Jadavpur Explained

Jadavpur
Settlement Type:	Neighbourhood in Kolkata(Calcutta)
Pushpin Map:	India Kolkata#India West Bengal#India
Pushpin Map Caption:	Location of Jadavpur
Demographics Type1:	Languages
Demographics1 Title1:	Official
Demographics1 Info1:	Bengali^[1] ^[2]
Demographics1 Title2:	Additional official
Demographics1 Info2:	English
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Type1:	State
Subdivision Name1:	West Bengal
Subdivision Type2:	City
Subdivision Name2:	Kolkata
Subdivision Type3:	District
Subdivision Name3:	Kolkata^[3] ^[4] ^[5]
Subdivision Type4:	Metro Station
Seat Type:	Municipal Corporation
Seat:	Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Parts Type:	KMC wards
Unit Pref:	Imperial
Elevation Ft:	36
Timezone:	IST
Utc Offset:	+5:30
Coordinates:	22.5025°N 88.3676°W
Postal Code Type:	PIN
Postal Code:	700 032, 700 092
Area Code:	+91 33
Blank1 Name Sec1:	Lok Sabha constituency
Blank1 Info Sec1:	Jadavpur
Blank2 Name Sec1:	Vidhan Sabha constituency
Blank2 Info Sec1:	Jadavpur

Jadavpur is a neighbourhood of South Kolkata in Kolkata district in West Bengal, India. Jadavpur is one of the important junctions in South Kolkata. Jadavpur University and a number of research institutes of national and international repute are located in Jadavpur.

Etymology

Jadavpur was named after Late Jadav Narayan Sarkar, zamindar of Sonarpur.

History

In 1862, "the Calcutta and South-Eastern Railway opened a line south-ward from what was then called Beliaghata Station to Port Canning."^[6] The line (now part of Sealdah South lines) passes through Jadavpur.

In 1876, Dr. Mahendra Lal Sarkar, established the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, an institution for fundamental research in basic sciences, at Jadavpur, as an entirely private effort.^{[7] [8] [9]} Sir C. V. Raman carried out ground-breaking work in the field of light scattering in this institute and it was first published by the institute in the Indian Journal of Physics.^[10] It earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics.^[11]

With donations from Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick, Brajendra Kishore Roychowdhury and others, the National Council of Education, set up the institutions at Jadavpur, in 1906, as a Swadeshi effort for the promotion of science and technology.^{[12] [13]} The Bengal Technical Institute was "initially set up at Maniktala but soon moved to what was then the quiet suburban retreat of Jadavpur. Later, this became the College of Engineering and Technology, and finally in 1955, Jadavpur University. The progress of Jadavpur University from a technical institute to a diversified university with flourishing arts and science faculties, including several centres for advanced work in various areas, is perhaps the most significant and heartening development in Kolkata’s academic life since independence."^[14]

Jadavpur is home to two research institutes, under the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research – the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, established in 1935,^[15] and the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, established in 1950.^[16]

The Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act 1980, which came into effect in 1984, extended the boundaries of Kolkata by including South Suburban, Garden Reach and Jadavpur municipalities in Kolkata.^{[17] [18]}

With the partition of Bengal in 1947, "millions of refugees poured in from erstwhile East Pakistan."^[19] In the initial stages bulk of the refugees were non-agriculturists. A few of them made their own arrangements, but "it was squatters who made the East Bengali refugees famous or infamous." Squatting (jabardakhal in Bengali) ranged from the forcible occupation of barracks to the collective take-over of private, government and waste land. "This happened as early as 1948 with middle class refugees in the Jadabpur area: first on government land and then on private property, leading to violent clashes. Having won the battle, the elated squatters named their colony ‘Bijaygarh’, the Fort of Victory." By 1949, there were 40 such colonies in Jadavpur, Kasba, Santoshpur, Garia and Behala, in the south-eastern part of the city, and 65 in the Dum Dum and Panihati zone in the north. Subsequently squatters colonies also came up along the west bank of the Hooghly and by 1950, there were 150 such colonies. "Their names – Surya Sen Nagar, Bapujinagar, Bidhanpally, Adarshanagar – reflected their creators’ memories of the past and hopes for the future." The squatters resorted to various strategies to gain legitimacy and government aid. A common practice was to invite leading personalities of Calcutta society to be the president of their refugee association. At one point of time Basanti Devi, then widow of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, was president of the Jadavpur Refugee Camp Association for a short period. The efforts of the East Bengali refugees in rebuilding their lives, virtually with their own efforts, has been spoken of as "self-rehabilitation". To take just one example of their success: by 1952, Bijaygarh boasted of four schools, one college, a market, a post office, a temple and even a hospital. No doubt, Bijaygarh was a model for others to follow.^{[20] [21]} Efforts have been made in more recent years to regularise land/property rights in the refugee colonies.^{[22] [23] [24] [25]}

