Israeli government response to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel explained

The Israeli government's response to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel has multiple aspects, including a military response leading to the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. In October, the Knesset approved a war cabinet in Israel, adding National Unity ministers and altering the government; Benjamin Netanyahu and Benny Gantz froze non-war legislation, establishing a war cabinet with military authority.

The IDF's subsequent large-scale bombing and invasion of Gaza led to a humanitarian crisis, mass detentions, and famine. Israel's response was criticized as resulting in war crimes, and it was charged with genocide by South Africa in the International Court of Justice. Settler expansions and officials' controversial remarks heightened unrest, leading to protests in Israel. The Knesset's law criminalizing "terrorist materials" consumption drew criticism. The Israeli government's response prompted international protests, arrests, and harassment.

Background

The Israeli government faced criticism after it was revealed intelligence agencies had been aware of an attack plan for over a year.[1] Yair Lapid, a centrist Israeli politician, called the failure of the government and intelligence agencies to prevent the attack an "unpardonable failure".[2] Netanyahu blamed Israel's intelligence chiefs.[3]

Egypt said it warned Israel days before the attack, "an explosion of the situation is coming, and very soon, and it would be big".[4] Israel denied receiving such a warning,[5] but the Egyptian statement was corroborated by Michael McCaul, Chairman of the US House Foreign Relations Committee, who said warnings were made three days before the attack.[6]

Israeli intelligence officials initially stated that they had no warnings or indications of the 7 October attack by Hamas, despite Israel exercising extensive monitoring over Gaza.[7] Furthermore, the United States warned the Israeli government of the possibility of a surprise attack from Hamas a few days before the incident.[8] In July 2023, a member of the Israeli signals intelligence unit alerted her superiors that Hamas was conducting preparations for the assault, saying that "I utterly refute that the scenario is imaginary". An Israeli colonel ignored her concerns.[9] According to the Financial Times, alerts from the signals unit were ignored because they came from lower-ranking soldiers, contradicted the belief that Hamas was contained by Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip, bombing, and placation via aid, and the belief that Hamas was seeking to avoid a full war.[10] [11]

7 October

The Israeli military faced criticism for its handling of the initial 7 October attack. According to Haaretzs journalist Josh Breiner, a police source said that a police investigation indicated an IDF helicopter which had fired on Hamas militants "apparently also hit some festival participants" in Re'im music festival.[12] The Israeli police denied the Haaretz report[13] and said they found no evidence of civilian harm resulting from the aerial activities at that location.[14]

A New York Times analysis described the Israeli military response on 7 October as "poorly organized", with soldiers operating without a response plan or training and "making it up as they went along".[15] On 31 December, Eli Cohen told Maariv that the Israeli government bore responsibility for the 7 October attack and an investigation committee was needed to hold those negligent accountable.[16] The Haaretz editorial board further called for an investigation into reported Israeli tank fire at Be'eri on 7 October.[17] Ynet reported soldiers were told to stop militants from returning to Gaza "at all costs", despite fears that many were holding Israeli hostages as they fled.[18]

In response to reports that Israeli soldiers had been instructed to follow the Hannibal Directive, an IDF policy to kill Israeli soldiers before allowing them to be taken hostage, Asa Kasher, the author of the IDF Code of Conduct, called for an investigation, stating "There is absolutely nothing to allow someone to kill an Israeli citizen, in uniform or not".[19] On 6 February 2024, the Israeli military stated it would be opening an investigation into whether Israeli civilians were killed by the Israeli military on 7 October.[20]

Timeline

War cabinet

See main article: Israeli war cabinet. The formation of the war cabinet was approved by the Knesset on 12 October.[25] The composition of the preexisting government was modified: MKs voted, 66–4, to approve the addition of five National Unity ministers (Gantz, Gadi Eisenkot, Gideon Sa'ar, Hili Tropper, and Yifat Shasha-Biton) to the government as ministers without portfolio, and unanimously voted to remove the health portfolio from Interior Minister Moshe Arbel and elevate Uriel Buso of the Shas party to the post of health minister.[25]

As part of the deal, Netanyahu and Gantz also agreed to freeze all new non-war, non-emergency legislation, including the highly controversial judicial overhaul legislation, and agreed that the war cabinet would meet at least once every 48 hours.[25] The war cabinet has the authority to "update, as necessary, military and strategic aims for the conflict" but its decisions are subject to approval from the Security Cabinet of Israel.[26]

On 16 October, Netanyahu's Likud party announced that Yisrael Beytenu, led by Avigdor Lieberman, had agreed to join the emergency government. However, later the same day, Lieberman denied reaching an agreement with the government, saying that the offer to join the Security Cabinet was insufficient. Lieberman said that he wanted a seat on the smaller war cabinet instead. He said his party would "continue to support the government's actions that are meant to eliminate Hamas and Hamas leaders" but that he had "no intention of being the 38th minister in the government and be used as a fig leaf."[27]

In January 2024, the war cabinet's budget accounted for increases in military spending by cutting funding initially allocated for the development of Palestinian communities.[28]

