| Israel Wachser | |
| Native Name: | ישראל וואקסער |
| Native Name Lang: | he |
| Birth Place: | Dashiv, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Death Place: | Krivozer, Podolian Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Language: | Yiddish, Hebrew |
Israel Wachser (; 1892 – 24 May 1919) was a Russian writer of Yiddish and Hebrew short stories and children's literature.
Wachser was born to Aryeh Yehuda-Leib ha-Kohen in Dashiv, Russian Empire. He was educated by his father, who served as rabbi in the town (later in Tulchyn and Pestshan, Podolia), was well-versed in Russian, Hebrew, and Yiddish literature, and occasionally contributed to the Maskilic Hebrew periodicals Ha-Melitz, Ha-Tzfira, and .
By the beginning of World War I, Wachser had begun working as a teacher in Kiev, and writing Hebrew and Yiddish poetry and prose. In 1916, he took a teaching position in a school for refugees in Baku, but was forced to flee the city amid the beginning of the Armenian–Azerbaijani War. He hastily destroyed most of his writings before leaving, although his older brother was able to save the remaining part of his work. Wachser spent some time in Odesa before settling in the Podolian town of Krivozer.
Along with several other young Jews, he was killed on 24 May 1919 while defending the local Jewish population from Ukrainian pogromists.
Wachser published only one piece while alive, a Hebrew short story in Ha-mevaser ha-kavkazi (Baku, 1915). He left numerous works in manuscript: the plays On kinder ('Without Children'), Af mesires-nefesh ('Out of Devotion'), and Bay di ibergeblibene ('With the Survivors'), the stories Naftoli der soyfer ('Naftoli the Scribe'), A kindele ('A Small Child'), Der khoyv ('The Debt'), and Der nitsokhn (Victory), the poem "Dos indzele un di yam-tekhter" ('The Island and the Sea-Girl'), and a series of children tales.
After his death, four of his children's stories in Yiddish were published in one collection by Eliezer Steinberg. His brother Menashe Wachser, then the Director of a Hebrew high school in Rishkani, Bessarabia, had two of Wachser's fairy tales published in the third volumes of Rimon and in 1923, together with prefaces by Hayim Nahman Bialik. Further publications and translations of Wachser's work would follow.
Collections of manuscripts, correspondences, clippings, and photographs of Wachser are held at the Jewish Theological Seminary and YIVO Archives in New York City.[1] [2]