Geography

Police district

Jadavpur police station is in the South Suburban division of Kolkata Police. It is located at 1, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Road, Kolkata-700032.^[26]

See also - Purba Jadavpur police station

Patuli Women police station has jurisdiction over all police districts under the jurisdiction of South Suburban Division i.e. Netaji Nagar, Jadavpur, Kasba, Regent Park, Bansdroni, Garfa and Patuli.^[26]

Jadavpur, Thakurpukur, Behala, Purba Jadavpur, Tiljala, Regent Park, Metiabruz, Nadial and Kasba police stations were transferred from South 24 Parganas to Kolkata in 2011. Except Metiabruz, all the police stations were split into two. The new police stations are Parnasree, Haridevpur, Garfa, Patuli, Survey Park, Pragati Maidan, Bansdroni and Rajabagan.^[27]

Location

Jadavpur is located at 22.5025°N 88.3676°W. It is bounded by Jodhpur Park and Dhakuria to the north, Tollygunge and Golf Green to the west, Santoshpur and Garfa to the east and Baghajatin and Garia to the south.

The Jadavpur market area is often casually referred to as the "8B" area, due to the sprawling 8B bus terminus that dominates the major crossing of the area. It is the centre of Jadavpur downtown, right across from Jadavpur University and a few hundred yards from KPC Medical College and Hospital and K.S. Roy T.B. Hospital.

Climate

Jadavpur has tropical climate much like Kolkata though the rainfall is heavier as the southern parts gets higher rainfall than the main city. The area gets flooded during the heavy monsoonal rain from June to October. The average maximum temperature is around 30 degree Celsius and average minimum temperature is around 25 degree Celsius. Annual rainfall is about 1900 mm.

Economy

Industry

• Bengal Lamp was set up in 1913. Tapan Kumar Roy and Tapash Kumar Roy were the joint managing directors. It used to produce fluorescent lights, tube lights and filament bulbs. The factory was locked out in 1989 and referred to the Bureau of Industrial and Financial Restructuring in 1990. “Initially, Bengal Lamp’s shut-down figured prominently in political discourse… but that has petered out..Bengal Lamp has faded from public memory.” There were 480 workers at the time of lock-out.^{[28] [29]}
• Sulekha Ink entered the fountain pen ink market as an alternative to imported brands and became a preferred choice throughout the country. Christened by Rabindra Nath Tagore, the company was owned by Kalyan Moitra. The company dropped its shutters in 1989. In 2005, the company sold its ‘excess’ land at Jadavpur and reorganised its factory. Two housing projects, Devaloke Heights and Devaloke Fort, and a jewellery shop of Senco Gold, has come up on Sulekha's land.^{[28] [30]}
• National Instruments Limited, a Government of India Undertaking, used to produce gauges & indicators, thermometers, surveying instruments, optical instruments and possibly was the only Indian manufacturer of mass-produced cameras (National 35 model). As it became sick, it was closed down and transferred to Jadavpur University in 2009.^{[31] [32] [33]}
• Annapurna Glass Works
• Krishna Glass Works

Markets

The Jadavpur 8B area has recently become a very popular shopping destination, having shops of almost every need. Since Bengali cuisine is almost synonymous with fish, the Jadavpur market is a major place where you will get a wide variety of fishes, specially Ilish mach (Hilsa fish), Pabda and the ever present Ruhi. Also available are sea water fishes like Pomfret and Mackerel. Vendors also offer chickens and geese; those chosen are slaughtered on the spot and usually carried home on rickshaws. It boasts of a large farmer's market, serviced by the rail line. Sukanta setu market is another busy situated in this area. It is mainly starts in morning and closes within couple of hours. The morning rush of vendors and buyers often creates traffic jam in this area.

