Islamic Resistance in Iraq explained

Islamic Resistance in Iraq
al-Moqawamat al-Islamiat fi al-Iraq
IRI
Native Name:المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق
Native Name Lang:ar
Ideology:Shia Islamism
Khomeinism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-Zionism
Anti-imperialism[1]
Leaders:Ahmad al-Hamidawi
Akram al-Kaabi
Qais Khazali
Abu Ala al-Walai
Haydar Muzhir Ma’lak al-Sa’idi
Clans:See groups
Size:70,000
Partof:Axis of Resistance
Allies:

Yemen (SPC)



Opponents: United States
Israel
Jordan
Battles:Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
Israel–Hamas war
Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
2024 Iran–Israel conflict
2024 Iranian strikes in Israel
Red Sea crisis

The Islamic Resistance in Iraq (IRI; Arabic: المقاومة الإسلامية في العراق|al-Moqawamat al-Islamiat fi al-Iraq) is a network of Iranian-backed Shia Islamist insurgent groups in Iraq. It is an umbrella term or generic name used by these groups, when carrying out attacks against American and allied forces in the region.[2] [3]

In October 2023, the IRI began launching rockets and drones at U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan and Syria, causing minor injuries to American servicemen until a drone attack killed three U.S. soldiers in Jordan on 28 January 2024.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Since November 2023, the IRI has attacked Israel with multiple drones and missiles.[9] Brain injuries were the most cited medical result of the five dozen attacks on U.S. forces and have initiated diplomatic efforts by U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and more directly by Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani on a visit to Tehran.[10] [11]

Groups

Operations in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria

See main article: Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present).

On 18 October 2023, amid the Israel–Hamas war, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq began waves of attacks on U.S. bases in both Iraq and Syria, beginning with the launching of a drone strike on al-Asad Airbase which was intercepted.[18] [19] [20]

On 24 October, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for multiple drone strikes on US bases in eastern Syria, notably al-Omar oil field in Deir ez-Zor Governorate and al-Shaddadi in the Al-Hasakah Governorate.[21]

On 5 November, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq issued a warning ahead of Antony Blinken's visit to Baghdad, saying "Antony Blinken, the son of a Jew, is not welcome in Iraq." As a result of the threats, Blinken wore a bulletproof vest when landing in Baghdad International Airport.

On 9 November, US forces were struck three separate times in 24 hours, including drone strikes in Al-Asad Airbase and Al-Harir Air Base, as well as an IED attack on a patrol near the Mosul Dam.[22]

On 20 November, eight US and coalition soldiers were injured from a ballistic missile attack, and there was minor infrastructural damage after the air base was attacked by a ballistic missile.[23]

On 25 December, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on the base which injured three US soldiers, one being critical.[24] [25]

On 18 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq claimed it shot down a US MQ-9 Reaper drone after it took off from Kuwait near Muqdadiyah, Diyala Governorate.[26] [27] On 20 January 2024, the group claimed a missile attack on the Ain Al-Asad Air Base in Al Anbar Govenorate, injuring two US personnel and one Iraqi personnel.[28] [29]

On 28 January, the IRI launched a drone attack on the Tower 22 US military outpost in Rukban, Jordan, killing 3 US soldiers and injuring 47 others.[8] [30]

On 4 February 2024, a drone struck a training ground in Al-Omar field in Deir ez-Zor, eastern Syria, which houses US troops, according to the Syrian Democratic Forces. Though no casualties were reported among US forces, at least seven Kurdish fighters were killed and 18 injured. The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for the attack.[31] [32] The SDF condemned the attack, and said it had "every right to respond".[33]

On 1 April 2024, Abu Ali al-Askari, security chief of Kata'ib Hezbollah, said the organisation was prepared to arm the Islamic Resistance in Jordan. He declared that Kata'ib Hezbollah is ready to provide "12,000 fighters with light and medium weapons, anti-armor launchers, tactical missiles, millions of rounds of ammunition, and tons of explosives" to "defend the Palestinians and avenge the honour of Muslims." On the same day, al-Tanf garrison in Syria was attacked by a one-way attack drone which was intercepted.[34] Shortly after this announcement, a Jordanian militant attacked an IDF patrol vehicle near the Jordanian-Israeli border and fled. This was the first instance of an attack from Jordan on Israel since the beginning of the war.[35]

Attacks on Israel

Since November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq has claimed responsibility for drone and missile attacks against targets within Israel in retaliation for Israeli attacks on Palestinian civilians in Gaza. The group stated it would continue to "strike enemy strongholds."

