| Israel F. Fischer | |
| Office: | Presiding Judge of the United States Customs Court |
| Term Start: | 1927 |
| Term End: | 1932 |
| Predecessor: | William Barberie Howell |
| Successor: | George M. Young |
| Office1: | Judge of the United States Customs Court |
| Term Start1: | May 28, 1926 |
| Term End1: | March 31, 1932 |
| Appointer1: | operation of law |
| Predecessor1: | Seat established by 44 Stat. 669 |
| Successor1: | Frederick W. Dallinger |
| Office2: | President of the Board of General Appraisers |
| Term Start2: | 1902 |
| Term End2: | 1905 |
| Predecessor2: | Charles H. Ham |
| Successor2: | Marion De Vries |
| Office3: | Member of the Board of General Appraisers |
| Term Start3: | May 9, 1899 |
| Term End3: | May 28, 1926 |
| Appointer3: | William McKinley |
| Predecessor3: | Ferdinand N. Shurtleff |
| Successor3: | Seat abolished |
| State4: | New York |
| District4: | 4th |
| Term Start4: | March 4, 1895 |
| Term End4: | March 3, 1899 |
| Predecessor4: | William J. Coombs |
| Successor4: | Bertram Tracy Clayton |
| Birth Name: | Israel Frederick Fischer |
| Birth Date: | 17 August 1858 |
| Birth Place: | New York City, New York |
| Death Place: | New York City, New York |
| Resting Place: | Maimonides Cemetery Brooklyn, New York |
| Party: | Republican |
| Education: | Attended Cooper Union; read law |
Israel Frederick Fischer (August 17, 1858 – March 16, 1940) was a United States representative from New York, a judge and Presiding Judge of the United States Customs Court and a member and President of the Board of General Appraisers.
Born on August 17, 1858, in New York City, New York, Fischer attended the public schools and Cooper Institute (now Cooper Union) in New York City and moved to Brooklyn, New York in September 1887. He was employed as a clerk in a law office, where he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1879. He entered private practice in New York City from 1880 to 1895. He was a member of the executive committee of the Republican state committee from 1888 to 1890.
Fischer was elected as a Republican from New York's 4th congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 54th and 55th United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1895, to March 3, 1899. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1898 to the 56th United States Congress.
Fischer received a recess appointment from President William McKinley on May 2, 1899, to a seat on the Board of General Appraisers vacated by member Ferdinand N. Shurtleff. He was nominated to the same position by President McKinley on December 15, 1899. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 17, 1900, and received his commission on January 22, 1900. He served as President from 1902 to 1905. Fischer was reassigned by operation of law to the United States Customs Court on May 28, 1926, to a new Associate Justice seat (Judge from June 17, 1930) authorized by 44 Stat. 669. He served as Chief Justice (Presiding Judge from June 17, 1930) from 1927 to 1932. His service terminated on March 31, 1932, due to his retirement. He was succeeded by Judge Frederick W. Dallinger.
Fischer was a delegate to the International Customs Congress held in New York City in 1903. He died on March 16, 1940, in New York City. He was interred in Maimonides Cemetery in Brooklyn.