| Group: | Israeli Australians |
| Population: | Israeli 9,817 (by birth, 2016 Census)[1] 25,778 (by ancestry, 2011 Census) |
| Regions: | Sydney Melbourne |
| Langs: | Australian English Hebrew Arabic Russian |
| Rels: | Judaism is the largest faith among Israeli Australians and Israelis in generalIslamChristianity, Druze. |
| Related: | Australian Jews, Arab Australians |
Israeli Australians refers to Australian citizens or permanent residents who are fully or partially of Israeli descent. The population colloquially refer to themselves as Ausraelis.[2]
The most recent Australian census of 2016 recorded 9,817 Israeli Australians. This is a 6.4% increase from the previous 2011 Census.[3]
The largest percentage of Israeli Australians live within the state of Victoria, closely followed by New South Wales.[4]
The majority of Israeli Australians are Jewish. However, there are a small number of Palestinian Christians and Muslims who immigrated to Australia while originally having Israeli citizenship.
Most Israeli Australians are bilingual in Hebrew and English. There is a dedicated Hebrew language radio programme on the Special Broadcasting Service,[5] as well as Israeli podcasts broadcast from J-Air.[6]
There are also several notable Israeli Australian community groups including the Association of Israelis in Australia (AIA)[2] and the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC).[7]
Israeli Australians also host and participate in a number of notable community events such as Yom Hazikaron and Yom Haatzmaut as well as ISraeli film festivals and traditional dance classes and performances.
Politically Israeli Australians are diverse in their perspectives on the ongoing conflict in Israel. However, the group occasionally is cited in mainstream media such as controversy surrounding the 2016 VCE exams as well as the 2022 Sydney Festival.
It has been suggested that people from the geographic region of Israel have been immigrating to Australia since the nineteenth century.[8] However, since the state of Israel's establishment in 1948, the population of the area doubled due to the arrival of Jewish people from all over the world immigrating to Israel.[4] [8] Israeli immigrants were first recorded in Australia in 1954.[8]
Many Israeli Australians moved from Europe to Australia after the Second World War, then returned to Israel to start families before immigrating to Australia.[4]
67.7% of Israel-born Australians arrived before 2007, compared to the total oversea-born population of 61.8%. Since then, the Israeli-born Australian population has steadily grown by several hundred per year.[4]
The Israeli Australian population is slightly older than the average for the total Australian population with a median age of 42 years compared to 38 years.
In the most recent census, 5,422 male Israeli Australians were recorded and 4,391 female. This equates to a gender ration of 123 males per 100 females.
It is indicated that Israeli Australians live predominantly within urban areas of Victoria and New South Wales. 85% (7,947) of all Israeli Australians live in these two states.[4] The largest population of Israeli Australians reside in Victoria (4,353), followed by New South Wales (3,594), Queensland (738) and Western Australia (697).[4] The 2016 Census report does not include population in the Northern Territory, South Australia, Tasmania or the Australian Capital Territory.
Within Victoria, 80% of all Israeli Australians live in the Glen Eira, described by Daeshi Lawrence to be “the heart of Melbourne's Jewish community”.[9] Within New South Wales many Israeli Australians live in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney.[9]
The main languages spoken by Israeli Australians are Hebrew, English and Arabic. 6,874 Israeli Australians reported speaking a language other than English at home.[4]
The Special Broadcasting Service in Australia presents a Hebrew language radio show and maintains a website[5] and J-Air hosts a Jewish Australian internet radio broadcast in four languages.[6]
In 2016 the median weekly income for Israeli Australians over the age of 15 years old was $842 AUD. The median income for the total overseas-born population of Australia was $615 AUD and for the Australian born population $688 AUD.[4] As well as this 40% of Israeli Australians earn a weekly income over $1000 AUD. This figure is 15% larger than that of the total Australian population.[9]
For Israeli Australians aged 15 years and older, there was a workforce participation rate of 70.2% and an unemployment rate of 6.1%. This is higher than for the total Australian population with a participation rate of 64.6% and 6.9% unemployment rate.
Of this population 65.1% of all working Israeli Australians were employed in managerial, professional or trade occupations.
