Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) explained
The Islamic State insurgency in Iraq is an ongoing low-intensity insurgency that began in 2017 after the Islamic State (IS) lost its territorial control in the War in Iraq, during which IS and allied White Flags fought the Iraqi military (largely backed by the United States, United Kingdom and other countries conducting airstrikes against IS) and allied paramilitary forces (largely backed by Iran).
Context
The insurgency is a direct continuation of the War in Iraq from 2013 to 2017, with IS continuing armed opposition against the Shia-led Iraqi Government. Along with the Islamic State, other insurgents fighting the government include a group known as the White Flags which is reportedly composed of former IS members and Kurdish rebels and is believed by the government of Iraq to be part of Ansar al-Islam and possibly affiliated with al-Qaeda.[15] The group operates mostly in the Kirkuk Governorate and has used an assortment of guerilla tactics against government forces. In September 2017, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of IS, called on IS supporters around the world to launch attacks on Western news media and continued in his message the IS must focus on combating the two-pronged attack on the Muslim Ummah; these statements marked a departure from previous rhetoric which was focused on the state building of IS and heralded a shift in IS's strategy toward a classical insurgency.[16]
Course of the insurgency
Since IS's loss of all territory in Iraq in late 2017 which was declared as Iraq's victory over IS and widely seen as an end to the war, and declared as such by Iraq's Prime Minister Haidar al-Abadi,[17] multiple incidents of violence have occurred being carried out by the conflicting sides, in spite of Iraq's declaration of victory over IS the group is widely seen as far from gone and continues to retain a presence throughout Iraq, and still capable of carrying out attacks and skirmishes with pro-government forces.[18] IS has been waging a guerrilla war with a strong presence in the governorates of Kirkuk, Diyala, Saladin, and Sulaymaniyah, with local forces largely ill-equipped and inexperienced, IS has also taken advantage of the areas' rough terrain to carry out operations. IS has also made a notable presence in the cities of Kirkuk, Hawija and Tuz Khurmato and has carried out attacks at night in rural areas.
IS fighters also reportedly move through villages during the day without interference from security forces, and locals have been asked by IS to give fighters food and give information on the whereabouts of Iraqi personnel, locals have also stated that IS fighters will frequently enter into Mosques and ask for Zakat to fund the insurgency. Among IS's operations include assassinations, kidnappings, raids and ambushes.[19]
As of 2021, U.S. officials warned that IS "remains capable of waging a prolonged insurgency” but also described IS in Iraq as "diminished”. Iraqi intelligence estimated that IS has 2,000–3,000 fighters in Iraq.[20] [21]
Following IS's defeat in December 2017, they have been greatly weakened and violence in Iraq has been sharply reduced. 23 civilians lost their lives from violence-related incidents during November 2021, the lowest figure in 18 years.[22]
Timeline
2018
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2018). In 2018, 3,643 IS militants, 937 Iraqi security forces, 11 American service members, 1 British service member were killed. The death toll in this year was noted to be the lowest since 2003, when the United States invaded the country.[23]
Notable events this year include:
2019
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2019). In 2019, 1,129 IS militants and 387 Iraqi security forces soldiers were killed.[24]
Notable events this year include:
- 2019 Karbala bombing: On 20 September, 2019, a bomb exploded on a minibus near Karbala, Iraq, killing 12 civilians and injuring at least five others. The bombing was one of the worst attacks against civilians since the end of the War in Iraq of 2013 to 2017.
- 2019 K-1 Air Base attack: A rocket attack was carried out on the K-1 Air Base in Kirkuk province in Iraq on 27 December 2019. The air base was one of many Iraqi military bases that host Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) personnel and, according to the coalition, was attacked by more than 30 rockets. The identity of the perpetrators is disputed.
2020
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2020). In 2020, 777 IS militants and 412 Iraqi security forces soldiers were killed.[25]
Notable events this year include:
2021
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2021). In 2021, 487 IS militants and 409 Iraqi security forces soldiers were killed.[26]
Notable events this year include:
2022
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2022). In 2022, 564 IS militants and 183 Iraqi security forces soldiers were killed. Furthermore, one US Marine died of non-combat related causes.[27]
Notable events this year include:
2023
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2023). In 2023, 281 IS militants, 61 Iraqi security forces and 3 French soldiers were killed.[28]
2024
See main article: Timeline of Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2024).
See also
Notes and References
- News: For this Iraqi tribe massacred by Isis, the fear never truly goes away. Independent. 2018-10-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20181006121552/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-tribe-isis-massacre-war-hit-albu-nimr-baghdad-sunni-a8431466.html. 2018-10-06. live.
- News: U.S.-backed Syrian forces resume battle against Islamic State. May 2018. Reuters. 2018-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20181202074424/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-backed-syrian-forces-resume-battle-against-islamic-state-idUSKBN1I2390. 2018-12-02. live.
- Web site: Dutch army to continue support for Kurdish Peshmerga forces. Kurdistan24. 2018-10-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20181006234842/http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/c67655a0-7f88-4aff-ae58-b0f58676a9b8. 2018-10-06. live.
