Ostro was one of eight s built for the Italian: [[Regia Marina]] (Royal Italian Navy) during the 1920s. She was named after a southerly wind, Ostro, common in the Mediterranean and Adriatic. The ship played a minor role in the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1937, supporting the Nationalists.
The Turbine-class destroyers were enlarged and improved versions of the preceding . They had an overall length of 93.20NaN0, a beam of 9.2m (30.2feet) and a mean draft of 3m (10feet).[1] They displaced 1090sp=usNaNsp=us at standard load, and 1700sp=usNaNsp=us at deep load. Their complement was 12 officers and 167 enlisted men.
The Turbines were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam supplied by three Thornycroft boilers. The turbines were rated at 40000shp for a speed of 33kn in service,[2] although her sister ships reached speeds in excess of during their sea trials while lightly loaded.[3] They carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 3200nmi at a speed of .
Their main battery consisted of four 120sp=usNaNsp=us guns in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.[4] Anti-aircraft (AA) defense for the Turbine-class ships was provided by a pair of 40mm AA guns in single mounts amidships and a twin-gun mount for 13.2mm machine guns. They were equipped with six 533mm torpedo tubes in two triple mounts amidships. The Turbines could carry 52 mines.
Ostro was laid down by Gio. Ansaldo & C. at their Genoa shipyard on 29 April 1925, launched on 2 January 1928 and completed on 9 October. Upon her completion, Ostro, together with other vessels of her class conducted exercises in the Tyrrhenian Sea and visited Monaco to attend the celebrations of the local Italian community.[5] Together with, and the ship was assigned to the 1st Squadron of the I Destroyer Flotilla based at La Spezia.[6] In 1929 she carried out a training cruise of the coast of Spain, and in 1930 another one in the Dodecanese and Aegean Sea.[7] In 1931 Ostro together with, and as well as older, and formed 1st Destroyer Flotilla, part of II Naval Division.[8] In 1934 after another reorganization Ostro as well as, and were again reunited, now forming the 4th Destroyer Squadron, part of II Naval Division.[9]
After the Civil War started in Spain in July 1936, both Italy and Nazi Germany supported the Nationalists of General Franco, whereas Soviet Union was actively supporting the Republicans. During the first year of the war, the Soviets used the Republican controlled ports of Bilbao and Santander in the North of Spain adjacent to the French border, but after their fall in the summer of 1937, the USSR was forced to use ports in the Mediterranean to continue supplying the Republicans. Both Italy and Germany deployed their submarines in the Mediterranean in early 1937 to interdict with Republican shipping, but without much success. On 3 August 1937 Franco made an urgent plea with Mussolini to use the Italian fleet to prevent the passage of a large Soviet transport convoy, which just departed from Odessa.[10] Originally, only submarines were supposed to be used, but Mussolini was convinced by Franco to use Italian surface ships too against the Soviets. The Italian blockade was put into effect immediately, with two cruisers, and, eight torpedo boats and eight destroyers, including Ostro being deployed in and around the Strait of Sicily and Strait of Messina.
In the evening of 13 August 1937 Ostro, under command of captain Teodorico Capone, while patrolling off Bizerte, just north of the island of Linosa, spotted and attacked Spanish Republican steamer sailing from Cartagena to Odessa in ballast. At 20:43 the Spanish ship was struck by a torpedo and sank in the position 36.2167°N 64°W, off Pantelleria. Twenty-three members of the ship's crew were picked up by the British steamer, and landed in Algiers on 17 August.
On 30 August 1937, under command of captain Virgilio Rusca, was on patrol together with Ostro, when they encountered Soviet steamer around 16:00. The destroyers continued shadowing the ship until the darkness fell, and around 21:00 launched two torpedoes at the Soviet vessel, and Ostro launched one. The cargo ship was hit by two torpedoes in quick succession and rapidly sank in the position 36.95°N 61°W, approximately 74 miles east of Algiers. Two lifeboats with all 29 survivors were towed to Dellys by local fishing boats, and successfully reached the shore at 01:00 on 31 August. The Soviet steamer was not a blockade runner, and was transporting 2,834 tons of coal from Cardiff to Port Said.
On 3 September Ostro escorted the Republican freighter , which had been captured nationalist members of her crew, from Cagliari to Cape Spartivento where the ship was transferred into the custody of the Nationalist armed merchant cruiser Jaime I who took the freighter to Palma de Mallorca. The merchant was later converted into an auxiliary cruiser on Franco's navy service.[11]
In September 1937 the Nyon Conference was called by France and Great Britain to address the "underwater piracy" conducted against merchant traffic in the Mediterranean. On 14 September an agreement was signed establishing British and French patrol zones around Spain (with a total of 60 destroyers and airforce employed) to counteract aggressive behavior by submarines. Italy was not directly accused, but had to comply with the agreement and suspend the maritime operations.
