| Jean-Baptiste Auguste Étienne Charcot | |||||||||
| Birth Place: | Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | ||||||||
| Death Place: | at sea, off Iceland | ||||||||
| Nationality: | French | ||||||||
| Occupation: | Polar explorer, medical doctor, Olympian, scientist | ||||||||
| Known For: | his polar explorations | ||||||||
| Spouse: | Jeanne Hugo (1896–1905; div.) | ||||||||
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Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot,[1] [2] (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist. His father was the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893).As a sportsman, he was French rugby XV champion in 1896 and also won a double silver medal in sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
Jean-Baptiste Charcot was appointed leader of the French Antarctic Expedition with the ship Français exploring the west coast of Graham Land from 1904 until 1907. The expedition reached Adelaide Island in 1905 and took pictures of the Palmer Archipelago and Loubet Coast. From 1908 until 1910, another expedition followed with the ship Pourquoi Pas ?, exploring the Bellingshausen Sea and the Amundsen Sea and discovering Loubet Land, Marguerite Bay, Mount Boland and Charcot Island, which was named after his father, Jean-Martin Charcot.[3] He named Hugo Island after Victor Hugo, the grandfather of his wife, Jeanne Hugo.
Later on, Jean-Baptiste Charcot explored Rockall in 1921 and Eastern Greenland and Svalbard from 1925 until 1936. He died when Pourquoi-Pas ? was wrecked in a storm off the coast of Iceland in 1936.
Charcot participated in many sports. He won two silver medals in sailing at the Summer Olympics of 1900.[4] [5]
A monument to Charcot was created in Reykjavík, Iceland by sculptor Einar Jónsson in 1936 and another by Ríkarður Jónsson in 1952.
Charcot has had various places and things named after him: