9K720 Iskander Explained

Is Missile:	yes
9K720 Iskander SS-26 Stone
Origin:	Russia
Type:	Short-range ballistic missile
Service:	2006–present^[1]
Vehicle Range:	NaNkm (-2,147,483,648miles)^[2] ^[3] for Iskander-M
Filling:	NaNkg (-2,147,483,648lb) thermonuclear weapon, high-explosive fragmentation, submunition, penetration, fuel–air explosive, EMP^[4] ^[5]
Engine:	Single-stage solid propellant
Guidance:	Inertial guidance, optical DSMAC (Iskander-M), TERCOM (Iskander-K), use of GPS / GLONASS in addition to the inertial guidance system^[6] Inertial, use of GPS / GLONASS and optical DSMAC terminal homing
Accuracy:	(9K720) 1– (Iskander-M) 5–
Speed:	2000m/s burn-out velocity (hypersonic)^[7]
Length:	7.3m (24feet)
Diameter:	0.92m (03.02feet)
Weight:	3800kg (8,400lb)^[8]
Manufacturer:	Votkinsk Plant State Production Association (Votkinsk) – missiles Production Association Barricades (Volgograd) – ground equipment KBM (Kolomna) – developer of the system
Design Date:	From 1988
Unit Cost:	million (missile)^[9]
Used By:	Russian Ground Forces Armenian Armed Forces Algerian People's National Army Armed Forces of Belarus
Launch Platform:	Mobile TEL
Wars:	Russo-Georgian War Syrian Civil War^[10] 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

The 9K720 Iskander (Russian: «Искандер»; NATO reporting name SS-26 Stone) is a Russian mobile short-range ballistic missile system. It has a range of 500km (300miles). It was intended to replace the OTR-21 Tochka in the Russian military by 2020.

The Iskander has several different conventional warheads, including a cluster munitions warhead, a fuel–air explosive enhanced-blast warhead, a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, an earth penetrator for bunker busting and an electromagnetic pulse device for anti-radar missions. The missile can also carry nuclear warheads.^{[11] [12] [13]} In September 2017, the KB Mashinostroyeniya (KBM) general designer Valery M. Kashin said that there were at least seven types of missiles (and "perhaps more") for Iskander, including one cruise missile.^[14]

History

The road-mobile Iskander^[15] was the second attempt by Russia to replace the Scud missile. The first attempt, the OTR-23 Oka, was eliminated under the INF Treaty. The design work on Iskander was begun in December 1988, initially directed by the KBM rocket weaponry designer Sergey Nepobedimy, and was not significantly affected by the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.^{[16] [17]}

The first successful launch occurred in 1996.^[18]

In September 2004, at a meeting with senior defense officials reporting to President Vladimir Putin on the drafting of a defense budget for 2005, the Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov spoke about the completion of static tests of a new tactical missile system called the Iskander. He said that the system would go into quantity production in 2005 and toward the end of that year, Russia would have a brigade armed with it. In March 2005, a source in the Russian defence industry told Interfax-AVN the development of new missiles with a range of 500km–600kmkm (300miles–400mileskm), based on existing Iskander-E tactical missile systems, was a possibility. He said, however, that it "may take up to five or six years".

In 2006, serial production of the Iskander-M tactical ballistic missile system was launched, and the system was adopted by the Russian army. The production cost of the missile system was reported in 2014 to have been slashed by a third by cutting the 20% markup applied by the missile manufacturer at each stage of the components supply chain from a cumulative 810% to markup of 21% applied only to the finished product.^[19]

There was a report by GosNIIP, the design bureau that builds guidance for cruise missiles, that Russia completed state acceptance trials of the "ground-based 9M728/9M729 missiles and their modernized version."^[20]

In November 2016, the Russian military announced that the modernization of the Iskander-M system was underway.^[21] A number of countries were reported to have shown interest in purchasing the export version of Iskander, but such possibility was only announced in early February 2017.

The United States has argued that the 9M728/9M729 (SSC-X-7/SSC-X-8) cruise missiles used by Iskander-K violates the INF Treaty because their estimated range is beyond 500km (300miles).^[22]

The General Director of the company-developer of the system said in April 2024 that the precision of the missile has been improved since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[23]

Design

The Iskander-M system is equipped with two solid-propellant single-stage guided missiles, model 9M723K1. Each one is controlled throughout the entire flight path and fitted with an inseparable warhead. Each missile in the launch carrier vehicle can be independently targeted in a matter of seconds. The mobility of the Iskander launch platform makes a launch difficult to prevent.

Targets can be located not only by satellite and aircraft but also by a conventional intelligence center, by an artillery observer, or from aerial photos scanned into a computer. The missiles can be re-targeted during flight in the case of engaging mobile targets. Another unique feature of Iskander-M ^[24] is the optically guided warhead, which can also be controlled by encrypted radio transmission, including such as those from AWACS or UAV. The electro-optical guidance system provides a self-homing capability. The missile's on-board computer receives images of the target, then locks onto the target with its sight and descends towards it at supersonic speed.

