Isobutylgermane Explained

Isobutylgermane (IBGe, Chemical formula: (CH3)2CHCH2GeH3, is an organogermanium compound. It is a colourless, volatile liquid that is used in MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) as an alternative to germane. IBGe is used in the deposition of Ge films and Ge-containing thin semiconductor films such as SiGe in strained silicon application, and GeSbTe in NAND Flash applications.

Properties

IBGe is a non-pyrophoric liquid source for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of semiconductors. It possesses very high vapor pressure and is considerably less hazardous than germane gas. IBGe also offers lower decomposition temperature (the onset of decomposition at ca. 325-350 °C).,[1] coupled with advantages of low carbon incorporation and reduced main group elemental impurities in epitaxially grown germanium comprising layers such as Ge, SiGe, SiGeC, strained silicon, GeSb, and GeSbTe.

Uses

Rohm and Haas (now part of The Dow Chemical Company), IMEM, and CNRS have developed a process to grow germanium films on germanium at low temperatures in a Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor using isobutylgermane. The research targets Ge/III-V hetero devices.[2] [3] It has been demonstrated that the growth of high quality germanium films at temperatures as low as 350 °C can be achieved.[4] [5] The low growth temperature of 350 °C achievable with this new precursor has eliminated the memory effect of germanium in III-V materials. Recently IBGe is used to deposit Ge epitaxial films on a Si or Ge substrate, followed by the MOVPE deposition of InGaP and InGaAs layers with no memory effect, to enable triple-junction solar cells and integration of III-V compounds with silicon and germanium.It was demonstrated that isobutylgermane could be also used for the growth of germanium nanowires using gold as catalyst [6]

References

  1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022024806010165 Safer alternative liquid germanium precursors for relaxed graded SiGe layers and strained silicon by MOVPE
  2. 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.094 . Designing novel organogermanium OMVPE precursors for high-purity germanium films . 2006 . Woelk . Egbert . Shenai-Khatkhate . Deodatta V. . Dicarlo . Ronald L. . Amamchyan . Artashes . Power . Michael B. . Lamare . Bruno . Beaudoin . Grégoire . Sagnes . Isabelle . Journal of Crystal Growth . 287 . 2 . 684–687 . 2006JCrGr.287..684W .
  3. Shenai-Khatkhate et al., Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials; Presentation at ACCGE-16, Montana, USA, July 11, 2005, and publication in Journal of Crystal Growth (2006)
  4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.04.009 MOVPE growth of homoepitaxial germanium
  5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.137 Homo and Hetero Epitaxy of Germanium Using Isobutylgermane
  6. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aaf623/meta Growth of germanium nanowires with isobuthyl germane

Further reading

Article in French from LPN-CNRS, France.

Journal of Crystal Growth, January 25, 2006.
Semiconductor International, April 1, 2006.
Deo Shenai and Egbert Woelk, Presentation at 210th ECS Meeting, Cancun, Mexico, October 29, 2006.

External links