Military response

See main article: Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present) and Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present). On the evening of 27 October 2023, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched a large-scale invasion[29] [30] inside the Gaza Strip, as part of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, with the stated goal of destroying Hamas and overthrowing the organization's governance of the Gaza Strip.[31] At the start of the war, Israel implemented a complete blockade on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in significant shortages of fuel, food, medication, water, and essential medical supplies.[32] [33] This siege resulted in a 90% drop in electricity availability, impacting hospital power supplies, sewage plants, and shutting down the desalination plants that provide drinking water.[34] Widespread disease outbreaks have spread across Gaza.[35] Heavy bombardment by Israeli airstrikes caused catastrophic damage to Gaza's infrastructure, further deepening the humanitarian crisis.[36]

War crimes

Numerous charges of war crimes have been levied against the Israeli government for its military actions against civilians. These charges have come from Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, B'tselem, and human rights groups and experts, including UN rapporteurs.

Genocide

See main article: Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Israeli attack on Gaza. Israel was accused of committing a genocide against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. South Africa brought the government of Israel to the International Court of Justice, alleging it was committing acts of genocide in its campaign in Gaza.[37] [38] In response, the government of Israel instructed its embassies to lobby diplomats and politicians around the world to issue statements against South Africa's case.[39]

West Bank

See also: Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. Following the 7 October attack, Israel intensified its military actions in the West Bank. These included raids in Jenin and attacks on hospitals, paramedics, and medical personnel. In a statement, a Doctors Without Borders representative stated, "Since October, we have witnessed the shooting and killing of a 14-year-old boy in the hospital compound, soldiers firing live rounds and tear gas at the hospital several times, paramedics forced to strip and kneel in the street".[40]

Expulsion

See also: 2023 Gaza Strip evacuations. In the immediate aftermath of the 7 October attack, a document from the Intelligence Ministry, an Israeli government research agency, proposed the forcible expulsion of the population of Gaza into the Sinai desert in neighboring Egypt.[41] Agencies and experts, including the Government of Egypt and the UN special rapporteur on internally displaced persons, have stated they believe Israel's intent is to expel Gazans into Egypt.[42] [43] On 23 December, MK Danny Danon wrote on a social media post he had initiated a plan for the voluntary migration of Palestinians out of Gaza.[44] In a 25 December meeting with Likud party members, PM Netanyahu reportedly said he was ready to support the "voluntary migration" of civilians from Gaza.[45]

Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich stated Israel should "encourage immigration" from Gaza.[46] On 2 January, Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir stated, "We will do what is best for the State of Israel: the migration of hundreds of thousands from Gaza".[47] On 7 January, Ben-Gvir stated emigration was the "order of the hour".[48] On 18 January, Ben-Gvir stated, "Voluntary immigration of the residents of Gaza should be encouraged".[49]

Gaza occupation

Indications of Israeli government plans for a military occupation of Gaza varied in the aftermath of the attack. On 5 December, prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu suggested plans for a direct military occupation of Gaza.[50] On 15 December, Amihai Eliyahu suggested a full military occupation and the reestablishment of settlements.[51] During the conflict, several Israeli cabinet officials suggested that Israel would permanently control Gaza after the war.[52] On 21 January 2024, diaspora minister Amichai Chikli stated that Gaza should be occupied by either Israel or an international power.[53] On 27 January, Israeli finance minister Bezalel Smotrich stated Gaza would be placed under a military administration.[54]

Ceasefire

Following the 7 October attack, Israeli officials repeatedly stated they were opposed to an end to fighting through a negotiated settlement. On 21 January 2024, PM Netanyahu stated he was opposed to ending the war through a political deal because it would mean "our soldiers have fallen in vain."[55] On 24 January 2024, Israeli ambassador to the UN Gilad Erdan stated that a ceasefire would result in "another attempted Holocaust".[56]

Post-war plans

On 5 January 2024, the Israeli government released a framework for Gaza following the end of the conflict, stating Hamas would not control the Strip with it instead being run by a "Palestinian entity" with a continued Israeli military presence.[57] In the plan released by defense minister Yoav Gallant, the IDF would retain military control and Israel would "guide" the Palestinian civil administration while the U.S. and other countries oversaw rebuilding in the Gaza Strip.[58]

On 10 January, Benjamin Netanyahu stated, "I want to make a few points absolutely clear: Israel has no intention of permanently occupying Gaza or displacing its civilian population."[59] On 15 January, Yoav Gallant stated Gaza "will be ruled by Palestinians" after the war.[60] On 18 January, Netanyahu stated, "In any future arrangement… Israel needs security control all territory west of the Jordan. So it contradicts the idea of self-rule [for Palestinians]. So what?"[61] Following backlash from western politicians, Netanyahu wrote that Israel "will not compromise on full Israeli security control over the entire area west of Jordan."[62] Benny Gantz stated the war could last "10 years, or even an entire generation".[63] On 30 January, Yoav Gallant reportedly stated he would like Israel to operate freely in Gaza as it does in the West Bank.[64]

A report leaked from the prime minister's office showed a three step post-war plan for Gaza, with the first being Israeli military rulership, then an international Arab coalition, and finally, a Palestinian state.[65] Netanyahu's official postwar plan suggested full military occupation of Gaza and the dismantling of UNRWA.[66]