Boost phase thrust vector control (TVC) is accomplished by graphite vanes similar in layout to the V-2 and Scud series tactical ballistic missiles. According to some rumors, in flight, the missile follows a quasi-ballistic path, performing evasive maneuvers in the terminal phase of flight and releasing decoys in order to penetrate missile defense systems (American officials have confirmed the use of decoys in at least some versions).^[25] The missile never leaves the atmosphere as it follows a relatively flat trajectory. The missile is controlled during the whole flight with gas-dynamic and aerodynamic control surfaces. It uses small fins to reduce its radar signature.^[26]

The Russian Iskander-M travels at a hypersonic speed of 2100–2600 m/s (Mach 6–7) and an altitude of 50 km. The Iskander-M weighs 4,615 kg, carries a warhead of 710–800 kg, has a range of 500 km and achieves a circular error probable (CEP) of 5–7 meters (when coupled with optical homing head; 30–70 m in autonomous application^[27]).

Iskander is a tactical missile system designed to be used in theater level conflicts.^[28] It is intended to use conventional or thermonuclear weapon warheads for the engagement of small and area targets (both moving and stationary), such as hostile fire weapons, air and anti-missile defenses, command posts and communications nodes and troops in concentration areas, among others. According to Russian claims, the area of destruction from a single warhead is 25,000 square meters, or about two football fields and the accuracy of the missile allows it to hit targets the size of a small window from a range of several tens of kilometers.^{[29] [30] [31]}

In 2007, a new missile for the system (and launcher) was test fired, the cruise missile,^[32] with a range of applications up to 2000 km or more.^[33] Presently, "Iskander-M" system, outfitted with cruise and ballistic missiles, is being delivered to the military. In 2013, army missile brigades first received missiles equipped with a new control system.^[34] As of 2018, the Iskander missile complex can now strike static sea targets.^[35]

In 2020 it was said that the MAZ was the primary supplier for the chassis of the launchers for the Iskander-M because the domestic Russian products are of comparatively low quality.^[36]

The system can be transported by various vehicles, including airplanes.^[37]

When nuclear armed, the warhead is estimated to have a yield of 5to (Iskander-M).^[38]

Operational history

Russia

The first documented use of the Iskander was in the Russo-Georgian War in which Dutch journalist Stan Storimans was killed on 12 August 2008 in Gori. An investigation by the Dutch government revealed that a single, 5 mm fragment from an anti-personnel sub-munition, carried by an Iskander missile, killed the Dutch journalist.^[39]

In September 2009, the Russian military announced plans to deploy Iskander missiles in all the military districts of Russia "in a short time".^{[40] [41]}

According to the Stratfor report in 2010 there were five Iskander brigades stationed and operational in Russia, namely the 26th Rocket Brigade in the town of Luga, Leningrad Oblast, south of St. Petersburg; 92nd Rocket Brigade at Kamenka, near Penza in the Volga region; 103rd Rocket Brigade at Ulan-Ude, north of Mongolia; 107th Rocket Brigade at, in the Far East;^[42] and the 114th Rocket Brigade at Znamensk, in the northern Caucasus.^[43]

In June 2013, it was revealed that Russia had deployed several Iskander-M ballistic missile systems in Armenia at undisclosed locations.^[44] In 2016, it was reported by media that Armenia had received a divizion of Iskander missiles.^[45]

In November 2014, US General Breedlove stated that Russian forces "capable of being nuclear" had been moved into Crimea,^[46] the Ukrainian peninsula which the Russian Federation had annexed in March, and the following month Ukrainian Armed Forces announced that Russia had deployed a nuclear-capable Iskander division in the territory.^{[47] [48]} Russian Foreign Ministry officials declared the right to deploy nuclear weapons in the peninsula, which is generally recognized as part of Ukraine, in December 2014^[49] and June 2015.^[50]

In March 2016, at least one Iskander system was reportedly deployed at Russia's Hmeimim airbase in Syria.^[51] In January 2017 an Israeli company claimed satellite photography confirmed the Syrian deployment.^[52]

According to a Fox News report in early February 2017, four Iskander missiles had been fired at opposition targets in the Idlib province in Syria.^[53]

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia launched several Iskander missiles over their border into Ukraine as part of their assault.^[54] Here, these missiles demonstrated a previously unknown capability that employed decoys to confuse air defense systems. It is believed this technology was kept a closely guarded secret, and not included on Iskander missiles exported outside of Russia. Up from 23 April 2022, Russia deployed more units equipped with Iskander-M to the Belgorod Oblast as close as 60 km from the border of Ukraine.^[55]

In March 2023, Ukrainian Air Force spokesman Yuri Ihnat reported that Ukraine was unable to shoot down Iskander ballistic missiles.^[56] However, on 29 May, Ukraine claimed to have destroyed 11 Iskander missiles of both the ballistic and cruise missile variants.^[57]

On 5 March 2024, it was confirmed that a M142 HIMARS was destroyed by an Iskander ballistic missile near Nykanorivka, in eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast. It was the first time a HIMARS system was destroyed in Ukraine.^[58]

On 9 March 2024, it was confirmed that an Iskander ballistic missile was used to destroy two German-supplied M901 launchers for the MIM-104 Patriot air defence system near Pokrovsk. It was the first time components of a Patriot were destroyed in Ukraine.^[59]

In early July 2024, Russian forces launched a wave of attacks using Iskander missiles at Ukrainian airbases, after first using drones for aerial reconnaissance:

• on 1 July, an attack on Myrhorod Air Base resulted in the destruction of at least two Sukhoi Su-27 fighter jets^[60]
• on 2 July, an attack on Poltava Air Base resulted in a Mi-24 gunship helicopter being severely damaged^[61]
• on 3 July, an attack on Krivoi Rog Air Base resulted in the destruction of a Mikoyan MiG-29 fighter jet and a decoy Sukhoi Su-25 attack jet ^[62]

An article from the Military Watch Magazine on 14 July 2024 reported that the Russians have started to use new "double strike" tactics with the Iskander-M missiles. It was also reported that Russia has increased the production of the missiles several times to pre-war levels.^[63]

Kaliningrad region

In November 2008, the Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in his first annual address to the Federal Assembly of Russia announced plans to deploy Iskander missiles to the Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia's westernmost territory on the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, if the U.S. went ahead with its European Ballistic Missile Defense System.^{[64] [65]} On 17 September 2009, US president Barack Obama announced the cancellation of the U.S. missile defense project in Poland and the Czech Republic.^[66] The following day, Moscow indicated it might in turn cancel the plans to deploy Iskander missiles to Kaliningrad;^[67] a few days later, the decision not to deploy was confirmed by Medvedev.^[68]

According to Russian unofficial media reports, Russia deployed Iskander missiles to the Kaliningrad Oblast as part of military exercises in March 2015.^[69]

On 8 October 2016, the Russian military confirmed that they had moved Iskander-M missiles into the Kaliningrad Oblast, adding the move was part of routine drills and had happened previously multiple times and would happen in future.^[70]

In early February 2018, Shamanov confirmed that Russia had deployed an unidentified number of Iskander missiles to the Kaliningrad region.^{[71] [72]} Days prior, the local military commanders said that the "park zones" for Iskander missiles deployment had been completed in the Kaliningrad region, as well as in North Ossetia.^[73]

Armenia

Armenia reportedly used its Iskander missiles against Azerbaijani forces during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War. According to unconfirmed claims by ex-president of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan, the missiles were fired on the town of Shushi after its capture by Azerbaijani forces in the last days of the war.^[74] Responding to these claims, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan neither confirmed nor denied the claim that an Iskander was fired on Shushi, but implied that the missiles that were launched did not explode or only exploded "by 10 percent."^[75] The Armenian prime minister's claims were rejected by a number of Russian lawmakers and military experts as well as by ex-defense minister of Armenia Seyran Ohanyan (under whom the missiles were acquired by Armenia).^[76] The Russian Ministry of Defence released a statement claiming that the Iskander missiles were not used at all during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.^[77] Another claim was made by an anonymous Azerbaijani official that Armenian forces fired an Iskander missile at Azerbaijan's capital Baku in the last days of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, but it was shot down by an Israeli-made Barak 8.^[78] On 15 March, employees of the Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action, who were demining and clearing the territories from mines and shells in Shushi, discovered the wreckage of an Iskander-M missile with identification number 9M723.^{[79] [80] [81] [82]}

Variants

Currently there are seven different types of ballistic and cruise missiles for both variants of the Iskander missile system.^{[83] [84]}

Iskander-M

Variant for the Russian Armed Forces with two 9M723 quasi-ballistic missiles with a confirmed range of 400km (200miles), published range of 415km (258miles), and rumored range of 500km (300miles).^[85] Speed Mach 6–7, flight altitude up to 6–50 km, nuclear capable missile, controlled at all stages, not ballistic flight path. Immediately after the launch and upon approach to the target, the missile can perform intensive maneuvering to evade anti-ballistic missiles.^[86]

Iskander-K

"K" for Krylataya ("Winged") (Russian: крылатая ракета). Variant intended to carry various types of cruise missiles (Russian: крылатая ракета; literally winged rocket). At present, it includes:

• 9M728 (SSC-7) also known as R-500 – flight altitude up to 6 km, published range up to 500 km^[87] and automatic adjustment in the way, follow of terrain relief in flight. It is reportedly a variant of the 3M-54 Kalibr.
• 9M729 (SSC-8) – new long-range missile that is reportedly a land-based version of the 3M14 Kalibr-NK missile complex with a range between and may be based even on the air-launched -range Kh-101 cruise missile.^[88] According to RF, its range is only 480 km and its specially-developed self-propelled launcher can carry 4 missiles. The 9M729 missile has a higher yield warhead and a new control system for greater accuracy.

Iskander-E

"E" for Eksport. The director of the state corporation Rostec Sergey Chemezov commented that the Iskander missile complex is a serious offensive weapon capable of carrying a nuclear warhead. This ballistic missile system is in the military list of products prohibited for export. Iskander missile complexes cannot be exported.^[89]

In 2016, Armenia, a Russian ally and a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) became the first foreign country to operate the system. Iskander-E has a maximum range up to 280 km, to comply with Missile Technology Control Regime restrictions for export,^[90] and is fitted with a simplified inertial guidance system. It flies on a flattened trajectory under 50 km altitude, allowing aerodynamic steering using tail fins, permitting a less predictable flight path and accurate delivery.^[90] The system can also use missiles carrying warheads with cluster munitions.^[91]

Operators

• • – 25 units.^[92] Several systems were displayed at the Independence Day parade rehearsal in September 2016. Two managers of the Russian military-industrial complex Rosoboronexport confirmed that four 9K720 Iskander systems were delivered to Armenia per CSTO arms agreement, thus making Armenia, a country in military union with Russia, the first foreign state to have the missile system.^{[93] [94]} In February 2017, the Defence minister of Armenia told a Russian mass media outlet that the Iskander missiles stationed in Armenia and shown at the military parade in September 2016 were owned and operated by the Armed Forces of Armenia.^[95]
• Algeria – 4 regiments (48 launchers). During the Dubai Airshow 2017 exhibition, representatives of the Federal Service of Military-Technical Cooperation officially confirmed that the Iskander-E missile system was delivered to one of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region.^{[96] [97]} French defense writer Philippe Langloit wrote in the September–October 2017 issue of DSI magazine that Algeria had received 4 Iskander-E regiments.^[98] It was confirmed by Kommersant magazine.^[99]
• – bought an undisclosed number of Iskander ballistic missile systems in May 2022, according to a statement made by Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko.^[100] President Putin has announced a plan to give Belarus nuclear capable Iskander missiles. He said: "can fire ballistic and cruise missiles, both conventional and nuclear types".^[101] The systems were delivered in December 2022 and were allegedly handed over to full Belarusian autonomous control in February 2023.^{[102] [103]} Systems operated by 465th Missile Brigade.^[104] Another delivery took place in late August 2023.^[105]
• – 160 units (13 rocket brigades with 12 units each, and one unit with 4 units at Kapustin Yar).^{[106] [107]} In service with the Western Military District since 2010.^{[108] [109]} Missiles are also deployed in Armenia. Two deliveries in 2013.^[110] Missile units in Krasnodar and Stavropol territories as well as in the Republic of Adygea in the 49th Army of the Southern Military District, and a missile brigade in the Eastern Military District received Iskander-M in 2013.^[111] One more delivery in July 2014.^[112] Missile brigade, stationed in the Orenburg region, rearmed on "Iskander-M" on 20 November 2014.^[113] 6th brigade delivered on 16 June 2015 to unit in Ulan Ude (presumably the 103rd Rocket Brigade). Seventh brigade delivered in November 2015 to the Southern Military District.^[114] All scheduled 120 complexes.^[115] 20th Separate Guards Rocket Brigade – 5th Red Banner Army of the Eastern Military District (the brigade stationed in Spassk-Dalniy, Primorsky Krai) – in June 2016. One more delivery in November 2016 to the Central MD.^[116] Next delivery conducted in 2nd quarter of 2017. The contract for two more brigades and cruise missiles for the system signed in August 2017 will increase the total number of rocket brigades to 13.^[117] A brigade set of Iskander-M tactical ballistic missile systems has been delivered to the personnel of a missile large unit in the Western Military District in late 2017.^[118] The last brigade was delivered to the WMD for a missile formation of the combined arms army in the Kursk Region in November 2019.^{[119] [120]} One more brigade set and two battalion sets were delivered in late 2021.^[121] More missiles ordered in August 2022 and again in August 2023 and in August 2024.^{[122] [123] [124]}

Details

Specifications

• Manufacturer: Votkinsk Machine Building Plant (Votkinsk) – missiles
  Production Association Barricades (Volgograd) – ground equipment
  KBM (Kolomna) – developer of the system
• Launch range:
  • maximum: 500 km (Iskander-M, unofficial)^[125]
  • minimum: 50 km
• Accuracy:
  • 5–7 m with terminal phase DSMAC optoelectronic homing system (Iskander-M)
  • 1–30 m 9K720
• Time to launch: up to 4 min from highest readiness, up to 16 min from march
• Interval between launches: less than a minute
• Operating temperature range: −50 °C to +50 °C
• Burnout velocity: ≈2,100 m/s
• Number of missiles:
  • on 9P78 launcher: 2
  • on 9T250 transloader: 2
• assigned service life: 10 years
• Crew: 3 (launcher truck)