South City Mall, the biggest shopping mall in eastern India, has been opened at Prince Anwar Shah Road since 2008. It has definitely added some more value to the residents of this region.

Transport

Jadavpur has a bus terminal named Jadavpur 8B Bus Stand.A variety of AC & Non-AC Buses depart from this terminus.It is also the hub of the famous bus named E1 which is the fastest executive bus of Kolkata connecting Howrah Station with Jadavpur

Some Other WBTC Buses are given below -

AC1 & E1 - Jadavpur - Howrah Station

S9 & AC9 - Jadavpur - Saltlake Karunamoyee

AC9B - Jadavpur - Amity University (Ecospace)

S31 & AC31 - Jadavpur - Behala

S8B/N- Jadavpur - Nabanna

D27A - Jadavpur - Habra

D27- Jadavpur - Naihati

S5A- Jadavpur - Howrah

AC43- Golfgreen - Airport - Special Service

AC50B - Jadavpur - Belur Math - occasional purposes

Jadavpur railway station is one of the busiest railway station of Sealdah South section on the Sealdah–Diamond Harbour line provides EMU Local Train facilities towards Sonarpur, Baruipur, Diamond Harbour, Lakshmikantapur, Canning, Ghutiari Sharif, Magrahat, Namkhana, Hasnabad, Barasat & Duttapukur.This railway station is under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway, Sealdah railway division.There are only 2 Platforms hereAll Sealdah bound trains arrive & depart from Platform No.1 & all Sonarpur bound trains arrive & leave from Platform No.2.

All Galloping Local Trains gives a stop here except First Down Train 34812.