- News: ((Reuters Staff)). 2021-10-11. Iraqi forces capture deputy of IS slain leader Baghdadi – PM. Reuters. 2021-10-11.
- Web site: عاجل ... لواء علي الأكبر يتقدم بأربعة محاور من شمال الطوز للقضاء على الرايات البيضاء. www.wr-news.net. 4 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329074521/http://www.wr-news.net/arabic/local/6754. 29 March 2019. live. dmy-all.
- Web site: Yuan. Shawn. Iraqi military marks 101st anniversary as US ends combat mission. 2022-01-12. www.aljazeera.com. en.
- Web site: National . The . 2023-03-13 . Iraqi general says there are only 5000 ISIS fighters left in Iraq . 2023-03-29 . The National . en.
- News: 7 US service members killed in Iraq helicopter crash – CNNPolitics . 2019-02-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181101060453/https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/15/politics/us-helicopter-crash-syria/index.html . 2018-11-01 . live.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2019-01-02 . 7,201 Killed in Iraq During 2018, Lowest Since US Invasion . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2023-01-02 . Iraq Annual Roundup: 1,681 Killed in 2022 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: 1 dead, others hurt after U.S. Helicopter crashes in Iraq . . 2019-02-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190124185655/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-blackhawk-helicopter-crashes-iraq-least-1-dead-n902111 . 2019-01-24 . live.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2019-01-02 . 7,201 Killed in Iraq During 2018, Lowest Since US Invasion . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2024-01-02 . Iraq Yearly Roundup: 757 Killed During 2023 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- References: Web site: Griffis. Margaret. 2019-01-02. 7,201 Killed in Iraq During 2018, Lowest Since US Invasion. 2021-08-11. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2020-01-02. Iraq Yearly Roundup: 3,092 People Were Killed in 2019. 2021-08-11. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2021-01-01. Iraq Yearly Roundup: 1,942 Killed During 2020. 2021-08-11. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-01-01. Iraq Yearly Roundup: 1,625 Killed During 2021. 2022-01-01. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-01-31. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 125 Killed in January. 2022-01-31. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-02-28. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 142 Killed in February. 2022-02-28. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-03-31. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 97 Killed During March. 2022-03-31. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-05-01. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 173 Killed During April. 2022-05-01. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-07-01. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 165 Killed in June. 2022-07-01. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-06-01. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 196 Killed During May. 2022-07-01. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-07-31. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 112 Killed. 2022-07-31. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-09-01. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 168 Killed. 2022-09-01. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-09-30. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 179 Killed during September. 2022-09-30. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-10-31. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 105 Killed in October. 2022-10-31. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2022-11-30. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 95 Killed. 2022-11-30. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2023-01-01. Iraq Annual Roundup: 1,681 Killed in 2022. 2023-01-01. Antiwar.com Original. Web site: 2023-02-01. Iraq Monthly Roundup: 49 Killed. 2023-01-01. Antiwar.com Original.
- Web site: A 'post-ISIS insurgency' is gaining steam in Iraq. Business Insider. 2018-10-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20181003181656/https://www.businessinsider.com/post-isis-insurgency-iraq-2018-4. 2018-10-03. live.
- Bilal. Giath. Defeating ISISl. Zenith. 22 December 2017.
- Web site: Iraq declares final victory over Islamic State. Maher. Chmaytelli. Reuters. 9 December 2017. 3 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180820043821/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-islamicstate/iraq-declares-final-victory-over-islamic-state-idUSKBN1E30B9. 20 August 2018. live. dmy-all.
- Web site: ISIS returns to Iraq, and a town confronts a new wave of terror. PBS NewsHour. 16 September 2018. 2018-10-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004010311/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/isis-returns-iraq-terror-hawija. 2018-10-04. live.
- Web site: The Underground Caliphate: ISIS Has Not Vanished. It Is Fighting a Guerrilla War Against the Iraqi State.. Simona. Foltyn. 16 September 2018. The Intercept. 3 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181014130150/https://theintercept.com/2018/09/16/isis-has-not-vanished-it-is-fighting-a-guerrilla-war-against-the-iraqi-state/. 14 October 2018. live. dmy-all.
- Web site: Islamic State Resilient as Ever in Iraq, Syria Voice of America – English. 2021-07-28. www.voanews.com.
- Web site: 2021-05-18. ISIS in Iraq: Weakened but Agile. 2021-07-28. Newlines Institute.
- Web site: Iraq Body Count. 2021-10-22. www.iraqbodycount.org.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2019-01-02 . 7,201 Killed in Iraq During 2018, Lowest Since US Invasion . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2020-01-02 . Iraq Yearly Roundup: 3,092 People Were Killed in 2019 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2021-01-01 . Iraq Yearly Roundup: 1,942 Killed During 2020 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2022-01-03 . Iraq Annual Roundup: 1,625 Killed During 2021 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2023-01-02 . Iraq Annual Roundup: 1,681 Killed in 2022 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.
- Web site: Griffis . Margaret . 2024-01-02 . Iraq Yearly Roundup: 757 Killed During 2023 . 2024-03-04 . Antiwar.com . en-US.