Political response

Mass detentions of Palestinians

See main article: Mass detentions in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. Since the outbreak of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war on October 7, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories.[67] [68] News outlets and human rights organizations both within and outside of Israel reported that thousands of Gazan workers in Israel were detained or disappeared in the weeks following October 7.[69] [70] Additionally, Israel has carried out mass arrests in the occupied West Bank, detained Palestinian fighters captured inside Israel, and arrested Palestinian citizens of Israel.[71] [72]

Concerns have been raised regarding the legality, secrecy, and conditions of many detentions, including widespread mistreatment and allegations of torture. On November 3, Israel reportedly deported 3,200 Palestinian workers to the Gaza Strip.[73] In addition to Palestinian prisoners in custody prior to the outbreak of the war, an unknown number of individuals remain in detention.[74] More than 3,000 Palestinians have been arrested in the West Bank and occupied East Jerusalem since October 7, according to the UN.[75] Images of Israel's mass arrests in Gaza circulated widely during the war, showing men with no known organizational affiliations stripped naked, tied up, and blindfolded.[76] [77] [78] [79] Human rights organizations described Israel's mass arrest campaigns in Gaza as "random and arbitrary".[80]

In February 2024, UNRWA accused Israel of torturing United Nations staff in order to extract false confessions that some UNRWA staff had been involved with the 7 October attack on Israel.[81] The charge came amidst widespread reports of the torture of Palestinians in Israeli prisons following 7 October.[82]

Settler expansions

See also: Israeli settlement and Israeli settler violence. The Israeli government approved new expansions in occupied East Jerusalem during the war.[83] On 14 December, Amichai Chikli, the Social Equality Minister, stated Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip were a possibility "in certain parts where it makes sense".[84] [85] On 30 December, Israeli finance minister Bezalel Smotrich stated the "future" of Gaza settlements would be determined after the war.[86] In a later statement, Smotrich said Israelis in Gaza would "make the desert bloom".[87] On 4 January, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant stated Israel would not have a "civil presence" in Gaza after the war but would retain unrestricted military movement in it.[88] On 7 January, Itamar Ben-Gvir stated Israeli settlements in Gaza were the "order of the hour".[89] On 8 January, Middle East Eye reported a group of MKs met with Nachala to discuss plans to build future Jewish settlements in Gaza.[90] Israel approved 700 new settler units in East Jerusalem on 9 January.[91]

Israeli tourism minister Haim Katz, as well as other Likud party members, announced a conference for Israeli settlements in Gaza in response to the 7 October attacks.[92] The conference was planned to be hosted at Binyanei Hauma.[93] It was held on 28 January and drew both Israeli cabinet ministers and members of parliament.[94] Ben-Gvir was quoted stating, "In the first stage, we will encourage emigration – hundreds of thousands through a pilot, and we’ll just transfer them".[95] Ir Amim reported on 11 February that 17 settlements with around 8,400 units had been approved in East Jerusalem since the start of the conflict.[96] On 22 February, Bezalel Smotrich approved 3,344 new settler homes in the West Bank.[97] The move was criticized by Josep Borrell who stated it was "inflammatory and dangerous".[98] The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs also condemned the announcement, stating, "Colonisation is incompatible with the creation of a Palestinian State. As well as being an obstacle to a lasting peace, this policy is also fuelling violence and tensions on the ground".[99] The UAE, Germany, Qatar, and Bahrain also condemned the expansion.[100] [101] Denmark also condemned the expansion.[102]

In March 2024, it was reported that sales of property in the West Bank were being promoted internationally with events being hosted in synagogues in the United States and Canada.[103] After the Israeli government announced in March 2024 it was confiscating 800 hectares of land in the West Bank, the Israeli watchdog organization Peace Now stated it was the single largest land seizure since the passage of the 1993 Oslo Accords.[104] The Palestinian Foreign Ministry condemned the expropriation as part of Israel's "theft" of the Palestinian homeland.[105] The Arab Parliament condemned the land seizure.[106] The European Union released a statement, saying, "In line with its longstanding common position and UN Security Council Resolutions, the EU will not recognise changes to the 1967 borders unless agreed by the parties".[107] [108]

On 31 March 2024, Smotrich announced an expanded Israeli settlement in Wadi Auja, calling it an "appropriate Zionist response" to an attack against Israelis in the Jordan Valley.[109] Yitzhak Wasserlauf, an Israeli cabinet official, stated, "A total victory means a return to settle" the Gaza Strip.[110] In May 2024, Defense Minister Yoav Gallant announced settlers evacuated from the West Bank in 2005 would be allowed to return.[111]

Hostages

Meetings with families

Meetings between the Israeli government and the families of hostages held in Gaza were described as chaotic and tense.[112] During a meeting, a family member criticized that the hostages were under "constant threat from the IDF shelling."[113] The brother of one of the three captives killed by Israeli forces in Gaza told Yoav Gallant that his brother would haunt Gallant in his sleep.[114] During a meeting with hostage families, Sara Netanyahu, the Spouse of the Prime Minister of Israel, reportedly accused the families of helping Hamas.[115] In March 2024, the hostage families went directly to U.S. president Biden to request for a hostage deal, stating they were frustrated by "the lack of ongoing communication and commitment" from the War Cabinet.[116] [117]