Education and research

• Jadavpur University is a public state university formerly known as Bengal Technical Institute established by National Council of Education - Bengal in 1906.^[34] As per the report of the International Comparative Performance of India's Research Base it has been ranked within the top ten Indian Research Institutions. It has over 11,000 students. It offers undergraduate, post graduate and research courses in arts, science, engineering, pharmacy, education etc. It is made up of 36 departments, with 21 interdisciplinary schools, and 40 centres of study.^{[35] [36] [37]}
• Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College was established in 1950 and is affiliated with the University of Calcutta. It offers honours courses in Bengali, English, education, political science, history, philosophy, physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, microbiology, economics and accounting & finance. It also offers post-graduation in microbiology. The college owes its origin to the initiative of the inhabitants of the Refugee Colony. Uttama Sundari Dutta, the mother-in-law of late Jyotish Chandra Ray, after whom the college has been named, made a gift of Rs. 20,000 for the establishment of the college.^[38]
• Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, is a public deemed to be central university and the oldest scientific research institution in Asia, funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, and Government of West Bengal. It offers undergraduate, post-graduate courses in basic sciences, and doctoral and post-doctoral facilities. Sir C.V.Raman's work was carried forward at IACS, by Sir K.S.Krishnan and Kedareswar Banerjee.^[39]
• Indian Institute of Chemical Biology was initially established as the first non-official centre to carry out basic biomedical research and was taken over by CSIR in 1956. Amongst its achievements are the development of an oral vaccine for cholera, herbal products for controlling gastric ulcer, empirical treatment for vitiligo, diagnostic kits for malignancy and hormonal disorders, fungal enzymes of industrial importance, radiopharmaceuticals for evaluation of the functional status of renal and hepatobiliary systems and a device for early detection of Parkinson's disease.^[40]
• Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, was set up initially as Central Glass and Silicate Research Institute and was one of the earliest research institutes to be set up by CSIR in the country. The development of various types of optical glasses, in the fifties, brought CGCRI into limelight in the international arena. It was followed by development of laser glass, infra-red transmitting filters, synthetic quartz single crystal, high temperature protective enamels, high alumina ceramic seals and spacers, work in the field of optical fibre for telecommunications, sol-gel processing of glass and ceramic materials, production of glass fibre-based composites and application of ceramic materials in electronics.^[41]
• KPC Medical College and Hospital, a private medical college, established in 2006, has 150 seats (as of 2018) in the MBBS course. MCI has approved MD and MS courses. Shova Rani Nursing College offers B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing and GNM Nursing courses.^[42]
• Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray Polytechnic offers diploma level courses in engineering.^[43]
• Jadavpur Vidyapith, a Bengali-medium co-educational higher secondary school, was established within the Jadavpur University campus, in 1957. The school has around 1,500 students. It has produced many brilliant students; some of them have also been rank holders in Madhyamik Pariksha conducted by West Bengal Board of Secondary Education.^[44]
• Jadavpur High School, a Bengali-medium boys only higher secondary school, located in KMC Ward No. 96, was established in 1935. The school has arrangements for teaching in classes VI to XII.^[45]
• Jadavpur Girls High School, a Bengali-medium girls only higher secondary school, located in KMC Ward No. 93, was established in 1948. The school has arrangements for teaching in classes VI to XII.^[46]
• Jadavpur Baghajatin High School, a Bengali-medium boys only higher secondary school, located in KMC Ward No. 99, was established in 1950. The school has arrangements for teaching in classes VI to XII.^[47]
• Baghajatin Balika Vidyalaya, a Bengali-medium girls only higher secondary school located in KMC Ward No. 99, was established in 1956. The school has arrangements for teaching in classes VI to XII.^[48]
• Katjunagar Swarnamayee Vidyapith, a Bengali-medium co-educational higher secondary school located in KMC ward no. 93, was established in 1966. The school has arrangements for teaching in classes VI to XII.^[49]
• Bani Bhaban High School, a Bengali-medium boys only higher secondary school located in KMC ward no. 99, was established in 1958. The school has arrangements for teaching in classes VI to XII^[50]
• Anthelion School of Art, an ISO 9001:2015 Certified, complete ecosystem for Art, working globally - Art School (Art Classes), Art Workshops, Exhibitions, Online Gallery, Art Camps and many more. www.anthelionartschool.com

Culture

On the cultural front, Jadavpur hosts one of the major Kali Pujas in Kolkata, called Nava-Kali (nine different forms of Goddess Kali).

Healthcare

• K.S. Ray TB Hospital (earlier known as Jadavpur TB Hospital), was set up by Dr. Kumud Sankar Ray (1892-1950), at Jadavpur in 1922, with Rs. 1.6 lakhs left over for the purpose by Prabhas Chandra Ghose, a tuberculosis patient abandoned by his family. In those days tuberculosis was a highly infectious killer disease. Dr. K.S.Ray, one of the earliest TB researchers in this country, set up a small four-bed unit, the first of its kind in Bengal. In the earlier days of acute financial crisis, Surama Devi, his wife, largely did the cooking and cared for the patients. The doctor was ridiculed and criticised for his ‘mad’ project, but with time it grew to be the largest in Asia.^[51] With the discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis, in 1943, the lethal impact of the disease came down.^{[52] [53] [54]} As of 2018, it has 350 beds and is mentioned as a state government hospital.^[55]
• KPC Medical College and Hospital was set up in 2007 by a non-profit foundation sponsored by Dr. Kalipada Chaudhuri, an orthopaedic surgeon and medical entrepreneur. It has approval for setting up 750 beds.^{[56] [57]} As of 2018, it has 450 beds and is a private hospital.^[55]
• Baghajatin State General Hospital was established in 1991. It has 100 beds. There is a common complaint that health services of acceptable quality are not available in Baghajatin hospital. In a press release, issued in 2011, by activists who were protesting against the proposal for privatisation of the hospital, it was said, "the health Deptt of W.B. Govt. has been showing its total apathy and irresponsible gesture in conducting the hospital affair including its administration…"^{[55] [58]} The hospital is widely used by the local people.^{[59] [60]} It has a nursing training school.^[61]
• Bijaygarh State General Hospital has 100 beds.^[55]

