J. David Hawkins Explained

J. David Hawkins
Birth Name:John David Hawkins
Birth Date:16 September 1945
Nationality:American
Fields:Social work
Workplaces:University of Washington
Education:Stanford University
Northwestern University
Thesis Title:Utopian values and communal social life: a comparative study of social arrangemerts in four counter culture communes established to realize participants' values
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Thesis Year:1975
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Known For:Communities That Care
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J. David Hawkins
Birth Place:United States
Nationality:American
Occupation:Sociologist, academic, and author
Awards:Lifetime Achievement Award, Division of Experimental Criminology American Society of Criminology (2014)
Joan McCord Award, American Academy of Experimental Criminology (2016)
Distinguished Career Achievement Award, Society for Social Work Research (2019)
Education:B. A.
M. A., Sociology
Ph.D., Sociology
Alma Mater:Stanford University
Workplaces:University of Washington, Seattle

J. David Hawkins (born 16 September 1945)[1] is an American sociologist, academic, and author. He is Emeritus Endowed Professor of Prevention and founding director of the Social Development Research Group in the School of Social Work at the University of Washington. His research focuses on the prevention of behavior problems in children and adolescents. He developed the Communities That Care prevention system with Richard F. Catalano.[2]

Hawkins is most known for his work on public health and criminology, primarily focusing on prevention science and risk factors. He has won several awards, including the 2012 Presidential Award from the Society for Prevention Research,[3] 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Division of Experimental Criminology at the American Society of Criminology, and 2019 Distinguished Career Achievement Award from the Society for Social Work Research.[4] He has also authored books, including Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories.[5] and Communities That Care: Building Community Engagement and Capacity to Prevent Youth Behavior Problems[6] and his work has been published in academic journals, such as JAMA Pediatrics[7] and Psychological Bulletin.[8]

Hawkins is an elected fellow of the American Society of Criminology, Academy of Experimental Criminology, Society for Prevention Research, American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare, and Society for Social Work Research, as well as an elected member of the Washington State Academy of Sciences.[9]

Education

Hawkins earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from Stanford University in 1967. He went on to pursue a Master of Arts in Sociology from Northwestern University, which he completed in 1969. Subsequently, he obtained his Ph.D. in Sociology from the same institution in 1975.[2]

Career

Hawkins began his academic career in 1976 by joining the University of Washington, Seattle where he held various appointments spanning different departments and positions including serving as a Research Assistant Professor at the School of Social Work from 1976 to 1980. This was followed by an appointment as an Assistant Professor from 1980 to 1983. Subsequently, he served as an Associate Professor within the same school between 1983 and 1987, and as a Professor from 1987 to 2000. Between 2000 and 2017, he served as the Endowed Professor of Prevention at the School of Social Work while concurrently serving as an Adjunct Professor at the College of Education and at the Department of Sociology from 2003 to 2017. As of 2017, he is the Emeritus Endowed Professor of Prevention at the School of Social Work at the University of Washington, Seattle.[2]

Between 1980 and 1984, he served as the co-director of National Center for the Assessment of Delinquent Behavior and Its Prevention followed by an appointment as the Director of the Center for Social Welfare Research from 1984 to 1988. He was the founding Director of the Social Development Research Group from 1988 to 2004.[2]

Research

Hawkins' criminology research has won him the 2016 Joan McCord Award from the American Academy of Experimental Criminology,[10] and the 1999 August Vollmer Award for Outstanding Contributions to Criminal Justice from the American Society of Criminology. He has authored numerous publications spanning the areas of crime and delinquency, social problems and social policy, and adolescent development including books and articles in peer-reviewed journals.[11]

Risk and protective factors

Hawkins' research has contributed to the understanding of risk and protective factors related to substance abuse, drugs, and alcohol, and delinquency, informing prevention,[12] treatment, and policy efforts.[13] Focusing his research efforts on the topic of adolescent alcohol and drug abuse prevention, his early research proposed a risk-focused approach involving identifying factors that increase the likelihood of substance abuse, understanding successful approaches to addressing these risk factors, and implementing these approaches in controlled studies with suitable high-risk and general population groups.[8] In the early 2000s, he developed a self-reporting survey instrument to assess risk and protective factors as well as drug use and delinquent behaviors, across different environments,[14] and conducted cross-national investigations on youth substance use in the Netherlands and the United States, demonstrating similar influences of risk and protective factors on youth behavioral outcomes despite varying policy approaches.[15] He examined community-level factors in substance abuse prevention efforts,[16] [17] and conducted several surveys,[18] [19] suggesting that community-level prevention planning, informed by epidemiological data on community, school, and family risk and protective factors, can effectively reduce adolescent substance use by targeting areas of elevated risk and low protection with tested community-based preventive interventions.[20] His investigation of gender differences in the association between risk and protective factors and self-reported serious delinquency revealed that boys' higher engagement in serious delinquency results from their exposure to increased risk and decreased protection, compared to girls.[21] In his evaluation of the correlation between risk and protective factors in relation to problem behaviors including alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and antisocial behavior during adolescence, his study established that implementing preventive strategies that target factors influencing the likelihood of externalizing issues can also effectively reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents.[22] His work in 2019 explored the connection between risk and protective factors and delinquency, substance use, and risky sexual behavior, revealing significant associations between various community, school, family, peer, and individual factors and behavior outcomes as well as between protective factors from family, school, peer, and individual spheres and behavior outcomes.[23]

