| Birth Name: | Jacques Duchesne |
| Birth Date: | 21 April 1910 |
| Birth Place: | Jupille-sur-Meuse, Belgium |
| Death Place: | Lièges, Belgium |
| Occupation: | Professor |
| Employer: | University of Liège |
| Alma Mater: | Catholic University of Leuven |
| Resting Place: | Cimetière de Robermont, Liège |
| Organization: | Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres Association for the Advancement of Iranian Studies Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters |
| Awards: | Prix de la langue française (1956) Honorary doctorate from the University of Tehran (1974) |
| Notable Works: | French: Zoroastre (1948) French: La Religion de l’Iran Ancien (1962) |
| Spouse: | Marcelle Duchesne-Guillemin |
Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin (né Jacques Duchesne, born 21 April 1910 in Jupille and died 8 February 2012 in Liège) was a Belgian linguist, philologist, and orientalist who was professor at the University of Liège and specialized in ancient Iran. Duchesne-Guillemin began his teaching career with the untimely death of his collaborator and mentor at the University of Liège, Auguste Bricteux, in 1937, becoming a professor in 1943 and a full professor in 1964.[1]
With the publication of his Zoroaster (a translation of the Gāthās of the Avesta, consisting of seventeen hymns attributed to Zoroaster) in 1948, Duchesne-Guillemin became one of the major figures in the study of the Avestan language of ancient Iran.[1] At different times in his career, he lectured at Columbia University, the University of Chicago, and the University of California at Los Angeles.[2] His 1962 La Religion de l’Iran Ancien is still considered a masterpiece and the best scholarly introduction to Zoroastrianism despite the decades of subsequent developments in the scholarship of the religion.[2] His international reputation culminated in his appointment, in 1973, as editor of the series Acta Iranica.[1]
In 1974, Duchesne-Guillemin was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Tehran.[1]