Giuseppe Cesare Abba was laid down at the Italian: [[Cantieri navali Odero]] (English: Odero [[Shipyard]]) in Sestri Ponente, Italy, on 19 August 1913. She was launched on 25 May 1915 and completed and commissioned on 6 July 1915.
World War I broke out in 1914, and the Kingdom of Italy entered the war on the side of the Allies with its declaration of war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915. Giuseppe Cesare Abba was commissioned just over seven weeks after Italy declared war. On the night of Giuseppe Cesare Abba, serving as flagship of her squadron, got underway with her sister ship and the French Navy destroyer to search for the Austro-Hungarian Navy submarine U-3, which had made an unsuccessful attack on the Italian auxiliary cruiser in the Adriatic Sea east of Brindisi, Italy. Arranged in a radial pattern, the three destroyers first followed the route between the point of the attack and the Austro-Hungarian Navy base at Cattaro, then zigzagged in a northerly direction, and then headed south. At 04:52 on 13 August, Bisson sighted U-3 — which had suffered a mechanical breakdown – on the surface and sank her with gunfire. Giuseppe Cesare Abba rushed to the scene upon receiving the report of the sighting, arriving in time to see U-3 sink.
On the afternoon of 6 December 1915, Giuseppe Cesare Abba, the protected cruiser, the scout cruiser, the auxiliary cruiser, the minelayers and, and the destroyers,, and departed Taranto, Italy, to escort a convoy to Vlorë (known to the Italians as Valona) in the Principality of Albania. The convoy — made up of the troopships,,, and — carried 400 officers, 6,300 non-commissioned officers and soldiers, and 1,200 draft animals. The convoy reached Vlorë at 08:00 on 7 December 1915.[1]
At approximately 09:00 on 29 December 1915 Giuseppe Cesare Abba and other destroyers departed Brindisi with the protected cruiser and the British Royal Navy light cruiser to join other formations of Allied warships in pursuing an Austro-Hungarian force composed of the scout cruiser and the destroyers,,,, and, which had bombarded the harbor at Durrës (known to the Italians as Durazzo) on the coast Albania, sinking the Greek steamer and two sailing ships while losing Lika, which struck a mine. Giuseppe Cesare Abba did not play a significant role in the subsequent clash, known as the First Battle of Durazzo, in which Helgoland and British and French cruisers suffered minor damage and French destroyers sank Triglav.
On the night of while the protected cruiser and the destroyers,,, and operated in distant support, Giuseppe Cesare Abba and the destroyers,, and escorted the coastal torpedo boats and as 34 PN and 36 PN towed the motor torpedo boats MAS 5 and MAS 7 to a point 2.5nmi off Durrës. MAS 5 and MAS 7 then dropped their tow cables at 00:15 on 26 June and raided the harbor at Durrës, launching torpedoes at 01:45 and rejoining Giuseppe Cesare Abba′s formation at 02:40. The attack resulted in serious damage to the 1,111-gross register ton steamship, and all the Italian ships returned to base safely.
On 3 August 1916 Giuseppe Cesare Abba, under the command of Capitano di fregata (Frigate Captain) Petrelluzzi, got underway with the destroyer to support an attack by nine aircraft against Durrës, but during their voyage to the Albanian coast the two ships were diverted to Molfetta, Italy, which had come under bombardment by an Austro-Hungarian force composed of the light cruiser, the destroyers and, and the torpedo boats and . Ardente suffered a mechanical breakdown and had to fall back to join a French destroyer squadron led by the destroyer, which was coming up to reinforce the Italian ships. Meanwhile Giuseppe Cesare Abba continued alone even after sighting the Austro-Hungarian submarine U-20 at 08:20. She sighted the Austro-Hungarian ships at 09:00 and tried to close with them to open fire, but the much larger and better-armed Aspern thwarted Giuseppe Cesare Abba by placing herself between the Italian ship and the Austro-Hungarian torpedo boats. The French destroyer squadron arrived on the scene and joined the pursuit, but the Allied ships gave up the chase when the Austro-Hungarian ships reached a point only 16nmi from Cattaro.
During the night of Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Ippolito Nievo, and Rosolino Pilo escorted 34 PN and the coastal torpedo boats and as they towed the motor torpedo boats MAS 6 and MAS 7 for another attack on Durrës, which failed because of the presence of torpedo nets in the harbor.