According to the 2016 census, 69.4% of Israeli Australians over 15 years old “had some form of higher non-school qualification”.[4] This is 9.3% higher than that of the total Australian population.[4]
In 2016, 77% of Israeli Australians stated that they were religious .[4] Of this portion 6,089 identified as Jewish, 529 as Catholic and 287 as Eastern Orthodox.
This being said despite census data there is growing literature indicating Israeli Australian detachment from the wider Australian Jewish Community. Ran Porat claims that Israeli Australians rank the highest in terms of low identification with the Australian Jewish Community and exhibit a low sense of belonging and lack of engagement. In a survey completed by Gen17 close to a quarter of Israeli Australians indicated they felt either "somewhat connected" or "very unconnected" to the wider Jewish community and 20% stated they considered belonging to the Jewish Community as either "very unimportant" pr "fairly unimportant".
The 2016 Census does not mention Islamic Israelis. Although, Australia does not recognise Palestine as a state,[10] in 2001 the Australian Census collected ancestral data of its population and found 7000 Palestinian Australians.[11] While the region of Palestine lies within Israel, Palestinian Australians are not counted in recent Census data unless they choose to identify themselves.[11] Accordingly, there is a lack of clear data on Islamic Israelis and Palestinians in Australia.
The Israeli Australian community also holds and participates in several annual events and celebrations. For example, Israeli Australians make up the largest proportion of attendees at Yom Hazikaron ceremonies,[12] the memorial day for those who died defending the state of Israel,[13] and Yom Haatzmaut community events, the celebration of Israeli independence.[13]
As well as this, an annual Israeli film festival is held in Australia, promoted by the Israeli Embassy in Australia. The Festival is called “Jerusalem Cinematheque New Zealand and Australia Film Series” and consists of 12 weekly screenings.[14]
Israeli dancing classes and performances also take place throughout the year within Australia.[15] Israeli folk dancing acts as both a way for Israeli Australians to stay in touch with their community and has been called "a Unifier of the Jewish Community".[16]
As well as this prominent Israeli dancing groups perform at festivals throughout Australia. In January 2022 Batsheva Dance Company partnered with Israeli choreographer Ohad Naharin to bring Israeli dance to mainstream Australia through the event Decadance at the Sydney Festival in 2022.[17]
Given political tension within the state of Israel since the mid twentieth century, there are varied stances on the conflict within the Israeli Australian community. 76% of Israeli Australians consider themselves Zionists, 76% keep up with the news in Israel and 86% feel "a sense of responsibility to ensure that the State of Israel continues to exist". On top of this between 2008 and 2012 400 Israeli Australians returned to Israel for compulsory military service[18]
The co-CEO of the Executive Council of Australian Jewry Alex Ryvchin told the Australian Broadcasting Company:
“"[In] the Australian-Jewish community overwhelmingly there is support for a two-state solution”.[19]
Notwithstanding this statement, Ryvchin also supports Israeli retaliation and has openly criticised Palestinian leadership.[19]
In 2016, Israeli Australian political groups were reported on by the Australian media as they stood against the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority following the inclusion of a play by Palestinian Australian playwright Samah Sabawi, submitting that the play was one sided and would create a hostile environment for Jewish students.[20]
On top of this Israeli Australian community groups such as the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, use their platform as a means to push political messages. The Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council seeks to limit anti-Israeli bias and publish their own media in order to provide an Israeli Australian perspective on the conflict. The Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council also advise the Australian Government on how best to legislatively address antisemitism.
In 2022 the Israeli Embassy in Australia partially sponsored the Sydney Festival and more specifically the production of Ohad Naharin's Decadance by the Sydney Dance Company. For Israeli Australians this acts as a way to bring their culture into the mainstream light and act as a community event to celebrate Israeli Dance.[21] However, the partnership with the Israeli embassy has resulted in boycotts from three arts organisations and several acts scheduled to perform at the festival. Such acts include artist Khaled Sabsabi, rapper Barkindji, dance company Bindi Bosses, the Arab Theatre Studio, the Bankstown Poetry Slam and comedian Nazeem Hussain.[21]
Overall, Israeli Australians a more critical of Israel than the wider Jewish Community in Australia. Ran Porat found that 71% of Israeli Australians believe that there is too much corruption in Israel compared to 46% for the total Australian Jewish population. As well as this 52% of Israeli Australians believe that people who are not Jewish suffer in Israel compared to 35% for the total Jewish Population in Australia.