External links

- there is a list of eateries in Jadavpur

Notes and References

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2. Web site: 52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India . Nclm.nic.in . . 5 July 2019 . 85 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf . 25 May 2017.
3. News: Kolkata district.
4. News: Electors Details As On 30-10-2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20130529011629/http://www.s24pgs.gov.in/election/doc/electors%20details.pdf. 29 May 2013.
5. News: KMC Wards in South 24 Parganas.
6. Chaudhuri Sukanta, The Railway Comes to Calcutta, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol. I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, page 239, Oxford University Press, .
7. Web site: Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata . dst.gov.in . 13 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140529225344/http://dst.gov.in/autonomous/iacs.htm . 29 May 2014 . dead.
8. Book: Uma Dasgupta . Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, C. 1784-1947 . 2011 . Pearson Education India . 9788131728185 .
9. Book: Bernhard Joseph Stern . Science and Society . 84 . 1978.
10. Web site: Indian Journal of Physics . springer.com . 13 March 2018.
11. Web site: Sir Venkata Raman – Biographical . Nobel Prize – Official website . 13 March 2018.
12. Book: Palit, Chittabrata . 2011 . Gupta . Uma Das . Science and modern India : an institutional history, c. 1784-1947 . Delhi . Longman Pearson Education . 851–852 . 9788131753750.
13. Web site: National Council of Education . Banglapedia . en . 13 March 2018.
14. Chaudhuri, Sukanta, "Education in Modern Calcutta", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Pages 203, 205, First published 1990, 2005 edition,
15. Web site: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology . nti.org . 13 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140419031728/http://www.nti.org/facilities/152/ . 19 April 2014 . dead.
16. Web site: About CGCRI . cgcri.res.in . 13 March 2018.
17. Web site: A walk down memory lane . About Kolkata . KMC . 13 March 2018.
18. Web site: Kolkata Municipal Corporation . Kolkata - a municipal history . KMC . 13 March 2018.
19. Chatterjee, Monideep, "Town Planning in Calcutta: Past, Present and Future", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Page 142, First published 1990, 2005 edition,
20. Chatterjee, Nilanjana, "The East Bengal Refugees: A Lesson in Survival", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, Edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Pages 72-75, First published 1990, 2005 edition,
21. 10.1017/S0026749X12000613 . The Myths Refugees Live By: Memory and history in the making of Bengali refugee identity . Modern Asian Studies . 48 . 37–76 . 2014 . Sen . Uditi . 144297665 . 11 January 2020 . 12 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190712075652/http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50191/1/Myths%20refugees%20live%20by_Final.pdf . dead .
22. Web site: The Refugee City: Partition and Kolkata's Post-colonial landscape . Bangalnama, 31 August 2009 . 13 March 2018 . 31 August 2009.
23. Dilemas of Diaspora: Partition, Refugees and the Politics of 'Home' . Pablo Bose . academia.edu . 13 March 2018 . Bose.
24. News: 4m refugees entered West Bengal after 1971 . The Times of India, 11 August 2000 . 13 March 2018.
25. News: Civic tax net on colony plots . https://web.archive.org/web/20080920012855/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080730/jsp/calcutta/story_9620602.jsp . dead . 20 September 2008 . The Telegraph . 13 March 2018.
26. Web site: Kolkata Police, South Suburban Division . Jadavpur police station . KP . 13 March 2018.
27. News: Midnight change of guard – 17 more police stations come under Lalbazar . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181555/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110901/jsp/calcutta/story_14449897.jsp . dead . 2 November 2012 . The Telegraph . 1 September 2011 . 2 April 2018.
