Jadoon Explained

Languages:Pashto, Hindko
Religions:Islam 20x20px
Related Groups:PashtunsHazarewal

The Jadoon, also known as Gadun[1] or Jadun (Pushto; Pashto: ږدون،ګدون،سدون،زدون; Hindko: جدون) are a Pashtun tribe residing mostly in the Hazara and Kohistan regions as well as in the Swabi district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Some members of the tribe also live in Nangarhar and Kunar in Afghanistan.[2] [3] [4]

History

A small section of Jadoon tribeusing the ethnonym Gadunspeak Pashto but the larger group living in the Hazara region has been assimilated into the Hindkowan Hazarewal community and speaks Hindko.[1] Sir Olaf Caroe, a British Raj-era administrator of NWFP, counts Jadoon tribe under Panni sub-divison in the genealogy of the Gharghasht in his book The Pathans.[5] According to the historian I︠U︡riĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ (Yuri V. Gankovsky), professor of Pakistan Studies at Institute of Oriental Studies in Moscow, the Jadoons were a tribe of Indo-Aryan origin that were assimilated by the Kakar.[6]

Sakhi Jan Jadoon was a Pashtun leader of the Jadoon tribe, born in 1790 and died in the Battle of Attock in 1831. Along with Syed Ahmad Barelvi, Sakhi Jan Jadoon partook in the freedom fighting efforts against the Sikh Khalsa regime and is known as a brave fighter among the Pashtuns of Swabi, Abbottabad, Haripur and the Gadoon area.

Genetics

Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, Yousafzai, Sayyid, Gujaran and Tanoli men living in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men have predominantly East Asian origin paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of Han Chinese. 82.5% of Jadoon men carrying Q-MEH2 and O3-M122 which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid (Syed) population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gujars and Yousafzais. There appears to be founder affect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon.[7] 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gujars and 2.82% of Yousafzais carry O3-M122.[8] [9]

56.25% of Jadoons in another test carried West Eurasian maternal Haplogroup H (mtDNA).[10] Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the regions like Yousufzais and Sayyids.[11]

People

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Hemphill . Brian E. . 2023 . Population Dynamics among Ethnic Groups Residing in Hazarewal and Chitral-Gilgit-Baltistan . Ancient Pakistan . en . . 34 . 29–79 . 2708-4590.
  2. Book: Bergen . Peter . Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion . Tiedemann . Katherine . 2013-01-04 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-998677-4 . 220 . en.
  3. Book: Steinberg, S. . The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1954 . 2016-12-29 . Springer . 978-0-230-27083-1 . 210 . en.
  4. Book: Hille, Charlotte . Clans and Democratization: Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq . 2020-05-06 . BRILL . 978-90-04-41548-5 . en. 247.
  5. Caroe, Olaf (1958) The Pathans: 550 B.C. – A.D. 1957. Macmillan & Co. p. 19.
  6. Book: Gankovsky, Yuri Vladimirovich. The Peoples of Pakistan: An Ethnic History . 1971 . 135. Moscow . Gavrilov, Igor. Nauka, Central Department of Oriental literature. 978-9699988-32-5 . 201120.
  7. Tariq . Muhammad . Ahmad . Habib . Hemphill . Brian E. . Farooq . Umar . Schurr . Theodore G.. 2022 . Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Scientific Reports . 12 . 1027 . 1027 . 10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3. 35046511 . 8770644 .
  8. Tariq . Muhammad . 2017 . Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis. This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan. 1–229. Hazara University, Mansehra . 13737 .
  9. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf
  10. Akbae . N.. Ahmad . H. . Nadeem . M.S. . Hemphill . B.E. . Muhammad. K. . Ahmad. W. . Ilyas. M. . June 24, 2016 . HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan . Genetics and Molecular Research . 15 . 2. Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan. 1–10 . 10.4238/gmr.15027167.
  11. Zubair. Muhammad . Ahmad. Habib . Hemphill . Brian E. . Tariq4. Muhammad . Shah . Muzafar . 25 March 2021 . Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology. Pakistan Journal of Zoology . 53. 3. Zoological Society of Pakistan. 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941. free.

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