System components

The full Iskander system includes^[126]

• missiles
• transporter-erector-launcher vehicle (chassis of 8×8 MZKT-79306 ASTROLOG truck)^[127]
• Transporter and loader vehicle (chassis of 8×8 MZKT-79306 ASTROLOG truck)
• Command and staff vehicle (chassis of KAMAZ six-wheel truck)
• Information preparation station vehicle (chassis of KAMAZ six-wheel truck)
• Maintenance and repair vehicle (chassis of KAMAZ six-wheel truck)
• Life support vehicle (chassis of KAMAZ six-wheel truck)
• Depot equipment set
• set of equipment for TEL training class
• set of equipment for CSV training class
• Training posters
• Training missile mock-up

Intended targets

The system is intended to use conventional warheads for the engagement of point and area targets, including:^[128]

• hostile fire weapons (missile systems, multiple launch rocket systems, long-range artillery pieces)
• air and missile defense weapons, aerodrome
• fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft at airfields
• command posts and communications nodes
• troops in concentration areas
• critical civilian infrastructure facilities

It is also capable of striking strongly protected targets, such as bunkers or hardened aircraft shelters

See also

• • • • • • • • (retired in 1992)
• (retired in 1993)

Comparable missiles

• (air launched, believed to be based on the Iskander)
• (may be based on the Iskander)

External links

• SS-26 Stone @ Defense Update
• Infographics
• CSIS Missile Threat – SS-26 (Iskander)

