Ivan Zalkind Explained

Ivan Abramovich Zalkind (; 1 May[1] 1885 in Saint Petersburg,[2] Russia – 27 November 1928 in Leningrad,[3] Soviet Union), also known as Ivan Artamonov, was a Jewish[4] Soviet diplomat. Originally a biologist who got his doctorate from the Sorbonne in Paris, Zalkind took part in the October Revolution on the side of Leon Trotsky. When Trotsky 1917 became People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs (de facto: Soviet foreign minister), he made Zalkind his first deputy (de facto: Permanent Under Secretary of State or Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs).[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] When Trotsky resigned as foreign minister (because of the peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk), Zalkind was sent as plenipotentiary and consul to Switzerland[10] [11] [12] [13] (Zürich, 1918), Turkey (Istanbul, 1922), Latvia (Liepāja, 1923) and Italy (Genoa, 1924, and Milan, 1925). Back in the Soviet Union, after Trotsky's downfall he was expelled from the Communist party and shot himself.

Sources

  1. [Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland]
  2. Ирошников М.П., Чубарьян А.О.: Тайное становится явным
  3. Архив Александра Н. Яковлева - Альманах "Россия. ХХ век" - Биографический словарь: Залкинд, Иван Абрамович
  4. Web site: Jewish Encyclopedia of Russia Surnames starting with the letter Z. 2023-08-26.
  5. Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1. Начало саботажа
  6. [John Reed (journalist)|John Reed]
  7. Михайловский, Георгий Николаевич: Записки. Из истории российского внешнеполитического ведомства, 1914–1920 гг. Книга 1. Троцкий в министерстве
  8. [Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs]
  9. [Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn|Alexander I. Solschenizyn]
  10. David W. McFadden: Alternative Paths - Soviets and Americans, 1917–1920, p. 107. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993
  11. Ludmila Thomas, Viktor Knoll: Zwischen Tradition und Revolution - Determinanten und Strukturen sowjetischer Aussenpolitik 1917–1941, pp. 229–232. Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2000
  12. [Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland]
  13. [Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland]

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