Preventive intervention studies

With Richard Catalano, Hawkins co-authored the social development model, a theory of social and antisocial development.[24] His preventive intervention studies have led to the development of effective and equitable preventive interventions[25] that promote social well-being[26] [27] and address the root causes of social problems. His preventive interventions include the parenting programs Guiding Good Choices, Supporting School Success, and Staying Connected with Your Teen; the school-based program, Raising Healthy Children; and the community prevention system, Communities That Care.

Hawkins’ preventive parenting curriculum to combat adolescent substance use,[28] now called Guiding Good Choices highlights the importance of proactive communication within families, decreased negative family interaction, and improved observable parent-child relationship quality.[29] He examined the long term effects of the Raising Healthy Children school based preventive intervention involving parents and teachers in the Seattle Social Development Project. He found that the intervention delivered when participants were in grades 1 through 6 positively impacted various aspects of early adulthood, encompassing academic,[30] and occupational performance, emotional and mental well-being, as well as displaying effects in reducing crime and substance use by the age of 21.[31] His evaluation of the long-term effects of the social development intervention found that it had a positive impact on mental well-being, education, sexual health, and economic accomplishments, which persisted through age 39.[32] An assessment of the long-term effects of the Raising Healthy Children intervention also found that it enhanced not only future adult performance but also the well-being of participants' children, reducing the prevalence of developmental delays and adolescent drug use and increasing their academic, cognitive and social and emotional skills as rated by teachers unaware of their parent's involvement in the Seattle Social Development Project.[33]

Hawkins and his colleague, Richard F. Catalano, developed the Communities That Care prevention system and tested it in a community randomized field experiment involving over 4000 participants followed from grade 5 through age 23 from 24 communities across seven states.[34] He found that the CTC alliances maintained a high level of fidelity in implementing the CTC system even 20 months after the study's support for the intervention was withdrawn.[35] The experiment found significant population-level reductions in the initiation of drug use and antisocial behaviors that persisted through age 23.[36]

Youth development

Hawkins' research has included a focus on the factors that influence positive youth development. His examination of youth development programs in the United States,[37] elucidated the shift in approach from a singular problem-focused perspective to an emphasis on factors that impacted both positive and problem youth development.[38] In related research, he assessed the importance of combining the 'prevention science' and 'positive youth development' approaches, highlighting the need to prioritize risk and protection in preventing adolescent behavior problems and promoting positive youth development.[39]