Notes and References

1. 9K720 Iskander (SS-26) - Missile Threat (Center for Strategic and International Studies), retrieved 7 August 2024
2. Mashynostroeniya . KB . 2006-06-20 . Iskander M/E (SS-21 / SS-26) . dead . . en . 2 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607185802/https://defense-update.com/20060620_iskander.html . 2023-06-07 . 2024-05-21 . The missile is designed for mobile, autonomous operation and is capable of striking point and area targets at ranges of 50 – 280 km. (The M version is believed to have a range of 400 km). . dmy-all .
3. Web site: Ударная Сила: Ракетная паутина (оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс 9К720 "Искандер" SS-26 "Stone") » RNNS.RU. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170106082809/http://rnns.ru/14897-udarnaja-sila-raketnaja-pautina.html. 6 January 2017. live.
4. Web site: John . Pike . Charles . Vick . Mirko . Jacubowski . Patrick . Garrett . 2000-09-03 . Iskander/SS-26 . Federation of American Scientists. 12 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240122145400/https://nuke.fas.org/guide/russia/theater/ss-26.htm . 2024-01-22 . live . dmy-all.
5. Web site: Iskander (SS-26). CSIS Missile Threat. 3 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161104081046/http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-26-iskander/. 4 November 2016. live.
6. Web site: Дмитрий Рогозин: "Искандеры" будут размещены в Калининграде. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141223204523/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/archive/dmitriy-rogozin-iskandery-budut-razmescheny-v-kaliningrade10-11-2011-16-00-00/?sphrase_id=2017576. 23 December 2014. live.
7. Web site: MilitaryRussia.Ru — отечественная военная техника (после 1945г.) - Статьи. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150104032604/http://military.tomsk.ru/blog/topic-185.html. 4 January 2015. live.
8. Web site: Pike . John . 2018-08-08 . 9K720 Iskander-M (SS-26 Stone) - Specifications. subscription . . https://web.archive.org/web/20230411084155/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ss-26-specs.htm . 2023-04-11 . live . 2024-05-20 . dmy-all.
9. News: Volodymyr . Landa . Gnenny . Konstantin . 2022-06-27 . uk:Росія за вихідні випустила по Україні ракет вартістю близько $200 млн. . Over the weekend, Russia launched missiles worth about $200 million over Ukraine. . https://forbes.ua/inside/rosiya-za-vikhidni-vipustila-po-ukraini-raket-vartistyu-blizko-200-mln-otsinka-forbes-27062022-6838 . live . . uk . Ukraine . 0015-6914 . 6465733 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240506172836/https://forbes.ua/inside/rosiya-za-vikhidni-vipustila-po-ukraini-raket-vartistyu-blizko-200-mln-otsinka-forbes-27062022-6838 . 2024-05-06 . 2024-05-20 . uk:Для розрахунку вартості цих ракет Forbes використовував такі оцінки: вартість ракети Х-101 – $13 млн, «Калібр» – $6,5 млн, «Іскандер» – $3 млн, «Онікс» – $1,25 млн, Х-22 – $1 млн, «Точка-У» – $0,3 млн. . To calculate the cost of these missiles, Forbes used the following estimates: the cost of the X-101 missile - $13 million, "Kalibr" - $6.5 million, "Iskander" - $3 million, "Onyx" - $1.25 million, X-22 - $1 million, "Point-U" - $0.3 million. . dmy-all.
10. News: Tłumacz Google. Риа Новости. 22 December 2017.
11. Web site: 9K720 Iskander-M (SS-26 Stone) - Development . subscription . Pike . John . 2023-09-25 . . en . 2024-05-20 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230616112216/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ss-26-program.htm . 2023-06-16 . dmy-all.
12. Web site: 9K720 Iskander-M (SS-26 Stone) . subscription . Pike . John . 2023-09-25 . . en . 2024-05-20 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240415061443/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/ss-26.htm . 2024-04-15 . dmy-all.
13. Web site: NATO Members Alarmed by Russian Nuclear Missile Deployment. 17 December 2013. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140730015313/http://en.ria.ru/world/20131217/185654740/NATO-Members-Alarmed-by-Russian-Nuclear-Missile-Deployment.html. 30 July 2014. live.
14. http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4561695 Ракетный комплекс "Искандер-М" получил новые типы ракет
15. "Iskander" is one variant among many of Alexander the Great's given name as expressed by various cultures in the Caucasus and Central Asia, among other regions: Iskander, Askander, Eskinder, Scandar, Eskandar.
16. Web site: Великий воин и защитник "Искандер". VPK. 10 February 2014. ru. 3 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006222505/http://vpk-news.ru/articles/19095. 6 October 2014. live.
17. News: Ракетная эра Непобедимого. Вероника Ушакова. 19 May 2014. Krasnaya Zvezda. 14 September 2017. ru. https://web.archive.org/web/20170914172921/http://www.redstar.ru/index.php/newspaper/item/16112-raketnaya-era-nepobedimogo. 14 September 2017. live.
18. Web site: Россия модернизирует "Искандер". 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141223210035/http://expert.ru/2014/02/11/rossiya-moderniziruet-iskander/. 23 December 2014. live.
19. Web site: Стоимость оперативно-тактического ракетного комплекса "Искандер" снижена практически на треть. 22 August 2014 . 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141223203851/http://vpk.name/news/116068_stoimost_operativnotakticheskogo_raketnogo_kompleksa_iskander_snizhena_prakticheski_na_tret.html?new. 23 December 2014. live.
20. Web site: Russia has more SSC-8 cruise missiles than expected, with conflictual range | February 2019 Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2019 | Archive News year . 11 February 2019 . 15 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190212190610/https://www.armyrecognition.com/february_2019_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_has_more_ssc-8_cruise_missiles_than_expected_with_conflictual_range.html . 12 February 2019 . live .
21. http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/582ecad39a79475408a038ee Минобороны пообещало полностью оснастить ракетные войска «Искандерами»
22. Web site: Hans M. . Kristensen . Russia Declared In Violation Of INF Treaty: New Cruise Missile May Be Deploying . en-us . . 2014-07-30 . 2024-05-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240423102346/https://fas.org/publication/russia-inf/ . 2024-04-23 . live . While public official identification is still pending, news media reports and other information indicate that the violation possibly concerns the Iskander-K weapon system, a modification of the Iskander launcher designed to carry two cruise missiles instead of two SS-26 Iskander-M ballistic missiles. . dmy-all .
