| Islam Khan Chisti | |
| Office: | 12th Subahdar of Bengal |
| Term Start: | 10 June 1608 |
| Term End: | 4 May 1613 |
| Predecessor: | Jahangir Quli Khan |
| Successor: | Muhtashim Khan |
| Birth Name: | Shaikh Alauddin Chisti |
| Birth Date: | c. 1570 |
| Death Date: | 4 May 1613 |
| Death Place: | Bhawal, Bengal, Mughal Empire |
| Resting Place: | Jama Masjid, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Occupation: | Mughal General |
| Parents: | Shaikh Badruddin Chisti |
| Relatives: | Salim Chishti (grandfather) Mukarram Khan (son-in-law) Qutubuddin Koka (cousin) |
Shaikh Alauddin Chisti (1570–1613; known as Islam Khan Chisti) was a Mughal general and the Subahdar of Bengal. He transferred the capital of Bengal from Rajmahal to Sonargaon and founded the city of Jahangirnagar. He was awarded the titular name of Islam Khan by Mughal emperor Jahangir.
Islam Khan was a playmate of Jahangir in childhood.[1] Khan and Jahangir were foster cousins; Khan's paternal aunt, whose father was Salim Chisti, had been the foster mother of Jahangir. Qutubuddin Koka was Khan's first cousin also. He was first appointed as the Subahdar of Bihar.[1]
See also: Mughal conquest of Jessore. Islam Khan was appointed the Subahdar of Bengal in 1608. His major task was to subdue the rebellious Rajas, Bara-Bhuiyans, Zamindars and Afghan chiefs. He arrived Dhaka in mid-1610.
He fought with Musa Khan,[2] the leader of Bara-Bhuiyans and by the end of 1611 he was subdued.[1] Islam Khan also defeated Raja Pratapaditya of Jessore, Raja Ramchandra Basu of the Chandradwip Kingdom at the Conquest of Bakla and Raja Ananta Manikya of Bhulua.[1] Then he annexed the kingdoms of Koch Bihar, Koch Hajo and Kachhar. Thus he took total control over Bengal. He moved the capital of Bengal to Dhaka from Rajmahal. He renamed Dhaka to Jahangirnagar.
After 5 years of ruling, Islam Khan died at Bhawal in 1613. He was buried in Fatehpur Sikri and laid by the side of his grandfather Shaikh Salim Chishti.
Shaikh Alauddin Chisti's tomb in Ajmer, known as the Dargah Sharif, has become a major pilgrimage site for people of all faiths.[3]