Jadgal people explained

Group:Jadgal
Region1:
Pop1:100,000
Pop2:25,000
Languages:Jadgali and Balochi (Makrani dialect)[1]
Religions:Islam
Related:Sindhis
Native Name:Nummaṛ
نماڑ
الزيغآلي
Native Name Lang:jdg

The Jadgal (also known as Nummaṛ or az-Zighālī) is an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group which speaks the Jadgali language.[2] Jadgals are present in the Balochistan region of Iran and Pakistan, as well as in Oman.[3]

Etymology

The "Jadgal" is a balochi language term, made of two words Jad (Jat) and Gal (speech, organization, group), basically a group of jats. The balochs historically used the Jadgal word for indigenous Sindhis of Makran, and Jadgali for their language.[4]

History

See also: Sindhis. Jadgal people are often connected with the Jats of Balochistan.[5] They migrated from Sindh via Bela to Panjgur.[6] [7] [8] Anthropologist Henry Field notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the western Indian subcontinent; they subsequently migrated to Kulanch and are still found in Sindh and Balochistan.[9] the term was used to distinguish between a Sindhi and pure baloch.[10] Regardless of their origins, they are generally seen as Baloch by the society in Balochistan.

When the Arabs arrived in modern-day Sindh and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the coast of Makran where the Arab name of az-Zighālī comes from.[11] In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with the Wahhabis against the Sultanate of Oman.[12]

Demographics

Around 100,000 Jadgals live in Pakistan according to a 1998 census conducted by Pakistan.[13] In Iran, the Sardarzahi ethnic group is of Jadgal origin, claiming to be from Sindh.[14] The rest of the Jadgals number around 25,000 according to a 2008 census conducted by Iran.[11] All of the Jadgals in Iran live in the Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces.[15] [16]

Language

See also: Jadgali language and Sindhi language. Jadgal people in Balochistan speak Jadgali language, although they converse with strangers in Balochi.[17] Many linguists believe the Lasi dialect of the Lasi people may be related to Jadgali.[18]

Tribes

Notes and References

  1. Book: Butt, Allah Rakhio. Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics. August 15, 1998. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. 9789694050508 . Google Books.
  2. Book: Jahani . Carina . Korn . Agnes . Gren-Eklund . Gunilla . The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times . 2003 . Reichert . 978-3-89500-366-0 . 172 . en.
  3. Web site: Pakistan Economist . October 1975 .
  4. Book: Nicolini, Beatrice . Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799-1856 . 2004-01-01 . BRILL . 978-90-04-13780-6 . en.
  5. Web site: Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman. JE Peterson.
  6. Book: Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan . 1964 . Pakistan Herald Publications. . 30 . en . Jadgals who migrated from Sind via Bela to Panjgur..
  7. Book: Ethnology . 1969 . University of Pittsburgh . 144 . en . The Jadgāl claim to have immigrated from Sind some ten generations ago..
  8. Book: Adamec, Ludwig W. . Historical Gazetteer of Iran: Zahidan and southeastern Iran . 1976 . Akad. Dr.- u. Verlag-Anst. . 978-3-201-01428-1 . 22, 282 . en . The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries..
  9. Book: Field . Henry . Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India . 1970 . University of Michigan . 197 . en . Since they appear to be a purely Indian people, it is presumed that they migrated westward. Although the name Jadgals is now confined to Kulanch, the influential Rais-Baluch are connected with them..
  10. Book: Field, Henry . Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India . 1970 . Field Research Projects . 197 . en.
  11. Barjasteh Delforooz . Behrooz . August 15, 2008 . A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan . The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference) . Wiesbaden . Reichert . 23–43 . 978-3-89500-591-6 . uu.diva-portal.org.
  12. Book: Mirzai . Behnaz A. . A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800-1929 . 16 May 2017 . University of Texas Press . 9781477311868 . 1st . Austin.
  13. Web site: ScholarlyCommons :: Home . 2023-06-30 . repository.upenn.edu.
  14. Book: Breseeg, Taj Mohammad . Baloch Nationalism: Its Origin and Development . 2004 . Royal Book Company . 978-969-407-309-5 . 106 . en.
  15. Book: Jahani . Carina . The Persian Gulf in Modern Times . Palgrave Macmillan . 2014 . 978-1-349-50380-3 . New York . 267–297 . The Baloch as an Ethnic Group in the Persian Gulf Region . 10.1057/9781137485779_11 . https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137485779_11.
  16. Web site: Documentation of the Jadgali language Endangered Languages Archive . 2024-03-11 . www.elararchive.org.
  17. Book: Spooner, Brian . 1975 . Brian J. Spooner. Nomadism in Baluchistan. Lawrence S.. Leshnik. Günther-Dietz. Sontheime . https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/1516 . Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia . en . 76 . 171–182. 3-447-01552-7. O. Harrassowitz. Wiesbaden, Germany .
  18. Web site: Glottolog 4.7 - Lasi-Jadgali . 2023-06-30 . glottolog.org.
  19. Bapat . Jyotsna . India Iran Infrastructure cooperation: Chabahar Port . the top of the pyramid are superior tribes locally dubbed as Hakom, independent influential tribes are in the middle, and other inferior weak tribes are at the bottom of the pyramid. Hakom are Khans or Sardars, which in outer Chabahar refers to Sardarzahi and Boledehi tribes. Hoot and Mir (Jadgals) are examples of independent, influential tribes..

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