23. Web site: Новости . РИА . ru:Разработчик увеличил точность ракет "Искандера-М" . РИА Новости . 2024-04-07 . https://ria.ru/20240407/iskander-1938363103.html . ru . 2024-04-10 . dmy-all.
24. Web site: Оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс "Искандер-Э" - АО Научно-производственная корпорация "КБ Машиностроения". 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927164708/http://www.kbm.ru/ru/production/otrk/37.html. 27 September 2016. live.
25. News: Ismay . John . 14 March 2022 . Russia Deploys a Mystery Munition in Ukraine . . New York City . 15 March 2022 . Iskander-M short-range ballistic missiles are releasing a previously unknown decoy designed to evade air-defense systems, an American official said. . 11 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220411140903/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/14/us/russia-ukraine-weapons-decoy.html/ . live .
26. Web site: Оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс 9К720 'Искандер' - Ракетная техника. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20090419204219/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/iscander/iscander.shtml. 19 April 2009. live.
27. Web site: SS-26 Stone Iskander 9M72 9P78E Ballistic missile system. https://web.archive.org/web/20100725054913/http://www.armyrecognition.com/derni_res_news/bienvenue_sur_joomla__3.html. dead. 25 July 2010.
28. Web site: SS-26 (Iskander) – Missile Threat. CSIS. 3 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161104081046/http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-26-iskander/. 4 November 2016. live.
29. Web site: Iskander tactical missile systems strike mock enemy's objects at Zapad-2021 drills. 19 September 2021. 22 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210922114545/https://tass.com/defense/1337257. live.
30. Web site: Iskander-M strikes targets the size of a window leaf tens of kilometers away — Rostec - Military & Defense . TASS . 2 April 1999 . 26 August 2022 . 26 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826121223/https://tass.com/defense/1498229 . live .
31. Web site: В Ростехе рассказали о "снайперской точности" "Искандера-М" - ТАСС . 23 November 2022 . TACC . ru . Оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТРК) "Искандер-М" работает со снайперской точностью, его ракета способна попасть в цель величиной с форточку с расстояния в несколько десятков километров. . 23 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221123125456/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/15562153 . live .
32. http://www.russiafile.com/Iskander.htm Iskander Missile System
33. Web site: Ударная Сила: Ракетная паутина (оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс 9К720 "Искандер" SS-26 "Stone"). rnns.ru. 25 October 2009. 23 December 2014. ru. https://web.archive.org/web/20141122080102/http://rnns.ru/14897-udarnaja-sila-raketnaja-pautina.html. 22 November 2014. live.
34. Web site: ТАСС: Армия и ОПК. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102927/http://arms-tass.su/?page=article&aid=125546&cid=25. 6 October 2014. live.
35. Web site: Iskander missile complex can now strike sea targets. 3 August 2018. 5 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180805112806/http://www.pravdareport.com/news/russia/economics/03-08-2018/141342-iskander-0/. 5 August 2018. live.
36. News: Ferris . Emily . Could Russia's Reliance on Belarus be its Soft Underbelly? . The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies . 12 January 2023 . 17 January 2023 . 12 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230112105234/https://static.rusi.org/could-russias-reliance-on-belarus-be-its-soft-underbelly.pdf . live .
37. Web site: Ракетный комплекс "Искандер". 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20150503020258/http://dokwar.ru/publ/vooruzhenie/pvo_i_rvsn/raketnyj_kompleks_quot_iskander_quot/16-1-0-82. 3 May 2015. dead.
38. Web site: - 9723. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141223211655/http://vpk.name/library/f/9m723.html. 23 December 2014. live.
39. Web site: Bijlage: verslag onderzoeksmissie Storimans – Kamerbrief inzake het verslag van de onderzoekscommissie- Storimans. Ministerie van Buitenlandse. Zaken. www.rijksoverheid.nl. https://web.archive.org/web/20170813005740/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/kamerstukken/2010/06/02/bijlage-verslag-onderzoeksmissie-storimans-kamerbrief-inzake-het-verslag-van-de-onderzoekscommissie-storimans. 13 August 2017. 12 August 2017. dead.
40. Web site: "Искандер" здесь, "Искандер" там. 29 September 2009. 9 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170211081446/http://www.interfax.ru/russia/102653. 11 February 2017. live.
41. Web site: Москва планирует разместить ракеты "Искандер" в каждом военном округе . . 22 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181212034222/https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B-%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%B2-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5/a-4741439 . 12 December 2018 . live .
42. note other sources now place the brigade at Birobidzhan. http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/rbr/23rbr.htm and warfare.ru.
43. https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/russian-missiles-natos-border Russian Missiles on NATO's Border
44. News: Harutyunyan. Sargis. Advanced Russian Missiles 'Deployed In Armenia'. 22 June 2013. 3 June 2013. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://web.archive.org/web/20130622144049/http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/25005647.html. 22 June 2013. live.
45. http://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2016/09/19/657501-iskanderi-doehali-armenii «Искандеры» доехали до Армении
46. News: Russian forces "capable of being nuclear" moving to Crimea, NATO chief says. 17 March 2018. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180318054915/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-forces-capable-of-being-nuclear-moving-to-crimea-nato-chief-says/. 18 March 2018. live.
47. News: "Ми добре знаємо про наявність російських комплексів "Іскандер" на території тимчасово окупованого Криму", — генерал-майор Олександр Розмазнін. Міністерство оборони України. 17 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180318060307/http://www.mil.gov.ua/news/2014/12/04/mi-dobre-znaemo-pro-nayavnist-rosijskih-kompleksiv-iskander-na-teritorii-timchasovo-okupovanogo-krimu-general-major-oleksandr-rozmaznin/. 18 March 2018. live.