In late January, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq announced it had entered its second phase of operations which included blockading the Mediterranean maritime routes to Israeli ports and disabling the ports.[36]

List of claimed attacks on Israel!Date!Target!Description!Outcome
2 November 2023Claimed responsibility for an attack against a "vital Israeli target" on the Dead Sea coastline.Unknown
3 November 2023EilatClaimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat.[37] Unknown
12 November 2023EilatClaimed responsibility for a missile attack on Eilat.Unknown
21 December 2023EilatClaimed drone attack.Intercepted by the Royal Jordanian Air Force.[38]
Karish rigClaimed drone attack.Intercepted by IDF fighter jets.[39]
22 December 2023EilatClaimed drone attack.[40] Intercepted by Royal Jordanian Air Force.[41]
28 December 2023Fik AirportClaimed drone attack.[42] Drone crashed near Eliad, Golan Heights. No casualty or damage reported.
31 December 2023Golan HeightsClaimed drone attack.[43] Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.
EilatClaimed drone attack.[44] Intercepted by the IDF.
7 January 2024Golan HeightsClaimed drone attack.[45] Unknown
7 January 2024Haifa PortClaimed responsibility for a missile attack on Haifa Port.[46] Unknown
22 January 2024AshdodClaimed responsibility for a drone attack on the port of Ashdod.[47] No verification of the claims.
24 January 2024AshdodClaimed responsibility for a drone strike on the port of Ashdod.[48] No verification of the claims.
28 January 2024EilatClaimed drone attack.[49] Unknown
9 February 2024Claimed attack.[50] Unknown
1 March 2024Haifa PortClaimed drone strike on a chemical depot in Haifa Port.[51] Unknown
4 March 2024Haifa PortClaimed to target a chemical materials depot in the port of Haifa[52] Unknown
5 March 2024Haifa AirportClaimed drone attack.[53] No verification of the claims.
6 March 2024Kiryat Shmona AirportClaimed drone attack.[54] Unknown
11 March 2024Ben Gurion AirportClaimed drone attack on Ben Gurion Airport.[55] No verification of the claims. Shortly after the announcement, Jordanian security sources announced the discovery of drone parts in an uninhabited area.
17 March 2024Fik AirportClaimed drone attack on an Israeli airbase in the occupied Golan Heights.[56] No reports of an attack by the Israeli military, however, the Jordanian military confirmed suspicious aerial movements from an unknown source along the Syrian border.
1 April 2024EilatClaimed responsibility for a drone attack on Eilat.The drone struck an IDF Naval Base causing minor damage to a building and no casualties.[57] [58]
2 April 2024Ramon AirportUnidentified drone, allegedly of Iraqi origin.The drone was either intercepted or failed to strike its target, falling in an open area 200 meters from the Israel-Jordan border.[59]
8 April 2024Elifelet baseClaimed drone attack.[60] Unknown
9 April 2024EilatDrone attack on Eilat coming from eastern direction, suggesting it as originating from Iraq.[61] Shot down with the C-Dome system, marking its first operational use.
13–14 April 2024IsraelAttacked Israel alongside other members of the Axis of Resistance with drones and missiles.Damages caused specifically by Iraqi drones and missiles are unknown.
20 April 2024EilatClaimed the drone attack was in response to the alleged Israeli-American airstrike on the PMU.[62] Unknown
7 May 2024EilatClaimed drone attack.[63] Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.[64]
20 May 2024EilatClaimed three drone attacks.[65] Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets and warship.
23 May 2024EilatClaimed drone attack.[66] Both drones intercepted by Israeli fighter jets.
24 May 2024Haifa PortClaimed drone attack.Intercepted drone with Israeli fighter jets.
27 May 2024EilatClaimed three drone attacks.Intercepted by Israeli fighter jets and warship.
5 June 2024Ships in Haifa PortClaimed two joint drone attacks in coordination with the Houthis against ships in Haifa Port.[67] Denied by Israel.
12 June 2024AshdodClaimed cruise missiles were fired at critically important target in Ashdod in coordination with the Houthis.[68] Claimed successful by Yemeni Houthis and Islamic Resistance in Iraq.
12 June 2024Haifa PortClaimed drone attack on important target in Haifa in coordination with the Houthis.Claimed successful by Yemeni Houthis and Islamic Resistance in Iraq.
22 June 2024Ships in Haifa PortClaimed drone attacks on four vessels in Haifa port in coordination with the Houthis.[69] An explosion occurred in Haifa after an air-defense missile was launched towards the sea. Israel did not comment on the claim, but stated it shot down a drone approaching from the east.
26 June 2024EilatClaimed drone attack on vital target.[70] IDF confirmed it failed to intercept the drone and that it exploded near Eilat. The anti-air missile struck the water off the coast of Eilat.[71]
8 July 2024EilatClaimed drone attacks on Eilat in coordination with the Houthis.[72] Intercepted drones from Red Sea direction with Israeli fighter jets.

