John Coleridge, 1st Baron Coleridge explained

Honorific-Prefix:The Right Honourable
The Lord Coleridge
Honorific-Suffix:PC
Office:Lord Chief Justice of England
Term Start:29 November 1880
Term End:14 June 1894
Predecessor:Sir Alexander Cockburn, Bt
Successor:The Lord Russell of Killowen
Order1:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
Term Start1:November 1873
Term End1:20 November 1880
Monarch1:Queen Victoria
Predecessor1:Sir William Bovill
Successor1:Himself
as Lord Chief Justice of England
Office2:Attorney General for England
Term Start2:10 November 1871
Term End2:20 November 1873
Monarch2:Queen Victoria
Primeminister2:William Ewart Gladstone
Predecessor2:Robert Collier
Successor2:Henry James
Office3:Solicitor General for England
Term Start3:12 December 1868
Term End3:10 November 1871
Monarch3:Queen Victoria
Primeminister3:William Ewart Gladstone
Predecessor3:Sir Richard Baggallay
Successor3:Sir George Jessel
Birth Date:3 December 1820
Birth Place:Ottery St Mary, Devon
United Kingdom
Death Place:Westminster, London
United Kingdom
Birthname:John Duke Coleridge
Nationality:British
Party:Liberal
Spouse:Jane Fortescue Seymour
Amy Augusta Jackson Lawford
Father:John Taylor Coleridge
Children:Mildred Coleridge
Bernard Coleridge
Stephen Coleridge
Gilbert Coleridge
Alma Mater:Eton College
Balliol College, Oxford
Occupation:Barrister, Politician

John Duke Coleridge, 1st Baron Coleridge, PC (3 December 1820 – 14 June 1894) was an English lawyer, judge and Liberal politician. He held the posts, in turn, of Solicitor-General for England, Attorney-General for England, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and Lord Chief Justice of England.

Background and education

Coleridge was the eldest son of John Taylor Coleridge, and the great-nephew of the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, and was called to the bar in 1846.

Coleridge was a member of the Canterbury Association from 24 June 1851.[1]

Legal career

Coleridge established a successful legal practice on the western circuit. From 1853 to 1854 he held the post of secretary to the Royal Commission on the City of London.[2] In 1865 he was elected to the House of Commons for Exeter for the Liberal Party. He made a favourable impression on the leaders of his party and when the Liberals came to office in 1868 under William Ewart Gladstone, Coleridge was appointed Solicitor-General. In 1871 he was promoted to Attorney-General, a post he held until 1873. In 1871 he was also involved in the high-publicity Tichborne Case. In 1873 he was described by the Manchester-based Women's Suffrage Journal as a "firm and consistent" supporter of women's suffrage.[3]

In November 1873 Coleridge succeeded Sir William Bovill as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and in January 1874 was raised to the peerage as Baron Coleridge, of Ottery St Mary in the County of Devon.[4]

In 1875, the three English common law courts (the Court of Queen's Bench, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Court of the Exchequer) merged to become divisions of the new High Court of Justice. The head of each court (Lord Chief Justice Sir Alexander Cockburn, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas Lord Coleridge, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer Sir Fitzroy Kelly) continued in post. After the deaths of Kelly and Cockburn in 1880, the three divisions were merged into a single division, with Lord Coleridge as Lord Chief Justice of England.[5] In 1884, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.[6] Despite his health failing towards the end of his life he remained in this office until his death on 14 June 1894, aged 74, at his house in Sussex Square in Paddington.

Family

On 11 August 1846, Coleridge married Jane Fortescue Seymour, daughter of the Rev. George Turner Seymour of Freshwater, Isle of Wight, herself an accomplished artist who notably painted John Henry Newman. A short notice of her by Dean Church of St Paul's was published in The Guardian, and was reprinted in her husband's privately printed collection of poems. They had three sons and a daughter:[4]

His first wife died on 6 February 1878. He remained a widower until 13 August 1885, when he married Amy Augusta Jackson Lawford, daughter of Henry Baring Lawford, who survived him.[4]

When Coleridge's daughter Mildred went to live with the lawyer Charles Warren Adams – they married in 1885, Lord Coleridge refusing to attend the wedding – the family considered the match inappropriate. Mildred's brother Bernard wrote her a letter disparaging Adams as a fortune hunter, which prompted Adams to sue for libel. The resultant legal proceedings in November 1884 and November 1886 were highly embarrassing for Lord Coleridge, who was obliged as Lord Chief Justice to appear in the court of which he was the senior judge.[7] [8]

Leading cases and judgements

Arms

Escutcheon:Argent on a mount Vert in base an otter Proper; a chief Gules charged with a dove of the field between two crosses patée fitchée Or.
Crest:A crucifix Or rising from an otter as in the arms.
Supporters:Dexter an otter Proper, gorged with a garland of roses Gules leaved Vert, sinister a lion sable gorged as the former.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Blain, Rev. Michael . 22–23 . The Canterbury Association (1848–1852): A Study of Its Members' Connection . 2007 . Project Canterbury . Christchurch . 20 March 2013.
  2. Web site: List of commissions and officials: 1850–1859 (nos. 53–94) . Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 9 . 1984 . 2008-03-10.
  3. News: Election Intelligence . 1 December 1873 . Women's Suffrage Journal . 8 February 2018 .
  4. Web site: Cracroft's Peerage. Coleridge, Baron (UK, 1874). 19 October 2020.
  5. Web site: The Lord Burnett of Maldon. Ian Burnett, Baron Burnett of Maldon. What's in a Name? The High Court and its Divisions. judiciary.uk. 14 November 2019. 10 October 2020.
  6. Web site: APS Member History. 2021-05-21. search.amphilsoc.org.
  7. Wadlow. Christopher. December 2012. The Incredible Affair of the Secret Santa. Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice. 7. 12. 855–864. 10.1093/jiplp/jps167. free.
  8. Web site: University of Leeds. John Duke Coleridge, 1st baron Coleridge (1820–1894). 18 October 2020.
  9. Book: Debrett's Peerage . 1878.