List of Muslim states and dynasties explained
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.
The first-ever establishment of an Islamic polity goes back to the Islamic State of Medina, which was established by Muhammad in the city of Medina in 622 CE. Following his death in 632 CE, his immediate successors established the Rashidun Caliphate. After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire,[1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India.
By land area
!No!Dynasty/State!Land area!Today part of!Period1 | Abbasid Caliphate | 11.1m² Km | • Iraq •![](../images/flags.16x11/SA.gif) • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/EG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/YE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/DZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/OM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BH.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/QA.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/JO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LB.gif) • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LY.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KW.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CY.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CN.gif) | 750–12581261–1517 |
2 | Umayyad Caliphate | 11.1m² Km | • Iraq •![](../images/flags.16x11/SA.gif) • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/EG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/YE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/DZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/OM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BH.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/QA.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/FR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/ES.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PT.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/MA.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/EH.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/JO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LB.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LY.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KW.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CY.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) | 661–750 |
3 | Rashidun Caliphate | 6.4m² Km | • Iraq •![](../images/flags.16x11/SA.gif) • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/EG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/YE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/DZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/OM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BH.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/QA.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/JO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LB.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LY.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KW.gif) • | 632–661 |
4 | | 6.0m² Km | • •![](../images/flags.16x11/UA.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/HU.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PL.gif) • | 1313–1502 (Islamic) |
5 | | 5.2m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/EG.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/AL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LB.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/DZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/HU.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IQ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BA.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CY.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/UA.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/SA.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/LY.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/JO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/RO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/SD.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/SO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/ET.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/DJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/YE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KW.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/SI.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/SK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/RS.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/BG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/HR.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/ER.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/ME.gif) | 1299–1922 |
6 | Timurid empire | 4.4m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IQ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) | 1370–1507 |
7 | | 4.1m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/EG.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/LB.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/JO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/DZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/MA.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LY.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/SA.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IQ.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IT.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/SD.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TD.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/NE.gif) | 909–1171 |
8 | Mughal Empire | 4.0m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BD.gif) • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/MM.gif) | 1526–1857 |
9 | Seljuk Empire | 3.9m² Km | • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IQ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/OM.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/BH.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/QA.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/LB.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/IL.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/JO.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) | 1037–1194 |
10 | Ilkhanate | 3.75m² Km | • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TR.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/GE.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) | 1295–1335 (Islamic) |
11 | Khwarazmian Empire | 3.6m² Km | • •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AF.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KZ.gif) | 1077–1231 |
12 | Chagatai Khanate | 3.5m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/CN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/MN.gif) • | 1347–1660 (Islamic) |
13 | Ghaznavid Empire | 3.4m² Km | • • •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/CN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) | 977–1186 |
14 | Delhi Sultanate | 3.2m²km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/IN.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/BD.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AF.gif) | 1206–1526 |
15 | Safavid Empire | 2.9m² Km | • •![](../images/flags.16x11/AF.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/AZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/IQ.gif) • | 1501–1736 |
16 | Samanid Dynasty | 2.85m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/AF.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/KZ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/KG.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) | 819–999 |
17 | Saffarid Dynasty | 2.85m² Km | •![](../images/flags.16x11/AF.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/PK.gif) • •![](../images/flags.16x11/TJ.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/TM.gif) •![](../images/flags.16x11/UZ.gif) | 861–1003 | |
Middle East and North Africa
See main article: MENA.
Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)
- Umayyad caliphate (661–750, based in Damascus)
- Abbasid caliphate (750–1258, based in Baghdad)
- Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341, based in Damascus and Aleppo)
- Zengid dynasty (1127–1250, based in Aleppo)
- Annazids (991–1258; Kurdistan)
- Burid dynasty (1104–1154)
- Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004, based in Aleppo)
- Uqaylid dynasty (990–1096; Syria, Iraq)
- Bani Assad (990–1081, Iraq)
- Numayrid (990–1081; Syria, Turkey)
- Marwanid (983–1085; Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Iraq)
- Mirdasid dynasty (1024–1080, Syria)
- Artuqids (1101–1409; Syria, Turkey, Iraq)
- Baban (1649–1851, Iraq)
- Soran (1816–1835, Iraq)
- Emirate of Hakkari (1380s–1845; Turkey, Syria)
- Bahdinan (1339–1843, Iraq)
- Bohtan (1330–1855)
- Principality of Bitlis (1182–1847)
- Hadhabani (906–1070)
- Mukriyan (1050–1500)
- Qarghuyah, Emirate of Aleppo (969–977)
- Nizari Ismaili state (1090–1256; Iraq, Iran, Syria)
- Emirate of Aleppo, Lulu' dynasty (1004–1016)
- Assaf dynasty (1306–1591, Lebanon)
- Harfush dynasty (1517–1865, Lebanon, Syria)
- Mamluk dynasty of Iraq (1734–1831)
- Emirate of Mosul (905–1096, 1127–1222, 1254–1383, 1758–1918)
- Emirate of Transjordan (1921–1946; Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq)
- Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
- Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958)
- Kingdom of Jordan (1921–present)
Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf
See main article: Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
Qatar
Kuwait
- House of Al-Sabah (1752–present)
United Arab Emirates
Oman
- Sultanate of Zafar (1421–1975)
- Imamate of Oman (750–1696)
- Omani Empire (1696–1856)
- Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)
- Sultanate of Oman (1970–present)
Yemen
Regional
North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)
Algeria
Egypt
Tunisia
Morocco
Libya
Horn of Africa
Somalia
Ethiopia
Eritrea
Djibouti
Persian Plateau
Iran
Anatolia (Turkey)
See main article: Anatolian Beyliks.