At 23:00 on 22 December 1916 Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Ippolito Nievo, and Rosolino Pilo got underway from Brindisi and headed for Cape Rodoni to intercept the Austro-Hungarian destroyers,,, and, which had attacked the Otranto Barrage in the Strait of Otranto and were returning to Cattaro after a clash with the French Navy destroyers,, Commandant Bory,,, and . The Italian destroyers did not find the Austro-Hungarian ships, but did encounter the French destroyers. The two groups of Allied ships were unable to coordinate their maneuvers and confusion ensued. At 01:40 on 23 December Giuseppe Cesare Abba sighted smoke on her port bow and turned north to investigate, accelerating to full speed. After recognizing Dehorter and Protet, she sighted Casque approachng her, but too late to avoid a collision, although neither Giuseppe Cesare Abba or Casque suffered serious damage. Giuseppe Cesare Abba backed away from Casque after the collision and was maneuvering in reverse when Boutefeu, which had narrowly avoided collisions with Ippolito Nievo and Rosolino Pilo, rammed Giuseppe Cesare Abba, killing a man who went missing. Again the damage was not serious, and all three damaged destroyers returned to port.
On 11 May 1917 Giuseppe Cesare Abba got underway from Venice with Ardente, the destroyers and, and the new destroyer to intercept an Austro-Hungarian Navy force consisting of the destroyer and the torpedo boats,, and . They sighted the Austro-Hungarian ships at 15:30 at a range of about 10000sigfig=3NaNsigfig=3 but were unable to engage the Austro-Hungarian ships before they escaped behind the protection of a minefield near the major Austro-Hungarian Navy base at Pola, and after approaching Pola the Italian ships gave up the chase and returned to Venice.
On the night of 13–14 August 1917 Giuseppe Cesare Abba left Venice with Animoso, Ardente, Audace, and the destroyers,,,,, and to intercept an Austro-Hungarian force made up of the destroyers,,,, and and six torpedo boats which had supported an air raid by 32 aircraft against the fortress of Venice which had struck San Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, killing 14 people and injuring around 30 others. Only Vincenzo Giordano Orsini managed to make brief and fleeting contact with the Austro-Hungarian ships before they escaped.
On 29 September 1917 Giuseppe Cesare Abba put to sea with Francesco Stocco, Giovanni Acerbi, Vincenzo Giordano Orsini, the scout cruiser Sparviero and a second formation made up of Ardente, Ardito and Audace to support a bombing raid by 10 Italian airplanes against Pola. The Italian ships then had a brief evening clash with an Austro-Hungarian force composed of Streiter, Velebit, the destroyers and, and four torpedo boats without achieving significant results.
On 16 November 1917 Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Animoso, Ardente, Audace, Francesco Stocco, Giovanni Acerbi, and Vincenzo Giordano Orsini got underway to respond to a bombardment carried out by the Austro-Hungarian coastal defense ships and against Italian artillery batteries and other coastal defenses at Cortellazzo, near the mouth of the Piave River. The destroyers supported an attack by the Italian motor torpedo boats MAS 13 and MAS 15 which, together with attacks by Italian aircraft and the Italian submarines and, disrupted the bombardment and forced the two Austro-Hungarian ships to withdraw. On 18 November 1917 Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Animoso, Ardente, and Audace bombarded the Austrian-Hungarian lines on the Italian front between Caorle and Revedoli.
On 28 November 1917, an Austro-Hungarian Navy force consisting of Dinara, Huszar, Reka, Streiter, the destroyers and, and the torpedo boats,,, and attacked the Italian coast. While Dikla, Huszar, Streiter and the torpedo boats unsuccessfully attacked first Porto Corsini and then Rimini, Dinara, Reka, and Triglav bombarded a railway near the mouth of the Metauro, damaging a train, the railway tracks, and telegraph lines. The Austro-Hungarian ships then reunited and headed back to the main Austro-Hungarian naval base at Pola. Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Animoso, Ardente, Ardito, Audace, Francesco Stocco, Giovanni Acerbi, Giuseppe Sirtori, Sparviero, Vincenzo Giordano Orsini, and the destroyer departed Venice and, together with reconnaissance seaplanes, pursued the Austro-Hungarian formation. The seaplanes attacked the Austro-Hungarians without success, and the Italian ships had to give up the chase when they did not sight the Austro-Hungarians until they neared Cape Promontore on the southern coast of Istria, as continuing beyond it would bring them too close to Pola.