Negotiations

See main article: 2023 Israeli–Palestinian prisoner exchange. The Israeli government approved a hostage-exchange with Hamas to release Palestinian prisoners held in Israel for hostages held in Gaza.[118]

Humanitarian aid

Controversies arose over the delivery of humanitarian aid to Gaza following the 7 October attack. Israel first announced a total blockade of all relief into the Strip, but eventually allowed limited aid in.[119] By January 2024, agencies like the United Nations criticized Israel for not allowing sufficient aid,[120] and as a result, creating a famine affecting nearly 500,000 Palestinians.[121] In response, COGAT stated there was no hunger in Gaza.[122] Diaa Rashwan, the chairman of the State Information Service, stated Israel's "stubbornness and intentionality" had resulted in the delay of humanitarian aid delivery.[123]

Public diplomacy

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) designated a Spokesperson's Unit to be responsible for the IDF's information policy and deal with the media relations during peace and war time. It served as a liaison between the military and the domestic and foreign media markets as well as the general public and functioned as a key player for the public diplomacy of Israel.[124] [125] In March 2024, Israel Katz ordered Israeli embassies around the world to begin a large-scale hasbara campaign about alleged sexual violence on 7 October, including "media interviews, distributing messages across social media platforms, and engaging in meetings with decision-makers".[126]

Civil response

Protests

See also: 2023 Israel–Hamas war protests in Israel. Arab Israelis reported a government crackdown on free speech, with individuals arrested for social media posts and likes.[127] On 15 October, communications minister Shlomo Karhi proposed emergency regulations allowing for the arrest of individuals who hurt "national morale."[128] Following a rally in support of Gaza in Haifa, police commissioner Kobi Shabtai threatened to send antiwar protesters to the Gaza Strip on buses.[129]

On 8 November, the Israel Supreme Court allowed police to bar all anti-war protests.[130] On 9 November, Israeli police arrested former MK Mohammad Barakeh in Nazareth for attempting to organize an anti-war protest.[131] [132] In an interview with Time Magazine, Barakeh described the Israeli government as establishing a fascist regime.[133] On 18 November, Israel held its first permitted anti-war protest in Tel Aviv.[134]

On 23 November, communications minister Shlomo Karhi proposed defunding the newspaper Haaretz due to its "defeatist and false propaganda."[135] [136] On 23 November, ahead of the hostage-swap, National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir stated that any "expressions of joy" related to the release of Palestinian prisoners was "equivalent to backing terrorism."[137] On 29 November, police arrested activists at a Knesset protest opposing the government.[138]

Censorship

On November 8, the Knesset criminalized the systematic and extended consumption of Hamas and ISIS publications that include statements of praise, sympathy or encouragement for acts of terrorism, or documentation of an act of terrorism. The law states that consumption of publications that is done randomly, innocently or for a legitimate purpose will not constitute prohibited consumption.[139] Civil rights groups criticized the bill, stating it "invades the realm of personal thoughts and beliefs."[140] On 2 December, an attorney at Adalah, an Israeli legal center, stated law enforcement was using the law to surveil and silence individuals, while Association for Civil Rights in Israel said it was "unprecedented in democratic countries."[141] Akiva Eldar, a journalist at Haaretz, stated the bill "turned the journalists from doing honest, balanced reporting into Israeli patriots."[142] [143] [144]

On 17 January, 7amleh, the Arab Center for the Advancement of Social Media, reported that since 7 October, Israeli authorities had cracked down on Palestinians "for simply expressing their views or opinions on various online platforms, through a variety of measures including censorship, surveillance and arrests".[145]

The Ministry of Education announced in January 2024 that it was withdrawing funding for an annual Shavuot event in Megiddo, due to the event's host being Lucy Aharish, the Palestinian wife of Jewish Israeli celebrity Tsahi Halevi.[146] The Knesset moved to expel Ofer Cassif for signing his support for South Africa's ICJ lawsuit, leading Adalah to state, "This case marks a direct extension of the nearly four-month-long crackdown on Palestinians' free speech and expressions of dissent".[147]

Law

On 5 February 2024, the Knesset passed a one-year extension barring Palestinians from receiving Israeli permanent resident status through marriage to Israelis.[148] On 19 March 2024, Itamar Ben-Gvir stated that 100,000 new Israeli gun licenses had been approved since 7 October.[149]

International response

United Nations

See also: Israel and the United Nations. In the aftermath of the 7 October attack and during the subsequent conflict, the Israeli government criticized the United Nations. On multiple occasions, Israeli officials called for the resignation of UN secretary-general António Guterres.[150] It also moved to limit the issuance of travel visas to UN representatives.[151] Lynn Hastings, the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for the Occupied Palestinian Territory, was forced to leave Israel after her visa was revoked.[152] The United Nations criticized Israel for bombing its facilities and killing 142 UN employees, while Israel stated the UN was biased.[153]