Intervention in Israel–Hezbollah conflict

See main article: Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present). On 9 January, the Kata'ib Hezbollah spokesperson Jafar al-Husseini warned that the Islamic Resistance in Iraq would help Hezbollah fight Israel if war erupted between the two sides.[73] This statement came a few weeks after the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on a Karish rig which Lebanon claims to hold sovereignty to.[74] In June 2024, many Iraqi officials within the IRI network vowed to support Hezbollah with soldiers if the conflict with Israel escalated into an all-out war.[75]

On 24 June, Qais al-Khazali, the leader of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, stated in a televised speech that if the US continued to support Israel in expanding the war to Lebanon and Hezbollah, the group would begin to attack US interests in Iraq and the Middle East.[76]

Involvement in 2024 Iran–Israel conflict

See main article: 2024 Iran–Israel conflict.

In Iran's missile and drone strikes against Israel, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq had contributed to the attacks on Israel, alongside Iran, the Yemeni Houthis, and an unidentified faction in Syria. This was by their launch of drones and missiles at targets in Israel.[77] [78] [79] The United States, United Kingdom, and Jordan intercepted many of the drones but many did hit various locations within Israel and the occupied Golan Heights.[80] [81]

In response to alleged Israeli bombardment of Popular Mobilization Forces bases in Iraq, which killed a soldier and injured several others, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed a drone attack targeting Eilat.[82]

Intervention in United States–Houthi conflict

See main article: United States–Houthi conflict (2023–present). On 11 January, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq said that if Yemen is attacked by the US and UK, "we will attack the Americans' base with everything in our power".[83] After the initial US-UK airstrikes on Yemen, there were reports of a bomb and sirens being heard at the US Embassy in Iraq.[84] In the same month, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq launched a drone attack on a US base in Jordan, killing three US soldiers and injuring 47 others.

U.S. retaliation airstrikes

See main article: February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria. On 21 November, a US AC-130-gunship struck a Kata'ib Hezbollah vehicle near Abu Ghraib, Iraq in response to the Islamic Resistance In Iraq's 20 November attack on Ain al Assad Airbase.[85]

On 2 February, the US launched retaliatory airstrikes targeting Iran-backed militias in Iraq and Syria, in response to an attack that killed three US troops in Jordan. On 7 February, a US drone strike on a vehicle in the Mashtal neighborhood of Baghdad killed a commander of Kata'ib Hezbollah Abu Baqir Al-Saadi.