See also: Battle of the Espero Convoy. At the time of Italy entrance into World War II on 10 June 1940, Ostro together with sister ships, and formed 2nd Destroyer Squadron based at Taranto.[12]
On 27 June 1940 Ostro sailed from Taranto at 22:45 for the first war mission, along with and the squadron leader (commanded by Captain Enrico Baroni). The three vessels were to transport to Tobruk two anti-aircraft batteries (10 Breda Model 35 cannons in all), 120ST of ammunition (450,000 rounds) and 162 members of the Voluntary Militia for Territorial Security.[13]
On 28 June 1940 at 12:10, about 50lk=onNaNlk=on west of Zakynthos, the convoy was sighted by a British reconnaissance Short Sunderland plane.[14] As they were within striking range of the British 7th Cruiser Squadron, composed of light cruisers,,, and, Admiral John Tovey ordered them to intercept the Italians. The Italian column was sighted by the Allied ships around 18:30, about 100 miles north of Tobruk, and at 18:36 opened fire from 22000yd at the surprised Italian flotilla.[15] At 18:59 also opened fire from 18000yd. The Italian destroyers were theoretically faster than the British cruisers, but due to their age and heavy cargo on board their speed advantage was nullified. In addition, 's third boiler turned out to be defective, limiting the destroyer's speed to just 25kn. Captain Baroni, therefore, decided to sacrifice his in order to cover the escape of Ostro and, and ordered them to disengage and sail for Benghazi at full speed. laid smokescreens and conducted evasive maneuvers, engaging 's division with guns, and simultaneously firing three torpedoes at . While and took on, the other three cruisers tried to get around the smokescreens to attack the fleeing Ostro and, but were ordered to abandon their pursuit and concentrate on instead. Due to zigzagging managed to avoid being hit, but by 19:20 the range between her and had shortened to 14000yd. In fact, Italians drew first blood, when a single Italian 4.7inches shell hit just 3 ft above the waterline, with splinters penetrating the warheads of two torpedoes, but caused little damage otherwise.[16] Despite heavy firing, was not hit until 20:00, when her engine rooms were struck bringing the vessel to a stop. The 7th Squadron expended about 5,000 shells, more than 1,600 of main caliber, before the Italian destroyer was sunk, after 130 minutes of fierce fighting. rescued 47 out of 225 men from the Italian destroyer, and thirty six more escaped on rafts, but only six of them were later found alive by Italian submarine almost 20 days later.[17] Captain Baroni died aboard his ship, and was posthumously awarded the Medaglia d´oro al valor militare.[18]
In the morning of 29 June 1940 Ostro and arrived in Benghazi before proceeding to Tobruk where they arrived on 1 July.
Another Italian convoy sailed to Tobruk on 30 June 1940 from Augusta carrying troops, supplies, ammunition and fuel. The convoy consisted of six cargo and passenger ships and was escorted by 6 destroyers and 4 torpedo boats.[19] The Royal Navy failed to intercept this convoy, in large part due to the large ammunition expenditure in their previous confrontation. On 5 July 1940 there were seven
On 19 July 1940 British command, believing that the light cruiser, damaged during the Battle of Cape Spada, had taken refuge in Tobruk, decided to launch a new bomber attack against the base.[22] Ostro along with and were berthed at the same location as during the 5 July raid. Most personnel was on board steamers and with exception of dedicated air defense crews. Around 17:00 twelve Bristol Blenheim bombers from 55 Squadron and 211 Squadron RAF bombed the northern part of the harbor, slightly damaging an anti-aircraft battery and the port's facilities, and losing one aircraft.[23] At 18:56 a seaplane from the 700 Naval Air Squadron launched by the British battleship appeared to investigate results of the bombing. The seaplane was immediately targeted by anti-aircraft batteries, and shot down. At 21:54 Tobruk was put on alert again after receiving reports from the Bardia and Sidi Belafarid advanced listening stations. Around 22:30 6 Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers from the 824 Naval Air Squadron FAA appeared in the skies above Tobruk harbor and were met with strong anti-aircraft fire. This forced the planes to make several passes over the area trying to avoid the fire, and also to acquire the targets, the situation exacerbated by a fairly cloudy night. The British finally managed to sort out their objectives by about 01:30 on 20 July and assumed attack formation at low altitude. At 01:32 steamer was struck in the stern by a torpedo, launched from a plane, piloted by squadron commander F.S. Quarry, causing her to slowly sink. At 01:34 Ostro was hit in her stern ammunition depot by a torpedo launched from a plane piloted by S. F. Fullmore, causing the ship to go ablaze and sink ten minutes later. was hit by a torpedo at 01:37 and sank. The British lost one plane in the attack which crash-landed on the way back in the Italian controlled territory.
Ostros crew suffered 42 casualties, with 2 officers and 40 NCOs and sailors being missing or killed in the attack. 20 more people were wounded, including commander Zarpellon.
The guns from both Ostro and were later removed and used by Italians to reinforce defenses of Bardia.
| Date | Ship | Flag | Tonnage | Ship Type | Cargo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 August 1937 | 3,122 GRT | Freighter | in ballast | ||
| Total: | 3,122 GRT | ||||