UNRWA

On 4 January 2024, Israel Hayom reported Knesset members were seeking to halt global funding for UNRWA, with MK Sharren Haskel stating they sought "to stop funds which are being transferred from various countries to this organization, and remove UNRWA’s mask".[154] On 6 January, former Israeli foreign ministry official Noga Arbell stated, "It will not be possible to win the war if we do not destroy UNRWA. And this destruction must begin immediately".[155] On 26 January, Israel alleged that 12 UNRWA staff members had been involved with the 7 October attack, based on "interrogations of militants".[156] This led to their immediate dismissal and to the U.S. pausing all funding to the agency.[157] The following day, the UK, Italy, Finland, Australia, Germany, and Canada paused their funding to UNRWA.[158] [159] In response, Foreign Minister Israel Katz stated Israel "aims to promoting a policy ensuring that UNRWA will not be a part of the day after".[160]

World Health Organization

Israel accused the World Health Organization of colluding with Hamas, leading the WHO Secretary General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus to state, "Such false claims are harmful and can endanger our staff who are risking their lives to serve the vulnerable."[161]

Red Cross

Israeli Ambassador to the UN Gilad Erdan accused the Red Cross of colluding with Hamas, stating, "Hamas is committing heinous and abhorrent war crimes, and the Red Cross covers it up".[162]

Officials' statements

Statements by Israeli government officials drew international scrutiny, including many which were described as genocidal.[163] On 9 October, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant referred to Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip as "human animals", sparking controversy.[164] [165] [166] On 17 December, the chair of the Metula Regional council stated Gaza should be left "desolate and destroyed" and turned into a museum, leading the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum to condemn him.[167]

Knesset members

Several Knesset members drew headlines for their statements. MK Meirav Ben-Ari caused controversy when she stated, "The children in Gaza brought it upon themselves."[168] In a post on X, MK Galit Distel-Atbaryan called for erasing Gaza "from the face of the earth," and that "the Gazan monsters will fly to the southern fence and try to enter Egyptian territory. or they will die."[169] [170] MK Ariel Kallner called for a Nakba, writing on social media, "Right now, one goal: Nakba! A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of 48."[171] Nissim Vaturi, the Knesset deputy speaker, called for the military to "Burn Gaza now."[172] On 27 December, MK Avigdor Lieberman stated Israel should tear down the Gaza-Egyptian border, stating, "As soon as there is no obstacle there, I estimate one-and-a-half million Gazans will leave for Sinai and we will not disturb anyone".[173] In an interview with Kol Barama radio station on 10 January, Nissim Vaturi stated, "Gaza and its people must be burned".[174]

On 14 January, MK Zvi Sukkot drew headlines for stating, "At least in the northern Gaza Strip we first have to conquer, annex, destroy all the houses, build neighborhoods".[175] One week later, on 21 January, Sukkot stated, "It is necessary to occupy and annex at least part of the northern Gaza Strip and to establish Israeli settlements there."[176] On 22 February, May Golan stated she was "personally proud of the ruins of Gaza".[177]

Some progressive politicians, such as Gilad Kariv, called for the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state.[178]

Prime minister

Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu also drew headlines for his statements during the war. Notably, Netanyahu stated the war was "a struggle between the children of light and the children of darkness, between humanity and the law of the jungle."[179] [180] Netanyahu also termed the conflict as "Israel's second War of Independence".[181] Netanyahu was criticized as calling for genocide when he compared Palestinians to Amalek, stating, "slay both man and woman, infant and suckling".[182] [183] He also drew controversy for stating, "I am the only one who will prevent a Palestinian state" after the war.[184] In December 2023, Netanyahu said that Israel should support the "voluntary migration" of Palestinians from Gaza.[185] [186]

Cabinet officials

Cabinet member and other top-level government officials caused controversy for their statements in response to the 7 October attack and during the war. Eli Cohen, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, drew headlines for stating that after the war, "the territory of Gaza will also decrease."[187] The Minister of Agriculture, Avi Dichter, caused controversy for his statement, "We're Rolling Out Nakba 2023."[188] The Minister of Heritage Amihai Eliyahu drew headlines for stating, "They can go to Ireland or deserts, the monsters in Gaza should find a solution by themselves."[189] Gilad Erdan, Israel's UN ambassador, made several notable statements, including, "Israel is not at war with human beings, we are at war with monsters."[190]

Israeli president Isaac Herzog drew criticisms of admitting to collective punishment when he stated, "It is an entire nation out there that is responsible."[191] [192] Israel Katz, the Minister of Energy, drew similar criticisms when he stated the people of Gaza "will not receive a drop of water or a single battery until they leave the world".[193] Shlomo Karhi, the Minister of Communications, suggested soldiers would return to Israel "only after they have cut off" the foreskins of Palestinian men.[194] Itamar Ben-Gvir, the Minister of Defense, drew headlines when he stated, "What’s needed here is an occupation."[195] In an interview with Israeli Army Radio, Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich called Gaza a "ghetto" that should be resettled.[196]

In comments made to Maariv, Bezalel Smotrich stated, "The push for the establishment of a Palestinian state is a push for the next massacre."[197] In May 2024, Ben-Gvir called to "end the problem" and "return to Gaza now!"[198]

Diplomats

Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Tzipi Hotovely, drew condemnation from British MP Afzal Khan, after responding "Do you have another solution?" to an interviewer asking if she was calling for the total destruction of Gaza.[199]