Awards and honors

Bibliography

Books

Selected articles

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hawkins, J. David – LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress, from LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress). The Library of. Congress. id.loc.gov.
  2. Web site: J. David Hawkins | School of Social Work. socialwork.uw.edu.
  3. Web site: Society for Prevention Research » 2012 AWARDS PRESENTATION. www.preventionresearch.org.
  4. Web site: Distinguished Career Achievement Award – SSWR Awards.
  5. Web site: Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories – University of Macau.
  6. Web site: Communities That Care: Building Community Engagement and Capacity to Prevent Youth Behavior Problems – Zayed University Library.
  7. Youth problem behaviors 8 years after implementing the communities that care prevention system: a community-randomized trial. J. David. Hawkins. Sabrina. Oesterle. Eric C.. Brown. Robert D.. Abbott. Richard F.. Catalano. February 12, 2014. JAMA Pediatrics. 168. 2. 122–129. 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4009. 24322060. 3946405.
  8. Web site: APA PsycNet. psycnet.apa.org.
  9. Web site: New Members Press Release. Donna. Gerardi.
  10. Web site: Annual Report: 2016 – 2017 – Division of Experimental Criminology.
  11. Web site: J. David Hawkins. scholar.google.com.
  12. Web site: Prevention of substance use and substance use disorders: The role of risk and protective factors | Request PDF.
  13. Web site: Policy Recommendations for Meeting the Grand Challenge to Ensure Healthy Development for All Youth.
  14. Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors. The Communities That Care Youth Survey. Michael W.. Arthur. J. David. Hawkins. John A.. Pollard. Richard F.. Catalano. A. J.. Baglioni. December 12, 2002. Evaluation Review. 26. 6. 575–601. PubMed. 10.1177/0193841X0202600601. 12465571. 143737318 .
  15. A cross-national comparison of risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: the United States and Australia. Jennifer M.. Beyers. John W.. Toumbourou. Richard F.. Catalano. Michael W.. Arthur. J. David. Hawkins. July 12, 2004. The Journal of Adolescent Health. 35. 1. 3–16. PubMed. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.08.015. 15193569.
  16. Community-level Effects of Individual and Peer Risk and Protective Factors on Adolescent Substance Use – PMC. 2011 . 3748622 . Egan . E. A. . Van Horn . M. L. . Monahan . K. C. . Arthur . M. W. . Hawkins . J. D. . Journal of Community Psychology . 39 . 4 . 478–498 . 10.1002/jcop.20437 . 23976800 .
  17. Community variation in risk and protective factors and substance use outcomes. J. David. Hawkins. M. Lee. Van Horn. Michael W.. Arthur. December 12, 2004. Prevention Science. 5. 4. 213–220. PubMed. 10.1023/b:prev.0000045355.53137.45. 15566047. 41899204 .
  18. Predictive validity of established cut points for risk and protective factor scales from the communities that care youth survey. John S.. Briney. Eric C.. Brown. J. David. Hawkins. Michael W.. Arthur. December 12, 2012. The Journal of Primary Prevention. 33. 5–6. 249–258. 10.1007/s10935-012-0280-1. 23143070. 3531995.
  19. Measuring risk and protection in communities using the Communities That Care Youth Survey. Michael W.. Arthur. John S.. Briney. J. David. Hawkins. Robert D.. Abbott. Blair L.. Brooke-Weiss. Richard F.. Catalano. May 12, 2007. Evaluation and Program Planning. 30. 2. 197–211. PubMed. 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2007.01.009. 17689325.
  20. Using community and family risk and protective factors for community-based prevention planning. Abigail A.. Fagan. M. Lee. Van Horn. J. David. Hawkins. Michael. Arthur. May 12, 2007. Journal of Community Psychology. 35. 4. 535–555. CrossRef. 10.1002/jcop.20163.
  21. Gender similarities and differences in the association between risk and protective factors and self-reported serious delinquency. Abigail A.. Fagan. M. Lee. Van Horn. J. David. Hawkins. Michael W.. Arthur. June 12, 2007. Prevention Science. 8. 2. 115–124. PubMed. 10.1007/s11121-006-0062-1. 17226092. 2909064 .
  22. The Relation Between Risk and Protective Factors for Problem Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms, Antisocial Behavior, and Alcohol Use in Adolescence – PMC. 2014 . 4791062 . Monahan . K. C. . Oesterle . S. . Rhew . I. . Hawkins . J. D. . Journal of Community Psychology . 42 . 5 . 621–638 . 10.1002/jcop.21642 . 26985122 .
  23. Optimizing Assessment of Risk and Protection for Diverse Adolescent Outcomes: Do Risk and Protective Factors for Delinquency and Substance Use Also Predict Risky Sexual Behavior?. Christopher M.. Fleming. Nicole. Eisenberg. Richard F.. Catalano. Rick. Kosterman. Christopher. Cambron. J.. David Hawkins. Tim. Hobbs. Ilene. Berman. Tammi. Fleming. Jessie. Watrous. July 1, 2019. Prevention Science. 20. 5. 788–799. Springer Link. 10.1007/s11121-019-0987-9. 30645734 . 58010312 .
  24. Web site: APA PsycNet. psycnet.apa.org.
