Isostichopus badionotus explained

Isostichopus badionotus, also known as the chocolate chip cucumber or the cookie dough sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Stichopodidae. This common species is found in warm parts of the Atlantic Ocean.

Description

This is a large species that can grow to a length of 45cm (18inches), but the average adult size is about 21abbr=onNaNabbr=on.[1] It has distinctive dark coloured "warts" in three coarse rows on its dorsal surface, the rest of the body may vary from white through to shades of orange to brown, with sometimes large brownish stains. The mouth is located ventrally and surrounded by about 20 large tentacles.

Habitat and range

This species is widespread in the warm Atlantic, where found from North Carolina (USA), through the Caribbean, to north Brazil, at Ascension Island and in the Gulf of Guinea.[1] It is found at depths between 0and(-).

It inhabits shallow waters, in a wide variety of bottoms (sand, mud, rock, seaweeds...).

Reproduction

Similar to other tropical Holothuroidea, the Isostichopus badiontus is dioecious. Males and females release their gametes into water where fertilization happens externally. A study in the Caribbean Sea observed that the species has an increase in reproductive activity when temperatures increase.[2]

Conservation status

As bottom feeders, Isostichopus badionotus individuals are threatened by contaminated substrates due to metals left behind by boats.[3] Additionally, they are popular in Asian cuisine, and are also threatened by illegal fishing and trafficking.[4] [5]

References

Notes and References

  1. Steven W. Purcell, Yves Samyn and Chantal Conand, Commercially important sea cucumbers of the world, Roma, FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes Nb. 6, 2012, 233 p. .
  2. Guzmán. H.. Guevara. C.. Hernández. I. . amp . February 2003. Reproductive cycle of two commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Caribbean Panama. Marine Biology. en. 142. 2. 271–279. 10.1007/s00227-002-0939-x . 86373107.
  3. Web site: Rangel. Celia. Isostichopus badionotus. 2021-03-23. Animal Diversity Web. en.
  4. Gore. Meredith L.. Bennett. Abigail. 2021-02-18. Importance of deepening integration of crime and conservation sciences. Conservation Biology. 36. 1. en. cobi.13710. 10.1111/cobi.13710. 33600003. 9291754 . 0888-8892. free.
  5. 2020-02-01. Rise and decline of the sea cucumber fishery in Campeche Bank, Mexico. Ocean & Coastal Management. en. 184. 105011. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105011. 0964-5691. Gamboa-Álvarez. Miguel Ángel. López-Rocha. Jorge Alberto. Poot-López. Gaspar Román. Aguilar-Perera. Alfonso. Villegas-Hernández. Harold. 211343531.