Former officials

Several former military and government officials drew attention for their statements related to the attack and subsequent war. Giora Eiland, a former general, stated, "Creating a severe humanitarian crisis is a necessary means to achieve the goal. Gaza will become a place where no human being can exist."[200] Dan Gillerman, the former Israeli ambassador to the UN stated, "I am very puzzled by the constant concern which the world is showing for the Palestinian people, and is actually showing for these horrible inhuman animals who have done the worst atrocities that this century has seen"[201] [202]

In an interview with Jewish News Syndicate, retired Israeli Major General Itzhak Brik stated "All of our missiles, the ammunition, the precision-guided bombs, all the airplanes and bombs, it’s all from the US. The minute they turn off the tap, you can’t keep fighting. You have no capability."[203]

Michael Oren, former Israeli ambassador to the US, former member of the Knesset, and former Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, wrote: "Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad made a serious miscalculation".[204] Aviv Kohavi stated that a full investigation was needed to determine how militants had breached Israel's walls around Gaza.[205] Former-Israeli Defence Minister Avigdor Liberman suggested the West Bank should be given to Jordan, and the Gaza Strip to Egypt.[206]

Social media

The official Israeli government and military social media accounts were highly active during the war.[207] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs funded a pro-war PR campaign online.[208] [209] On 12 December, an investigation by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz found the Israeli military was running a Telegram channel called "72 Virgins - Uncensored".[210] The IDF admitted to running the Telegram channel.[211] Posts on the IDF channel had included statements about "exterminating the roaches" of Gaza and hearing "the crunch of their bones".[212] In January 2024, the Israeli government reportedly purchased a technological system for conducting large-scale influence campaigns online.[213]

