| Native Name: | Japanese: 壱岐国 |
| Conventional Long Name: | Iki Province |
| Common Name: | Iki Province |
| Subdivision: | Province |
| Nation: | Japan |
| Capital: | Ishida District |
| Today: | Iki, Nagasaki |
| Year Start: | 7th century |
| Year End: | 1871 |
| Image Map Caption: | Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Iki Province highlighted |
was a province of Japan which consisted of the Iki Islands, now a part of modern Nagasaki Prefecture.[1] Its abbreviated name was . Iki is classified as one of the provinces of the Saikaidō. Under the Engishiki classification system, Iki was ranked as an "inferior country" (下国) and a "far country" (遠国).
The Iki Islands have been inhabited since the Japanese Paleolithic era, and numerous artifacts from the Jōmon, Yayoi and Kofun periods have been found by archaeologists, indicating continuous human occupation and activity. In the Chinese Weizhi Worenchuan (Japanese 魏志倭人伝, Gishi Wajinden), part of the Records of the Three Kingdoms dating from the 3rd century AD, mention is made of a country called "Ikikoku", (一支国), located on an archipelago east of the Korean Peninsula. Archaeologists have tentatively identified this with the large Yayoi period settlement of (原の辻), one of the largest to have been discovered in Japan, where artifacts uncovered indicate a close contact with the Japanese islands and the Asian mainland. It is also mentioned in the Weilüe, the Book of Liang and the Book of Sui.
The islands were organized as Iki Province under the Ritsuryō reforms in the latter half of the seventh century, and the name "Iki-no-kuni" appears on wooden markers found in the imperial capital of Nara.
The exact location of the provincial capital is not known, but is traditionally believed to have been in the former town of Ashibe, in former Ishida District. where the ruins of the Kokubun-ji of Iki Province have been discovered. Two shrines vie for the title of Ichinomiya of the province: the, in former town of Gonoura and the, in AshibeAfter the abolition of the han system in July 1871, Iki Province became part of "Hirado Prefecture" from 1871, which then became part of Nagasaki Prefecture.