On 10 February 1918, Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Animoso, and Audace departed Venice to participate in a raid on Bakar (known to the Italians as Buccari) on the coast of Austria-Hungary. While Ardente, Ardito, Francesco Stocco, Giovanni Acerbi, Giuseppe Sirtori, and the scout cruiser stood by at Porto Levante in case they needed to support the operation, Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Animoso, and Audace towed the motor torpedo boats MAS 94, MAS 95, and MAS 96 to the pre-established "Point O," 20nmi east of Sansego, where they passed their tow cables to the coastal torpedo boats,, and, then cruised 50nmi off Ancona while the coastal torpedo boats towed the MAS boats closer to the coast and the MAS boats carried out the raid. The results of the raid — damage to one steamer — were militarily insignificant, but the raid was of great propaganda value in Italy, where it was celebrated widely as the "Bakar mockery" (Beffa di Buccari), aspects of which the Italian nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio, who took part in the raid, orchestrated.
By late October 1918, Austria-Hungary had effectively disintegrated, and the Armistice of Villa Giusti, signed on 3 November 1918, went into effect on 4 November 1918 and brought hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Allies to an end. At 18:10 on 3 November Giuseppe Cesare Abba, under the command of an officer named Portaluppi, and the coastal torpedo boats and arrived at Poreč (known to the Italians as Parenzo), where the local, mostly Italian population welcomed their crews enthusiastically. After occupying the city and disarming its former Austro-Hungarian fortifications, the three ships departed on 4 November.[2] On 5 November 1918, Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Rosolino Pilo, the battleship, and the destroyers and entered the port at Pola, the site of an important Austro-Hungarian Navy base, after which units embarked on the ships occupied the city over the following days.[2] World War I ended with an armistice between the Allies and the German Empire on 11 November 1918.
At the end of November 1918 Giuseppe Cesare Abba escorted two steamers loaded with Austrian, German, and Polish soldiers from Fiume to Venice.[2] Not long afterward, her armament was revised, giving her five 102mm/35-caliber guns, two 40mm/35-caliber guns, and four 450mm torpedo tubes,[3] and, according to some sources, two 65mm machine guns.[4] Her full-load displacement rose to 9000NaN0.[3]
On the morning of 6 August 1928 Giuseppe Cesare Abba, serving as flagship of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla, got underway from Poreč (Parenzo) to take part with numerous other ships in an exercise in the Adriatic Sea. Plans called for the flotilla to escort the light cruiser Brindisi and scout cruiser Aquila while they cruised from Poreč to Pola and back and included a simulated attack on the formation by the submarines and .[5] [6] At 08:40, under clear skies, with rough seas and rising winds, Giuseppe Cesare Abba sighted F14′s periscope only a few meters off her starboard beam, and signaled "submarine to starboard abeam" to the other ships, making no mention of the F14′s proximity to her.[5] [6] Her signal prompted the crew of Giuseppe Missori, a short distance astern of Giuseppe Cesare Abba, to focus attention to starboard of their ship, the apparent direction of the expected simulated attack, rather than ahead, where F14 had been sighted just abeam of Giuseppe Cesare Abba.[5] [6] By the time Giuseppe Missori′s crew sighted F14 ahead of their ship, the two vessels were only 160to apart. Both Giuseppe Missori and F14 took evasive action, but too late to avoid a collision, and Giuseppe Missori rammed F14.[5] [6] F14 sank quickly west of the Brijuni archipelago.[5] [6] Efforts to rescue men trapped aboard the wreck of F14 failed, and they eventually died of asphyxiation by chlorine gas.[5] [6] [7]
Giuseppe Cesare Abba was reclassified as a torpedo boat on 1 October 1929.[3]
World War II broke out in September 1939 with Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland. Italy joined the war on the side of the Axis powers with its invasion of France on 10 June 1940. At the time, Giuseppe Cesare Abba was part of the 5th Torpedo Boat Squadron, along with the torpedo boats, Giuseppe Dezza,, and . During the war, she mainly served as an escort,[8] initially operating in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea.[9]
In July 1940,Giuseppe Cesare Abba took part in Operation TCM, the escort of the first large convoy from Italy to Libya, consisting of the troopships Calitea, with 619 soldiers aboard, and Esperia, carrying 1,571 troops, and the modern cargo ships Francesco Barbaro, Marco Foscarini, and Vettor Pisani, whose combined cargo consisted of 232 vehicles, 5720t of fuels and lubricants, and 10445t of other materials. After the rest of the convoy got underway from Naples at 19:45 on 6 July, Giuseppe Cesare Abba and her sister ship Rosolino Pilo left Catania on 7 July escorting Francesco Barbaro. After rendezvousing with the rest of the convoy, Giuseppe Cesare Abba and Rosolino Pilo became part of the direct escort along with the 14th Torpedo Boat Squadron, consisting of the torpedo boats,,, and . With the light cruisers and and the destroyers,,, and in distant support,[10] the convoy arrived safely at Benghazi, Libya, on 8 July.