Reactions

Israel's response to the 7 October attack elicited international reactions. In January 2024, the German Federal Foreign Office criticized senior Israeli government officials for their role in a conference advocating for the settling of Gaza, stating, "We condemn in the strongest possible terms the participation of parts of the Israeli government at this resettlement conference and clearly reject the statements made there."[214]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Bergman . Ronen . Israel Knew Hamas's Attack Plan More Than a Year Ago . The New York Times . December 2023 . 10 December 2023.
  2. Web site: Israeli opposition leader calls on PM to step down . Al Jazeera . 18 December 2023.
  3. Web site: Netanyahu slammed for post blaming intelligence chiefs for Oct. 7 failure; apologizes . The Times of Israel . 18 December 2023.
  4. News: Egypt intelligence official says Israel ignored repeated warnings of 'something big' . 9 October 2023 . . . 9 October 2023 . 9 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231009113011/https://www.timesofisrael.com/egypt-intelligence-official-says-israel-ignored-repeated-warnings-of-something-big/ . live.
  5. News: 'Utterly Fake': Israel's National Security Adviser Denies Receiving Egyptian Warning of Hamas Attack . Jonathan . Lis . . subscription. 13 October 2023 . 18 October 2023 . 13 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231013215956/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-13/ty-article/.premium/israels-national-security-adviser-denies-receiving-egyptian-warning-of-hamas-attack/0000018b-28c9-d1bc-a58b-69ef2ed70000 . live.
  6. News: Senior US lawmaker says Egypt warned Israel 3 days before onslaught . 11 October 2023 . . . 11 October 2023 . 11 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231011163145/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/senior-us-lawmaker-says-egypt-warned-israel-3-days-before-onslaught/ . live.
  7. News: Hamas Attack Raises Questions Over an Israeli Intelligence Failure . 24 November 2023 . . 8 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231008234117/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/us/politics/israel-hamas-intelligence.html . 8 October 2023 . en.
  8. News: US intelligence warned of the potential for violence days before Hamas attack . 27 November 2023 . . 13 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231122212221/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/13/politics/us-intelligence-warnings-potential-gaza-clash-days-before-attack/index.html . 22 November 2023 . Washington . en.
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  141. Web site: Is Israel criminalising Palestinian thoughts too, amid Gaza war? . Al Jazeera . 3 December 2023.
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  144. Web site: Approved in final readings: Prohibition on systematic consumption of terrorist publications . The Knesset . November 8, 2023 . December 28, 2023.
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  147. Web site: Cassif impeachment represents grave violation of right to vote: Legal group . Al Jazeera . 31 January 2024.
  148. Web site: Israeli cabinet approves extension of citizenship law targeting Palestinians . Al Jazeera . 7 February 2024.
  149. Web site: Fink . Rachel . Israel's Far-right National Security Minister Celebrates Handing Out 100k Gun Permits Since Oct. 7 . Haaretz . 22 March 2024.
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  151. News: Abrams . Rachel . Israel moves to limit visas for U.N. employees. . The New York Times . 26 December 2023 . 27 December 2023.
  152. Web site: US welcomes new UN humanitarian coordinator appointment . Al Jazeera . 27 December 2023.
  153. Web site: Cornish . Chloe . Israel-UN relations plunge to new low as Gaza war rages . Financial Times . 27 December 2023.
  154. Web site: Israeli parliament group lobbies to halt global funding for UNRWA . Al Jazeera . 5 January 2024.
  155. Web site: Israeli official urges for destruction of UN agency for Palestinian refugees . Al Jazeera . 7 January 2024.
  156. Web site: Magid . Jason . Israel wants UNRWA out of Gaza after staffers fired for involvement in Oct. 7 onslaught . Times of Israel . 28 January 2024.
  157. Web site: UNRWA probes employees over suspected involvement in October 7 attack . Al Jazeera . 27 January 2024.
  158. Web site: Srivastava . Mehul . More countries pull funding from UN agency over October 7 attack allegations . Financial Times . 28 January 2024.
  159. Web site: UNRWA comms director calls funding pulls ‘collective punishment’ . Al Jazeera . 28 January 2024.
  160. Web site: Israel says it wants to stop UNRWA work in Gaza after war . Al Jazeera . 28 January 2024.
  161. Web site: WHO Rejects Israel's Claim Of 'Collusion' With Hamas . Barron's . Agence France Presse . 27 January 2024.
  162. Web site: Erdan to ICRC rep: Red Cross 'covers up' Hamas's heinous crimes . The Jerusalem Post . 27 January 2024.
  163. Web site: UN experts point to evidence of 'genocidal incitement' against Palestinians . Reuters . 9 December 2023.
  164. Web site: 2023-10-09 . Israeli Defense Minister Announces Siege On Gaza To Fight 'Human Animals' . 2023-11-02 . HuffPost . en . 2023-11-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231101231423/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/israel-defense-minister-human-animals-gaza-palestine_n_6524220ae4b09f4b8d412e0a . live .
  165. Web site: 2023-10-09 . Israeli defense minister orders 'complete siege' on Gaza after Hamas surprise attack . 2023-11-02 . PBS NewsHour . en-us . 2023-10-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231031005909/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/israeli-defense-minister-orders-complete-siege-on-gaza-after-hamas-surprise-attack . live .
  166. Web site: 2023-10-12 . Israeli envoy: Hamas 'animals' must be destroyed . 2023-11-02 . POLITICO . en . 2023-11-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231102011538/https://www.politico.eu/article/ron-prosor-israel-evoy-hamas-animals-must-be-destroyed/ . live .
  167. Web site: Auschwitz slams Israeli council head's plans for Gaza Strip . The Jerusalem Post . 18 December 2023 . 18 December 2023.
  168. Web site: Israel-Palestine: More than 1,000 Palestinian children killed in Gaza air strikes, NGO reveals . Middle East Eye . 22 December 2023.
  169. Web site: A forced exodus from Gaza to Egypt? Israeli 'concept paper' fuels outrage . NBC News . 2 November 2023 . 22 December 2023.
  170. GalitDistel . 1719689095230730656 . Erasing all of Gaza from the face of the earth. That the Gazan monsters will fly to the southern fence and try to enter Egyptian territory. or they will die. And their death is evil. Gaza should be erased. And fire and smoke on the heads of the Nazis in Judea and Samaria. Haron is also a Jew who will shake the earth of the world. A vengeful and cruel IDF is needed here. Anything less is immoral. Just unethical..
