| Valdai Discussion Club | |
| Type: | Think tank |
| Successors: | --> |
| Founded: | 2004 |
| Founders: | --> |
| Hq Location City: | Moscow |
| Hq Location Country: | Russia |
| Key People: | Andrey Bystritskiy Nadezhda Lavrentieva [1] |
The Valdai Discussion Club is a Moscow-based think tank[2] and discussion forum. It was established in 2004 and is named after Lake Valdai, which is located close to Veliky Novgorod, where the Club’s first meeting took place. In 2014, the management of the Club was transferred to the Valdai Club Foundation, established in 2011 by the Council on Foreign and Defence Policy, the Russian International Affairs Council, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and the Higher School of Economics.[3]
The 2004 Valdai conference was attended by Russian President Vladimir Putin.[4] [5] Among many other Russian Government officials attending Valdai meetings are Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister and former President; Sergey Ivanov, former Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office; Sergey Lavrov, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Sergey Shoygu, Minister of Defence.[6]
The Club also operates regional programmes – Asian,[7] Mid-Eastern [8] and Euro-Atlantic Dialogues.[9] It holds a special session at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum[10] and the Eastern Economic Forum. Stanislav Zas, Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization spoke at Valdai in February 2022.[11]
Daniel W. Drezner, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, described Valdai as "a swanky high-level conference put on by the Russian elite" and "the highest-profile Russian equivalent to Davos (minus the corporate presence)".[12] Drezner also wrote that the chief value to attendees is the ability to determine the official line of the Russian government, although attendance also risks "greater legitimacy on a government that has been accused of some less-than-legitimate activities as of late." Nikolay Petrov of the Carnegie Moscow Center identified Valdai as "a project used as blatant propaganda by the Kremlin" while Russian sociologist Lilia Shevtsova criticized the Valdai conferences in an article entitled "Putin's Useful Idiots."[13] Marcel H. Van Herpen wrote that Valdai was a soft power effort by the Kremlin in service of Russian foreign policy goals, with Russian leadership using the conference in a bid to gain goodwill among Western intellectuals, create networking opportunities between Russian and Western elites, and "create a testing ground for the Kremlin's foreign policy initiatives."[14] Angus Roxburgh wrote that RIA Novosti was important to the establishment of Valdai during Putin's second term, and that the conference plays a key role in the Russian government's effort to burnish Putin's image and influence outsiders. Nikolay Petrov also wrote that the club has increasingly become a "propaganda tool."[15] British journalist Angus Roxburgh described it as part of the Russian propaganda effort.
According to the Institute for the Study of War, in 2023, one of Valdai's contributors, Konstantin Zatulin, stated that Russia had failed to achieve any of its major goals during the Russo-Ukrainian War. These he listed as "denazification, demilitarization, the neutrality of Ukraine, and the protection of the inhabitants of the Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics". He said that these goals "have ceased to hold actual meaning" and suggested that Russian forces should have been more aggressive in efforts to push Ukrainian forces back from the borders of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts.[16]
The Valdai Discussion Club Foundation has been sanctioned in connection with Russia's aggression against Ukraine, by Ukraine and by Canada.[17] [18] [19]
In John Mearsheimer's 2023 book "How States Think", the foreword acknowledges him receiving financial support from Valdai, which also awarded him Best Book award for his 2019 book "The Great Delusion".
| Title | Place | Date | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia at the Turn of the Century: Hopes and Reality | Veliky Novgorod | September 2–5, 2004 | [20] | |
| Russia as a Political Kaleidoscope | cruise ship Alexander Radishchev (traveled from Moscow to Tver and back) | September 2–5, 2005 | [21] | |
| Global Energy in the 21st Century: Russia’s Role and Position | Moscow and Khanty-Mansiysk | September 4–9, 2006 | [22] | |
| Russia at the crossroads - choice and identity | Moscow and Kazan | September 10–14, 2007 | [23] | |
| Russia's Role in the Global Geopolitical Revolution of the Early 21st Century | Moscow, Rostov-on-Don and Grozny | September 9–14, 2008 | [24] | |
| Russia – West: Back to the Future | Yakutsk and Moscow | September 7–15, 2009 | [25] | |
| Russia: History and Future Development | St. Petersburg, Karelia, Sochi | September 1–7, 2010 | [26] | |
| The 2011–2012 Elections and the Future of Russia: Development Scenarios for the Next 5–8 Years | Kaluga and Moscow | November 6–12, 2011 | [27] | |
| The Future Is Being Made Today: Scenarios for Russia’s Economic Development | St. Petersburg and Moscow | October 20–26, 2012 | [28] | |
| Russia’s Diversity for the Modern World | Novgorod Oblast | September 16–19, 2013 | [29] | |
| The World Order: New Rules or a Game Without Rules | Sochi | October 22–24, 2014 | [30] | |
| Societies Between War and Peace: Overcoming the Logic of Conflict in Tomorrow's World | Sochi | October 19–22, 2015 | [31] | |
| The Future in Progress: Shaping the World of Tomorrow | Sochi | October 24–27, 2016 | [32] | |
| Creative Destruction: Will a New World Order Emerge from the Current Conflicts? | Sochi | October 16–19, 2017 | [33] | |
| Russia: Agenda for the 21st Century | Sochi | October 15–18, 2018 | Former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai attended the plenary session[34] [35] | |
| The Dawn of the East and the World Political Order | Sochi | September 30 – October 3, 2019 | Presidents of the Philippines Rodrigo Duterte, Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and King Abdullah II of Jordan attended the plenary session [36] [37] | |
| The Lessons of the Pandemic and the New Agenda: How to Turn the World Crisis Into an Opportunity for the World | Moscow | October 20–22, 2020 | [38] | |
| Global Shake-Up in the 21st Century: The Individual, Values, and the State | Sochi | October 18–21, 2021 | [39] | |
| A Post-Hegemonic World: Justice and Security for Everyone | Moscow | October 24–27, 2022 | [40] | |
| Fair Multipolarity: How to Ensure Security and Development for Everyone | Sochi | October 2–5, 2023 | [41] |