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The IJHL shares its name with a former league, which competed at the Junior "A" level in the same region from 1973 to 1991.
Since being founded in 1996, the IJHL has been strictly a Junior B League, one tier below the Junior A Maritime Junior Hockey League and two tiers below the Junior ice hockey#Major JuniorQuebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League, which both have teams located in Prince Edward Island.
In 2002, the O'Leary Eagles won the Don Johnson Cup as Maritime Junior B champions. Nine years later, in 2011, the Kensington Vipers repeated the act as Maritime champions, following up their success again in 2013 and 2023 respectively.
Following the 2021-22, the league lost both the Western Red Wings and Eastern Maniacs but added the Kings County Rivermen. With only 3 remaining teams, the league negotiated to play regular season games with the New Brunswick Junior B Hockey League (NBJHL), with PEI holding their own playoff series.
For the 2023-24 season, the Sherwood Metros and Kings County Rivermen merged and, along with Kensington, will once again compete in the NBJHL to determine the PEI representative for the Don Johnson Memorial Cup.
| Team | Centre | Joined | |
| Kensington Vipers | Kensington | 1998 | |
| Sherwood Metros | Sherwood | 2001 |
| 1997 | Sherwood Falcons | |||
| 1998 | Kings County Sharks | |||
| 1999 | Kings County Sharks | |||
| 2000 | Summerside Red Wings | |||
| 2001 | Sherwood Falcons | |||
| 2002 | O'Leary Eagles | Sherwood Falcons | 4–1 | |
| 2003 | Sherwood Falcons | Kensington Vipers | 4–3 | |
| 2004 | Kensington Vipers | Sherwood Falcons | 4–1 | |
| 2005 | Kensington Vipers | Sherwood Falcons | 4–3 | |
| 2006 | Sherwood Falcons | Kensington Vipers | 4–2 | |
| 2007 | Kensington Vipers | South Shore Red Wings | 4–1 | |
| 2008 | Kensington Vipers | Sherwood Falcons | 4–2 | |
| 2009 | Sherwood Falcons | Kensington Vipers | 4–2 | |
| 2010 | Kensington Vipers | Sherwood Falcons | 4–3 | |
| 2011 | Kensington Vipers | Down East Maniacs | 4–0 | |
| 2012 | Kensington Vipers | Western Red Wings | 4–0 | |
| 2013 | Kensington Vipers | Western Red Wings | 4–0 | |
| 2014 | Kensington Vipers | Montague Maniacs | 4–0 | |
| 2015 | Kensington Vipers | Western Red Wings | 4–0 | |
| 2016 | Kensington Vipers | Western Red Wings | 4–3 | |
| 2017 | Western Red Wings[1] | Kensington Vipers | 4–3 | |
| 2018 | Western Red Wings[2] | Sherwood Metros | 4–2 | |
| 2019 | Western Red Wings[3] | Kensington Vipers | 4–1 | |
| 2020 | Playoffs cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic | |||
| 2021 | Western Red Wings | Sherwood Metros | 4–1 | |
| 2022 | Sherwood Metros | Western Red Wings | 4–0 | |
| 2023 | Kensington Vipers | Sherwood Metros | 4–1 | |
| 2024 | Kensington Vipers | Sherwood Metros | 4–0 | |