On Giuseppe Cesare Abba escorted the troopships and along the Libyan coast from Tobruk to Benghazi.
Giuseppe Cesare Abba was at Vlorë on the coast of the Italian Protectorate of Albania on 16 March 1941 when at sunset she received orders to moor in the Bay of Vlorë east of the Karaburun Peninsula.[11] Six merchant ships were moored in this area, and at 18:30 Giueppe Cesare Abba and the torpedo boat anchored at predetermined points, Giuseppe Cesare Abba at the northern end of the line of ships and Andromeda at the opposite end.[11] The two torpedo boats kept their boilers lit so that they could get underway quickly if necessary, and made ready to protect the merchant ships with anti-aircraft fire.[11] To the east of the group the tanker and landing ship Sesia and the large fishing vessel Genepesca Seconda were moored, ready to perform rescue operations if any ship was hit.[11] At 23:50 a lookout location at Derni sighted a flight of six British Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers approaching the harbor to attack the ships, and at 23:58 a listening station at Sazan (known to the Italians as Saseno) also detected them.[11] Antiaircraft artillery ashore opened fire, then ceased fire as Italian fighter aircraft entered the area.[11] At midnight the British planes arrived at the Bay of Vlorë, and Giuseppe Cesarae Abba and Andromeda, hearing their engines, opened fire on them. One Swordfish dropped its torpedo 400m (1,300feet) from Andromeda and hit her. Andromeda′s boilers exploded, and she sank quickly at 40.35°N 47°W[12] with the loss of 50 of her crew of 137.[11]
On the night of, Giuseppe Cesare Abba departed Augusta, Sicily, and escorted the motor torpedo boats MAS 451, MAS 452, MTSM 214, and MTSM 218 to Malta, where they disembarked the Maltese irredentist, National Fascist Party member, and Maritime Artillery Militia sottotenente (sublieutenant) Carmelo Borg Pisani, who was supposed to gather information to help in preparation for Operation Herkules, a planned Italian-German amphibious landing on the island. The British garrison captured Borg Pisani after he had been ashore for only two days, and he was hanged for treason and conspiracy on 28 November 1942.[9] [13]
On 9 November 1942 Giuseppe Cesare Abbe and the torpedo boats and escorted the crippled light cruiser Attilio Regolo, which was returning to port under tow by the tug Polifemo after the British submarine torpedoed her in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea off Capo San Vito Siculo on the northwestern end of Sicily at 38.2333°N 53°W, blowing off her bow. During the voyage the British submarine made an unsuccessful attack on Attilio Regolo, which eventually reached port.[14] [15]
In 1943 Giuseppe Cesare Abba was assigned to the 3rd Torpedo Boat Group in the Ionian and Lower Adriatic Maritime Military Department along with Francesco Stocco, Giuseppe Dezza, Giuseppe Missori, Giuseppe Sirtori, and the torpedo boat
On 8 September 1943, the Kingdom of Italy announced an armistice with the Allies and switched sides in the war, prompting Nazi Germany to begin Operation Achse, the disarmament by force of the Italian armed forces and the occupation of those portions of Italy not yet under Allied control. At the time, Giuseppe Cesare Abba was part of the 3rd Torpedo Boat Group, with an operating area in the southern Adriatic Sea.[9] Avoiding capture by the Germans, she embarked troops of the Italian 155th Infantry Division "Emilia" — who were being evacuated from Montenegro — at Kotor on 15 September 1943.[9]
Giuseppe Cesare Abba fought on the Allied side as a unit of the Italian Co-belligerent Navy through the end of the war in Europe in May 1945.[7] She operated in a variety of roles, including towing targets.[7]
Giuseppe Cesare Abba remained in service after World War II, as a unit of the Regia Marina until the Italian monarchy was abolished in 1946 and then as part of the Italian Navy (Marina Militare) under the Italian Republic. She was reclassified as a coastal minesweeper in 1954 and given the new pennant number M 5330.[3] [7] She was stricken from the naval register on 1 September 1958[7] and subsequently scrapped.