28. Web site: Factory closures and plight of workers: A comprehensive summary of Bengal's industrial condition . Sanhati, 9 February 2009 . 29 July 2018.
29. News: Darkness shrouds Bengal Lamp familis . The Times of India . 9 May 2014 . 29 July 2018.
30. Web site: Devaloke Group . DG . 29 July 2018.
31. Web site: National Instruments Limited . india.com . 29 July 2018.
32. Web site: Through a Lens Darkly . Artslant . 29 July 2018 . 1 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180801125348/https://www.artslant.com/ind/events/show/140237-through-a-lens-darkly . dead .
33. News: Portion of National Instruments land to be given to DRDO . 29 July 2018 . Business Standard India . 17 June 2015 . Press Trust of India.
34. Web site: The National Council of Education Bengal | Home . 8 June 2020 . 8 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200608185925/http://www.ncebengal.in/ . dead .
35. Web site: Jadavpur University . JU . 19 March 2018.
36. Web site: Jadavpur University, Kolkata . collegedunia . 19 March 2018.
37. Web site: Where Big Thinkers Come to Disrupt . World University Rankings . UNSW Sydney . 19 March 2018.
38. Web site: Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College . VJRC . 19 March 2018.
39. Web site: Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science . IACS . 19 March 2018.
40. Web site: CSIR – Indian Institute of Chemical Biology . IICB . 5 March 2018.
41. Web site: CSIR – Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute . CGCRI . 5 March 2018.
42. Web site: KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur . KPCMCH . 19 March 2018.
43. Web site: Polytechnic Colleges . APC Ray Polytechnic, Kolkata . Polytechnic Colleges . 19 March 2018 . 19 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214610/http://www.polytechniccolleges.in/westbengal/kolkata-calcutta/apc-roy-polytechnic-kolkata-calcutta . dead .
44. Web site: Jadavpur Vidyapith . JV . 19 March 2018.
45. Web site: Jadavpur High School . ICBSE . 19 March 2018.
46. Web site: Jadavpur Girls High School . ICBSE . 19 March 2018.
47. Web site: Jadavpur Baghajatin High School . ICBSE . 20 March 2018.
48. Web site: Baghajatin Balika Vidyalaya School . ICBSE . 20 March 2018.
49. Web site: Katjunagar Swarnamyee Vidyapith (H.S) School . ICBSE . 20 March 2018.
50. Web site: Bani Bhaban High School . ICBSE . 20 March 2018.
51. Web site: Ray, Kumud Sankar . Banglapedia . 19 March 2018 .
52. Comroe JH Jr . Pay dirt: the story of streptomycin. Part I: from Waksman to Waksman . . 1978 . 117 . 4 . 773–781 . 417651 . 10.1164/arrd.1978.117.4.773 . 1 November 2024.
53. Kingston W . 27465970 . Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the balance of credit for discovery . Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences . 59 . 3 . 441–62 . July 2004 . 15270337 . 10.1093/jhmas/jrh091 .
54. Web site: All Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine . https://web.archive.org/web/20170609092934/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/index.html . dead . 9 June 2017 . NobelPrize.org . 21 December 2019.
55. Web site: Health and Family Welfare Department . Health Statistics -> Hospital . Government of West Bengal . 20 March 2018 . 14 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf . dead .
56. Web site: KPC Medical College . About us . KPCMC . 19 March 2018.
57. News: KPC Medical College and Hospital . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175752/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090618/jsp/careergraph/story_11124534.jsp . dead . 2 November 2012 . The Telegraph . 18 June 2009 . 19 March 2018.
58. Web site: Baghajatin State Hospital in South Kolkata – The Privatisation of Healthcare in West Bengal . Sanhati . 20 March 2018.
59. News: Kolkata: Enteric disease finally shows signs of relent . The Times of India . 18 February 2018 . 20 March 2018.
60. News: Over 650 Affected With Diarrhoea, Kolkata Civic Body Tests Water Samples . NDTV . 12 February 2018 . 20 March 2018.
61. Web site: Nursing Training School . Study Guide India . 20 March 2018.