziarat in 1788. However, Mirza Abolhasan was killed by Mohammad Qoli at the suggestion of Khodadad Khan Donboli, Khan of Tabriz, leaving the war inconclusive. Khodadad was killed by Sadeq Khan Shaqaqi the same year.
Meanwhile, Hosayn Qoli befriended Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, receiving not only Khoy but Tabriz, Ardabil and other parts of Azerbaijan as governorate in 1791. However his marriage to Ibrahim Khalil Khan's daughter raised suspicion by Agha Mohammad, he was replaced by Jafar Qoli briefly. The situation changed in 1797 again when Hosayn Qoli came to be favored by Fath Ali Khan Qajar, Jafar Qoli became a rebel and besieged Khoy with help from Yazidi and Shaqaqi tribesmen. However the death of Hosaynqoli in 1798 forced him to assume the khanate and make peace with Fath Ali.
Jafar Qoli attacked Sadiq Khan in 1798, defeated him, plundered Sarab and forced him to flee to Mughan. During his reign, Donboli tribe numbered 12.000 families. Later he rose up against Fath Ali in 1799, but was defeated by an army sent against him under Abbas Mirza near Salmas. Jafarqoli had to flee to Erivan Khanate and submit to Russians. In June 1804, at the head of his cavalry, as part of the Russian troops, he participated in the siege of Erivan. In July of the same year, he accepted Russian citizenship. On 10 December 1806, Emperor Alexander I approved Jafar Qoli Khan as the new khan of Shaki and promoted him to the rank of lieutenant general. He was presented with the Imperial Certificate and a banner with the state emblem of Russia. A diamond feather, a saber decorated with precious stones and a gold medal sprinkled with diamonds were also awarded. During the Russian-Iranian war of 1804-1813, Jafar Quli Khan fought as a member of the Russian army and was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 1st degree.
He died on 3 September 1814 from malaria. The descendants of Jafar Qoli Khan bore the surname Khoyski.
He had at least three wives with numerous issues:
He is the ancestor of several officials of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, such as Adil Khan Ziyadkhanov and Ismayil Khan Ziyadkhanov (both served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs), Fatali Khan Khoyski (Prime Minister of Azerbaijan), Rustam Khan Khoyski (Minister of Social Security), Huseyngulu Khan Khoyski (Deputy of Ganja Governorate), Amiraslan Khan Khoyski (governor of Qazax) and poet Gamar Sheyda.
. Bournoutian . George . George Bournoutian . From the Kur to the Aras: A Military History of Russia's Move into the South Caucasus and the First Russo-Iranian War, 1801–1813 . 2021 . . 978-90-04-44515-4.