Azerbaijan
Armenia
Georgia
Caucasus
Afghanistan
Indian subcontinent
Bangladesh
Pakistan
India
Southern Europe
Spain & Portugal
France
Umayyad Caliph of Cordova Italy
Gibraltar
- Gibraltar Maghreb (711–1462)
Sahel and Subsaharan Africa
Sudan, South Sudan
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Mali
Regional
- Fulani Empire of Sokoto (1804–1903)
- Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Macina of Seku Amadu (1818–1862)
- Fulani or Fulbe Empire of El Hajj Oumar Tall, Toucouleur Empire (1848–1898)
- Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Bundu (state) of Malick Daouda Sy (1669–1954)
- Kanem Empire (700–1380)
- Bornu Empire (1380–1893)
- Wadai Empire (1501–1912)
- Ghana Empire (500–1200)
- Mali Empire (1230–1670)
Cameroon
Benin
Burkina Faso
Chad
Central African Republic
Côte d'Ivoire
Ghana
- Dagbon Kingdom (1409–present)
- Kingdom of Wala (1317–present)
- Mamprusi (1450–present)
- Nanumba (1850–present)
- Gonja kingdom (1564–present)
- Zabarima Emirate (1860–1897)
Senegal
Gambia
- Baro Kingdom (1600–1892)
- Fuladugu Kingdom (1867–present)
- Marabout Kingdom (1851–1887)
Guinea
- Benna Kingdom (1858–1904)
- Bramaya Kingdom (1800–1883)
- Dubreka Kingdom (1800–1888)
- Fuuta Jalon (1726–1912)
- Kanea Kingdom (1800–1880)
- Kinsam Kingdom (1850–1894)
- Koba Kingdom (1700–1898)
- Landuma Kingdom (1700–1892)
- Nalu Kingdom (1845–1884)
- Samburu Kingdom (1700–1892)
- Solima Kingdom (1850–1894)
- Timbi Tunni Kingdom (1800–1890)
Guinea-Bissau
Togo
Sierra Leone
East Africa ("Swahili Coast")
Tanzania
Kenya
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Malawi
Mozambique
- Angoche Sultanate (1485–1910)
- Kitangonya Sheikhdom (1750–1906)
- Sankul Sheikhdom (1753–1910)
Indian Ocean Region
Maldives
- Sultanate of Maldives (1153–1968)
Mayotte
Comoros
- The Sultanate of Ndzuwani (1711–1912)
- The Sultanate of Ngazidjia (1400–1912) also known as the Sultanate of Bambao
- The Sultanate of Mwali (1830–1909)
- The Sultanate of Bajini (1500–1889)
- The Sultanate of Itsandra (1400–1886)
- The Sultanate of Mitsamihuli
- The Sultanate of Washili
- The Sultanate of Hambuu
- The Sultanate of Hamahame
- The Sultanate of Mbwankuu
- The Sultanate of Mbude The Sultanate of Domba
Madagascar
Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)
Ukraine, Moldova
Romania, Bulgaria
Greece
Albania
Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)
Central Asia, East Asia
Transoxania (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan)
Mongolia and China
Southeast Asia
Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Cambodia, Vietnam
Myanmar
See also
Notes and References
- Book: Levy-Rubin, Milka . Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire . 2011 . Cambridge University Press . 978-1108449618 . Cambridge . 102–103 . 10.1017/cbo9780511977435.
- Book: Jo Van Steenbergen . A History of the Islamic World, 600–1800: Empire, Dynastic Formations, and Heterogeneities in Pre-Modern Islamic West-Asia . Routledge . 2020 . 978-1000093070 . 2.1.
- Libyan Studies . Society . 2004 . Libyan Studies: Annual Report of the Society for Libyan Studies . Society for Libyan Studies (London, England) . 35.
- News: Burgos . Nestor Jr. . Royal decree creates Sultanate of Panay in Capiz . 22 May 2022 . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 3 June 2012 . en.
- Book: Yegar, Moshe. Between integration and secession: The Muslim communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma / Myanmar. 2002. Lexington Books. Lanham, MD. 0739103563. 8 July 2012. 23.