  25. Measuring effects of a skills training intervention for drug abusers. J. D.. Hawkins. R. F.. Catalano. E. A.. Wells. October 12, 1986. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 54. 5. 661–664. PubMed. 10.1037/0022-006x.54.5.661. 3771883.
  26. Effects of a Skills Training Intervention With Juvenile Delinquents. J. David. Hawkins. Jeffrey M.. Jenson. Richard F.. Catalano. Elizabeth A.. Wells. April 12, 1991. Research on Social Work Practice. 1. 2. 107–121. CrossRef. 10.1177/104973159100100201. 144067686 .
  27. Preventing school failure, drug use, and delinquency among low-income children: long-term intervention in elementary schools. J.. O'Donnell. J. D.. Hawkins. R. F.. Catalano. R. D.. Abbott. L. E.. Day. January 12, 1995. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 65. 1. 87–100. PubMed. 10.1037/h0079598. 7733220.
  28. Web site: A Universal Intervention for the Prevention of Substance Abuse: Preparing for the Drug-Free Years – NIDA.
  29. Effects of a preventive parent-training intervention on observed family interactions: proximal outcomes from preparing for the drug free years. Rick. Kosterman. J. David. Hawkins. Richard. Spoth. Kevin P.. Haggerty. Kangmin. Zhu. July 12, 1997. Journal of Community Psychology. 25. 4. 337–352. CrossRef. 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199707)25:4<337::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-R.
  30. Long-Term Effects of the Seattle Social Development Intervention on School Bonding Trajectories – PMC. 2001 . 2040120 . Hawkins . J. D. . Guo . J. . Hill . K. G. . Battin-Pearson . S. . Abbott . R. D. . Applied Developmental Science . 5 . 4 . 225–236 . 10.1207/S1532480XADS0504_04 . 17955057 .
  31. Promoting positive adult functioning through social development intervention in childhood: long-term effects from the Seattle Social Development Project. J. David. Hawkins. Rick. Kosterman. Richard F.. Catalano. Karl G.. Hill. Robert D.. Abbott. January 12, 2005. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 159. 1. 25–31. 10.1001/archpedi.159.1.25. 15630054. free.
  32. Effects of Social Development Intervention in Childhood on Adult Life at Ages 30 to 39. Rick. Kosterman. J. David. Hawkins. Karl G.. Hill. Jennifer A.. Bailey. Richard F.. Catalano. Robert D.. Abbott. October 12, 2019. Prevention Science. 20. 7. 986–995. 10.1007/s11121-019-01023-3. 31152329. 6722016.
  33. Outcomes of Childhood Preventive Intervention Across 2 Generations: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. Karl G.. Hill. Jennifer A.. Bailey. Christine M.. Steeger. J. David. Hawkins. Richard F.. Catalano. Rick. Kosterman. Marina. Epstein. Robert D.. Abbott. August 1, 2020. JAMA Pediatrics. 174. 8. 764–771. 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1310. 32511669. 7281355.
  34. Testing Communities That Care: The Rationale, Design and Behavioral Baseline Equivalence of the Community Youth Development Study – PMC. 2008 . 2562862 . Hawkins . J. D. . Catalano . R. F. . Arthur . M. W. . Egan . E. . Brown . E. C. . Abbott . R. D. . Murray . D. M. . Prevention Science . 9 . 3 . 178–190 . 10.1007/s11121-008-0092-y . 18516681 .
  35. Implementation of the Communities That Care Prevention System by Coalitions in the Community Youth Development Study. March 12, 2010. Journal of Community Psychology. 38. 2. 245–258. 10.1002/jcop.20362. 22199409. 3244354 . Arthur . Michael W. . Hawkins . J. David . Brown . Eric C. . Briney . John S. . Oesterle . Sabrina . Abbott . Robert D. . Abbott . R. D. .
  36. Long-term Impacts and Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Communities That Care Prevention System at Age 23, 12 Years After Baseline. Margaret R.. Kuklinski. Sabrina. Oesterle. John S.. Briney. J. David. Hawkins. May 12, 2021. Prevention Science. 22. 4. 452–463. 10.1007/s11121-021-01218-7. 33837890. 8375313.
  37. Book: Toumbourou, Richard F. Catalano, J. David Hawkins, John W.. Handbook of Moral and Character Education. Positive Youth Development in the United States: History, Efficacy, and Links to Moral and Character Education . July 12, 2008. 475–499 . Routledge. 10.4324/9780203931431-33. 9780203931431 .
  38. Positive Youth Development in the United States: Research Findings on Evaluations of Positive Youth Development Programs. Catalano, Richard F.. M. Lisa Berglund. Jean A. M. Ryan. Heather S. Lonczak. Hawkins, J. David. 2004. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 591. 98–124. 10.1177/0002716203260102 . 4127638 . 146314685 . JSTOR.
  39. Prevention science and positive youth development: competitive or cooperative frameworks?. Richard F.. Catalano. J. David. Hawkins. M. Lisa. Berglund. John A.. Pollard. Michael W.. Arthur. December 12, 2002. The Journal of Adolescent Health. 31. 6 Suppl. 230–239. PubMed. 10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00496-2. 12470920.
  40. Web site: The Paul Tappan Award – Western Society of Criminology.
  41. Web site: CASEL Awards. CASEL.

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