See also

Notes and References

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  2. Web site: Iranian-backed groups tout operations in Iraq. The Long War Journal. Caleb Weiss. Joe Truzman. 30 April 2021.
  3. Web site: Profile: The Islamic Resistance of Iraq. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Hamdi Malik. Michael Knights. 21 October 2023.
  4. What to Know About the Attacks on U.S. Military Bases in the Middle East . TIME . Hammer . Mathias . 25 October 2023.
  5. Web site: Iraqi Shiite militia claim drone, rocket attacks on U.S. bases in Syria . Xinhua (via News.cn) . 19 October 2023.
  6. Web site: Fifth drone strike in past week targets U.S. troops. Kurdistan 24. 21 October 2023.
  7. Web site: Iraqi Islamic Front targets US forces in Syria . North Press Agency . 23 October 2023.
  8. News: Three US service members killed in Jordan drone attack, Biden says . Al Jazeera . 28 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240128191553/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/28/three-us-service-members-killed-in-jordan-drone-attack-biden-says . 28 January 2024 . live.
  9. Web site: Iraqi militant group claims responsibility for missile attack on Israel. Kurdistan 24. 3 November 2023.
  10. Lolita C. Baldor and Qassim Abdul-Zahra. Associated Press reporters. (18 November 2023). "How the US strikes a delicate balance in responding to attacks on its forces by Iran-backed militias". Microsoft Start website Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  11. Fatima Hussein and Tara Copp. Associated Press reporters. "Treasury sanctions Iran-backed militia members attacking US forces". Army Times website Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  12. Web site: Iran Update, October 18, 2023. 12 November 2023. 18 October 2023. Institute for the Study of War.
  13. Web site: Who is the Islamic Resistance in Iraq, the mysterious group attacking US and Israeli targets over Gaza?. The New Arab. Dana Taib Menmy. Oliver Mizzi. 8 November 2023.
  14. News: 2 February 2024 . Harakat al-Nujaba vows to continue attacks despite US retaliation warnings . Rudaw.
  15. Web site: Iran Update, November 3, 2023. Institute for the Study of War. 12 November 2023. 3 November 2023.
  16. Web site: Terrorist Designation of Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya . 2024-06-20 . United States Department of State . en.
  17. Web site: 26 July 2024 . IRAN UPDATE, JULY 26, 2024 . ISW Press.
  18. Web site: Sewell . Abby . Copp . Tara . Abdul-Zahra . Qassim . Drone attack on base hosting US troops intercepted in Iraq, heightening fears of a broader conflict . . 18 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231018192005/https://apnews.com/article/iraq-militias-iran-us-base-attack-drone-hamas-israel-war-80f6739c3ab34662afba316285914e39 . 18 October 2023 . . English . 18 October 2023 . live.
  19. Web site: 18 October 2023 . Drone attack on US forces intercepted in Iraq – report . 18 October 2023 . The Jerusalem Post. en-US . 18 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231018192142/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-768924 . live .
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  21. Web site: AP . Iran-backed groups claim fresh attacks on US bases in Syria . 6 November 2023. . en-US.
  22. News: Drone, explosive attacks target US forces across Iraq. Reuters. 9 November 2023. 10 November 2023.
  23. Web site: 22 November 2023. Several U.S. service members injured in missile attack at Al-Asad Airbase in Iraq, Pentagon says - CBS News . 22 November 2023. . en-US.
  24. Web site: 25 December 2023 . New drone attack targets US troops in Iraq. 26 December 2023 . France 24 . en.
  25. Web site: Stewart . Phil . 26 December 2023. US retaliates in Iraq after three US troops wounded in attack . 26 December 2023 . reuters.com.
  26. Web site: AFP . January 20, 2024 . US says probing cause of drone crash in Iraq after Iran-backed militias claim to down UAV . January 21, 2024 . timesofisrael.com.
  27. Web site: Red Sea Ship Attacks Continue After Super Hornets Strike Missiles. The War Zone. The Drive. 18 January 2024.
  28. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-personnel-suffer-minor-injuries-iraq-base-attack-us-official-2024-01-20/ US personnel suffer minor injuries in Iraq base attack: U.S. official
  29. https://x.com/irandefense/status/1727839209308787065?s=46&t=UYh7e8DMIsUga4DLC5QNmA
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  33. Web site: 7 Kurdish-led Fighters Killed In Attack On US Base In Syria: Monitor . 2024-02-05 . Barron's . en-US.
  34. Web site: New Options for Iraq's Axis of Resistance Players (Part 2): Opening the Jordan Front The Washington Institute . 2024-04-04 . www.washingtoninstitute.org . en.
  35. Web site: 2024-04-06 . Gunman From Jordan Rains Bullets At Israeli Army Patrol After Hamas Call . 2024-04-06 . Hindustan Times . en.
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  37. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20231104-iraq-islamic-resistance-announces-attack-on-israeli-target-in-eilat/ Iraq Islamic Resistance announces attack on Israeli target in Eilat
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  39. Web site: 22 December 2023 . Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean . 22 December 2023 . The Times of Israel.