  171. Web site: Krauss . Joseph . Israel's recent call for mass evacuation echoes catastrophic 1948 Palestinian exodus . PBS . 13 October 2023 . 22 December 2023.
  172. Web site: Burn Gaza now,' deputy speaker of Israel's Knesset says . Al Jazeera . 22 December 2023.
  173. Web site: 'Won't disturb anyone': Israeli lawmaker advocates Gaza relocation . Al Jazeera . 27 December 2023.
  174. Web site: Israeli deputy speaker says 'Gaza and its people must be burned' . Al Jazeera . 11 January 2024.
  175. News: Shpigel . Noa . Israeli Lawmakers Say It Out Loud: Mass Migration From Gaza and Jewish Resettlement . Haaretz . 14 January 2024.
  176. Web site: Palestinian state will endanger Israel’s existence: Lawmaker . Al Jazeera . 22 January 2024.
  177. Web site: US Muslim group calls on Biden to end support for ‘genocide’ . Al Jazeera . 23 February 2024.
  178. Web site: Israeli politician says country's final goal should be a 'sovereign Palestinian framework' . Al Jazeera . 23 December 2023.
  179. Web site: Excerpt from PM Netanyahu's remarks at the opening of the Winter Assembly of the 25th Knesset's Second Session . Ministry of Foreign Affairs . Government of Israel . 22 December 2023.
  180. IsraeliPM . 1713949754948718657 . 16 October 2023 . This is a struggle between the children of light and the children of darkness, between humanity and the law of the jungle. . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20231017150448/https://twitter.com/IsraeliPM/status/1713949754948718657?s=20 . 17 October 2023 .
  181. Web site: 'This is Israel's second War of Independence, it will be long and tough' . . 22 December 2023.
  182. News: Krug . Joshua . Comparing Hamas to Amalek, our biblical nemesis, will ultimately hurt Israel . J . 2 November 2023 . 22 December 2023.
  183. News: Netanyahu cites 'Amalek' Theory to justify Gaza Killings . Times of India . 29 October 2023 . 22 December 2023.
  184. Web site: PM lobbying Likud MKs, saying only he can prevent a Palestinian state in Gaza, West Bank – report . The Times of Israel . 22 December 2023.
  185. News: Israeli MK: Countries in South America, Africa Offered to Accept Refugees From Gaza, in Exchange for Payment . Haaretz . 26 December 2023.
  186. News: Netanyahu pushes for 'voluntary migration' for Palestinians in Gaza: Israeli media . . 26 December 2023.
  187. Web site: Magid . Jacob . Foreign minister: At war's end, not only will Hamas be gone, but Gaza's territory will shrink . The Times of Israel . 23 December 2023.
  188. News: Hauser Tov . Michael . Israel News 'We're Rolling Out Nakba 2023,' Israeli Minister Says on Northern Gaza Strip Evacuation . Haaretz . 23 December 2023.
  189. Web site: Far-right minister: Nuking Gaza is an option, population should 'go to Ireland or deserts' . The Times of Israel . 23 December 2023.
  190. Web site: Israeli UN Ambassador shows video of Thai worker attack to oppose UNGA ignoring Hamas . The Nation . 27 October 2023 . 23 December 2023.
  191. Web site: 'No Innocent Civilians in Gaza', Israel President Says as Northern Gaza Struggles to Flee Israeli Bombs . The Wire . 23 December 2023.
  192. News: McGreal . Chris . The language being used to describe Palestinians is genocidal . The Guardian . 16 October 2023 . 23 December 2023.
  193. Web site: What have Israeli officials said about Palestinians in Gaza? . The New Arab . 15 October 2023 . 23 December 2023.
  194. shlomo_karhi . he . 1725504217148797065 . David added a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge for plugging the wells with dirt. Our fighters, who went to war for the house and to take revenge for the terrible massacre carried out by the Nazi terrorists, will cover them in their tunnels with dirt, and will return to peace with the abductees in AZ, only after they have cut off all these cursed foreskins..
  195. Web site: Israeli minister says Gaza should be occupied: Report . Al Jazeera . 23 December 2023.
  196. Web site: Karanth . Sanjana . Senior Far-Right Israeli Official Admits Gaza Is A 'Ghetto' For Palestinians . Yahoo! News . January 2024 . Huffpost . 1 January 2024.
  197. Web site: Smotrich to Israeli media: Palestinian state will lead to ‘next massacre’ . Al Jazeera . 21 January 2024.
  198. Web site: Sharon . Jeremy . Ben Gvir calls to ‘encourage emigration,’ resettle Gaza at ultra-nationalist rally . Times of Israel . 19 May 2024.
  199. Web site: British MP calls on foreign secretary to condemn comments by Israeli ambassador . Al Jazeera . 5 January 2024.
  200. Web site: Why Israel's ban on fuel to Gaza isn't about stopping Hamas . Al Jazeera . 23 December 2023.
  201. Web site: Former Israeli ambassador to UN calls Palestinians 'horrible, inhuman animals' . al-Arabiya . 23 December 2023.
  202. SkyNews . 1717279204130037806 . 25 October 2023 . . "I am very puzzled by the constant concern which the world is showing for the Palestinian people," says Dan Gillerman.
  203. Web site: Lanard . Noah . How Joe Biden Became America's Top Israel Hawk . Mother Jones . 1 January 2024.
  204. Web site: Hamas' miscalculation will come back to haunt it . Israel Hayom . October 10, 2023 . Michael Oren . January 2, 2024.
  205. Web site: Israel's ex-military chief says his leadership should be examined . Al Jazeera . 16 January 2024.
  206. Web site: Liberman suggests giving Gaza to Egypt, West Bank to Jordan . Al Jazeera . 4 February 2024.
  207. Web site: Martin . Liv . Israel floods social media to shape opinion around the war . Politico . 17 October 2023 . 13 December 2023.
  208. Web site: Newsham . Jack . Israel launches a PR offensive amid its Gaza bombardment, paying for ads on YouTube, X, and even Angry Birds . Business Insider . 18 December 2023.
  209. Web site: Satter . Raphael . Graphic pro-Israel ads make their way into children's video games . Reuters . 18 December 2023.
  210. News: Kubovich . Yaniv . Graphic Videos and Incitement: How the IDF Is Misleading Israelis on Telegram . Haaretz . 13 December 2023.
  211. Web site: Kubovich . Yaniv . Israeli Army Admits Running Unauthorized Graphic Gaza Influence Op . Haaretz . 5 February 2024.
  212. Web site: Galvin . Christopher . Israeli Military Exposed as Mastermind Behind Infamous Anti-Palestine Social Media Account: Report . https://web.archive.org/web/20231212160859/https://themessenger.com/news/israeli-military-exposed-as-mastermind-behind-infamous-anti-palestine-social-media-account-report . dead . December 12, 2023 . The Messenger . 12 December 2023 . 13 December 2023.
  213. Web site: Benjakob . Omer . Israel Has Bought a Mass Online Influence System to Counter Antisemitism, Hamas Atrocity Denial . Haaretz . 22 January 2024.
  214. Web site: Germany denounces Israeli settlement plans in postwar Gaza . Al Jazeera . 30 January 2024.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Israeli government response to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel".

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