Jacob's Well (Texas) Explained

thumb|300px|Jacob's Well and its surroundings.Jacob's Well is a perennial karstic spring in the Texas Hill Country flowing from the bed of Cypress Creek, located northwest of Wimberley, Texas.^{[1] [2]}

Description

The spring is located on the property of Jacob's Well Natural Area (JWNA), managed by the Hays County Parks Department. The visitor entrance for JWNA is located at 1699 Mt. Sharp Road in Wimberley, Texas.^[3] The 12feet diameter mouth of the spring serves as a popular local swimming spot. From the opening in the creek bed, Jacob's Well cave descends vertically for about 30feet, then continues downward at an angle through a series of silted chambers separated by narrow restrictions, finally reaching an average depth of 120feet. Until the modern era, the Trinity Aquifer-fed natural artesian spring gushed water from the mouth of the cave, with a measured flow in 1924 of 170USgal/s, discharging 6feet into the air.^{[4] [5]}

Due to excessive pumping to meet supply demands by Aqua Texas (a subsidiary of Essential Utilities), the level of the Trinity Aquifer has dropped, affecting the flow of water through Jacob's Well.^[6] In the modern era, what remains visible of the spring is a faint ripple on the surface of Cypress Creek. The spring ceased flowing for the first time in recorded history in 2000, again ceasing to flow in 2008,^[7] 2011, 2013 and 2022.^[8] This resulted in now ongoing measures to address local water conservation and quality. Hays County purchased 50acres of land around Jacob's Well in 2010, in an attempt to protect the spring from development. An additional thirty-one acres was transferred to the county from the neighboring Jacob's Well Natural Area (administered at the time by the Wimberley Valley Watershed Association (WVWA)), the new, eighty-acre (32 hectares) named the Westridge Tract.^{[9] [10]}

Caves and diving

The system has been explored and mapped by cave divers of the Jacob's Well Exploration Project and has been shown to consist of two principal conduits. One passageway measures approximately 4500feet from the surface with a maximum depth of 137feet, and a secondary one extends approximately 1000feet in length from the point where it diverges from the main conduit.^[11]

The cave is also an attraction for open-water divers, some of whom are inexperienced with the specialized techniques and equipment used in cave diving, which has resulted in nine fatalities at this site between 1964 and 1984 (eight men and one woman).^{[12] [13] [14] [15]}

External links

• Jacob's Well Exploration Project
• Jacob's Well Natural Area
• Hill Country Outdoor Guide: Jacob's Well Natural Area
• The Hydrology and Biology of Cypress Creek (Hays County), a Subtropical Karstic Stream in South Central Texas
• Austin American Statesman: 50 acres added to Jacob's Well
• Horseback Magazine Online: Iconic Jacob’s Well Saved From Development in Texas
• Texas Tribune: Texas Debates Who Owns Its Water
• Texas Observer: The End of the Hill Country
• Alternet: Behind Texas's Looming Crisis: Groundwater Scarcity
• Texas Living Waters Project: Jacob's Well Stops Flowing (PDF)
• The Fatal Allure of JACOB'S WELL

Notes and References

1. Dedden, John Eric. "The Hydrology and Biology of Cypress Creek (Hays County), a Subtropical Karstic Stream in South Central Texas." Texas State University-San Marcos. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/bioltad/14/
2. "Horseback Magazine Online." "Iconic Jacob’s Well Saved From Development in Texas." December 21, 2010. Web site: Iconic Jacob's Well Saved from Development in Texas | Horse Back Magazine . 2011-04-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101225055550/http://horsebackmagazine.com/hb/archives/5481 . 2010-12-25 .
3. Web site: Jacob's Well Natural Area - Hays County . www.co.hays.tx.us . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150501041507/http://www.co.hays.tx.us/jwna.aspx . 2015-05-01.
4. Dedden, John Eric. "The Hydrology and Biology of Cypress Creek (Hays County), a Subtropical Karstic Stream in South Central Texas." Texas State University-San Marcos. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/bioltad/14/
5. "Bond, Louie. "The Fatal Allure of JACOB'S WELL." 2001. http://www.visitwimberley.com/jacobswell/index.shtml
6. News: Wilder . Forrest . 23 October 2023 . 28 August 2023 . "Who’s Killing Jacob’s Well?" . . live . 2023-10-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231023093735/https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/jacobs-well-drought-water/ . 2023-10-23.
7. "Jacob's Well Stops Flowing."Web site: Archived copy . 2011-04-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111002104141/http://www.texaswatermatters.org/pdfs/news_542.pdf . 2011-10-02 .
8. Web site: Horne . Justin . Jacob's Well stops flowing due to drought, increased pumping . KSAT.com . 28 July 2022 . Graham Media Group . 28 July 2022.
9. Price, Asher. "50 acres added to Jacob's Well." "Austin American Statesman." December 20, 2010. Web site: 50 acres added to Jacob's Well . 2011-04-11 . dead . https://archive.today/20120915122031/http://www.statesman.com/news/local/50-acres-added-to-jacobs-well-1136793.html . 2012-09-15 .
10. "Horseback Magazine Online." "Iconic Jacob’s Well Saved From Development in Texas." December 21, 2010. Web site: Iconic Jacob's Well Saved from Development in Texas | Horse Back Magazine . 2011-04-11 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101225055550/http://horsebackmagazine.com/hb/archives/5481 . 2010-12-25 .
11. Web site: The Well. Jacob's Well Exploration Project . 11 February 2016.
12. Express and News. San Antonio, Texas. Page 1. 19 July 1964.
13. Harrigan, Stephan. Down in the Depths. Texas Monthly. Vol. 8. Pages 97-99 and 162-166 (1980).
14. Paris News. Paris, Texas. Page 5. 25 Nov., 1983.
15. Tipps, Jonhy. Come Dive in Jacob's Well with Me. The Texas Caver. Vol. 29. Pages 23-31 (1984). https://web.archive.org/web/20160821190456/http://www.karstportal.org/FileStorage/Texas_Caver/1984-v29-n02.pdf