  40. https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/22122023 Iraqi militia claims attack on Israel
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  42. Web site: 28 December 2023 . Suspected explosive-laden drone crashes in Golan; Iraqi militia claims responsibility . 28 December 2023 . The Times of Israel.
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  45. Web site: "Iraqi Resistance" target Israeli, American bases in Syria . 2024-01-08 . Shafaq News . en.
  46. Web site: Iraqi Shiite factions attack Haifa with a strategic missile . 2024-01-08 . Shafaq News . en.
  47. Web site: January 23, 2024 . Israel: Iraqi group claims to have attacked port of Ashdod . January 24, 2024 . middleeastmonitor.com.
  48. Web site: Monks . Kieron . 2024-01-25 . Iraqi militias claim drone strike on Israel's biggest port as attacks ramp up . 2024-02-22 . inews.co.uk . en.
  49. Web site: 2024-02-06 . Islamic Resistance in Iraq: We struck Israel's Eilat with drones . 2024-02-17 . www.middleeastmonitor.com.
  50. Web site: Iran-Backed Islamic Resistance In Iraq Claims Attack On Israeli Target At Dead Sea; Exhorts 'Brothers In Jihad' To 'Take Active Role In Expulsion Of Occupation' . 2024-02-22 . MEMRI . en.
  51. Web site: Islamic Resistance in Iraq group targets chemical depot in Haifa .
  52. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240304-islamic-resistance-in-iraq-group-targets-chemical-depot-in-haifa/ Islamic Resistance in Iraq group targets chemical depot in Haifa
  53. Web site: Iraq . Dana Taib Menmy ــ . 2024-03-06 . Iraqi militias claim targeting of Haifa Airport with drones . 2024-03-07 . www.newarab.com/ . en.
  54. Web site: Israel: Kiryat Shmona Airport bombed by Iraqi Islamic Resistance .
  55. Web site: i24NEWS . 2024-03-12 . Iraqi terror group claims to target Ben-Gurion Airport in alleged drone strike . 2024-04-01 . I24news . en.
  56. Web site: Tribune . Qatar . 2024-03-19 . Iraqi armed faction claims attack on Israeli base in Golan Heights . 2024-04-07 . Qatar Tribune . en.
  57. News: Zitun . Yoav . 2024-04-01 . UAV launched from Iraq hits Gulf of Eilat Israeli naval base, IDF confirms . 2024-04-01 . Ynetnews . en.
  58. Web site: 2024-04-01 . Eilat building damaged after hostile aircraft infiltrates Israel from Jordan . 2024-04-01 . The Jerusalem Post JPost.com . en.
  59. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . 2 April 2024 . Drone explodes in Jordan near southern Israel's Ramon Airport . .
  60. Web site: Iraqi Shiite militia claims 3 drone attacks in Israel-Xinhua . 2024-04-09 . english.news.cn.
  61. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . April 9, 2024 . In first, IDF says ship-mounted Iron Dome downs 'suspicious' target over Eilat . .
  62. Web site: Institute for the Study of War . 2024-04-21 . Institute for the Study of War . en.
  63. Web site: Iraqi Shiite militia claims drone attack on Israel-Xinhua . 2024-05-08 . english.news.cn.
  64. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . 7 May 2024 . Air Force shoots down drone apparently launched from Iraq . 8 May 2024 . timesofisrael.
  65. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . 28 May 2024 . IDF downs 2 drones targeting Eilat in attack claimed by Iran-backed Iraqi militia . 28 May 2024 . timesofisrael.
  66. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . 24 May 2024 . Iran-backed militia in Iraq claims credit for launching drone shot down by IDF . 24 May 2024 . timesofisrael.
  67. Web site: Yemen’s Houthis say they launched two attacks against ships at Haifa port . 2024-06-13 . Al Jazeera . en.
  68. News: 12 June 2024 . Houthis target Israel's Ashdod and Haifa . 12 June 2024 . Al Arabiya.
  69. Web site: Yemen’s Houthis claim joint raid on Israeli ships with Iraqi militia . 2024-06-23 . Al Jazeera . en.
  70. Web site: 26 June 2024 . Iraqi group claims responsibility for drone attack on Eilat . timesofisrael.com.
  71. Web site: 26 June 2024 . Army says drone crashed near Eilat, indicates failed interception . timesofisrael.com.
  72. Web site: Fabian . Emanuel . 8 July 2024 . Yemen's Houthis claim joint op with Iraq’s Islamic Resistance targeting Eilat with drones . 9 July 2024 . Reuters.
  73. Web site: Comms . I. S. W. . Iran Update, January 9, 2024 . 2024-01-10.
  74. Web site: 22 December 2023 . Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean . 22 December 2023 . . 22 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231222194904/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/iran-backed-militias-in-iraq-claim-to-have-targeted-israeli-gas-rig-in-mediterranean/ . live .
  75. Web site: 2024-06-23 . Thousands of Iran-backed fighters offer to join Hezbollah in its fight against Israel . 2024-06-23 . AP News . en.
  76. Web site: Iraqi militia leader threatens attack on U.S. interests-Xinhua . 2024-06-25 . english.news.cn.
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  79. Web site: Lilleholm . Lucas . 23 November 2023 . US warship shoots down attack drones over the Red Sea . CNN . 13 April 2024 . 13 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240413123527/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/22/politics/us-warship-attack-drones-red-sea/index.html . live .
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