48. News: Ukraine military say Russia deploys Iskander air defense missiles in Crimea. 4 December 2014. Kyiv Post. 17 March 2018. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20160529174249/https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine/ukraine-military-say-russia-deploys-iskander-air-defense-missiles-in-crimea-374075.html. 29 May 2016. live.
49. Web site: Russia says it has a right to put nuclear weapons in Crimea. Loiko. Sergei L.. Los Angeles Times. 15 December 2014. 17 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180318120331/http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-russia-nuclear-crimea-20141215-story.html. 18 March 2018. live.
50. Web site: Russia Threatens to Deploy Nuclear Weapons in Crimea. Keck. Zachary. The National Interest. June 2015. en. 17 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180318055034/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russia-threatens-deploy-nuclear-weapons-crimea-13013. 18 March 2018. live.
51. Web site: Jeremy Binnie, London: "Iskander missile launcher spotted in Syria", IHS Jane's 360, 31 March 2016. 13 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161105175033/http://www.janes.com/article/59182/iskander-missile-launcher-spotted-in-syria. 5 November 2016. live.
52. Web site: Report: Russia's Dangerous Iskander-M Ballistic Missiles Are Now in Syria. Dave. Majumdar. The National Interest. 8 January 2017. 5 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170206030612/http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/report-russias-dangerous-iskander-m-ballistic-missiles-are-18991. 6 February 2017. live.
53. Web site: Russia sends Syria its largest missile delivery to date, US officials say. Lucas. Tomlinson. 8 February 2017. Fox News. 8 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170208211951/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/02/08/russia-sends-syria-its-largest-missile-delivery-to-date-us-officials-say.html. 8 February 2017. live.
54. Web site: ЦАМТО / / "Ростех" значительно увеличил поставки вооружений в зону спецоперации. armstrade.org. 8 April 2023. 14 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230314152133/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1219/133070872/detail.shtml. live.
55. Web site: tagesschau.de . Liveblog: ++ Sofortige Waffenruhe für Mariupol gefordert ++ . 24 April 2022 . tagesschau.de . de . 24 April 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220424113422/https://www.tagesschau.de/newsticker/liveblog-ukraine-sonntag-127.html . live .
56. News: Ukraine also can't intercept Russian Iskander-M, S-300 missiles, not just Kinzhal's. TASS. 8 April 2023. 16 March 2023. 25 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230325052129/https://tass.com/politics/1589809. live.
57. Web site: Subramaniam . Tara . Dean . Sarah . Edwards . Christian . Elwazer . Schams . Sangal . Aditi . Hayes . Mike . Chowdhury . Maureen . Hammond . Elise . 29 May 2023 . Ukraine says it downed 11 Iskander missiles launched by Russia in daytime attack . 18 July 2023 . CNN . en . 7 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707162530/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-05-29-23/h_2bc2f3b78b2554e03d39bb2bbb625121 . live .
58. News: After Two Years Of Trying, The Russians Finally Destroyed A Ukrainian HIMARS. 11 March 2024. Forbes. 11 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240311042646/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2024/03/05/after-two-years-of-trying-the-russians-finally-destroyed-a-ukrainian-himars/?sh=3efab28a526b. live.
59. News: A Russian Drone Spotted A Ukrainian Patriot Air-Defense Crew Convoying Near The Front Line. Soon, A Russian Hypersonic Missile Streaked Down. 10 March 2024. Forbes.
60. Web site: Multiple Ukraine Fighter Jets Destroyed in Strike on Airfield: Moscow. Newsweek. 2 July 2024.
61. Web site: For The Second Day In A Row, Russian Drones And Rockets Struck A Ukrainian Airfield, Hitting Priceless Aircraft. Forbes. 2 July 2024.
62. Web site: For The Third Day In A Row, Russian Rockets Struck A Ukrainian Airfield, Hitting Priceless Aircraft. Forbes. 3 July 2024.
63. Web site: Russian Iskander ‘Double Strike’ Takes Out Ukrainian Rail and Infrastructure . Military Watch Magazine . 2024-07-14 . . 2024-07-18.
64. Web site: The Kaliningrad Missile Crisis. Neil. Leslie. 13 November 2008. 14 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161129084409/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/the-kaliningrad-missile-crisis. 29 November 2016. live.
65. News: Russia to deploy missiles in Kaliningrad to counter US threat. 6 November 2008. Xinhua News Agency. 2 April 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100715073222/http://www.china.org.cn/international/photos/2008-11/06/content_16718295.htm. 15 July 2010. live.
66. News: Obama cancels missile defense and changes transatlantic politics . Toronto . The Globe and Mail . 25 September 2009 . 23 August 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170503115849/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/obama-cancels-missile-defence-and-changes-transatlantic-politics/article1292073/ . 3 May 2017 . live .
67. http://www.vz.ru/politics/2009/9/18/328801.print.html «Искандеры» подождут
68. https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20090926/186483795.html Медведев решил не размещать "Искандеры" в Калининградской области
69. News: Poland and U.S. Army hold joint air defence exercises near Warsaw. Reuters. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20151203233900/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/03/21/uk-poland-usa-missiles-idUKKBN0MH0N620150321. 3 December 2015. live.
70. News: Russia moves nuclear-capable missiles into Kaliningrad. 8 October 2016. Reuters. 2 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170702172206/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-usa-missiles-confirm-idUSKCN1280IV. 2 July 2017. live.
71. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-nato-missiles/russia-deploys-iskander-nuclear-capable-missiles-to-kaliningrad-ria-idUSKBN1FP21Y Russia deploys Iskander nuclear-capable missiles to Kaliningrad: RIA
72. https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20180205/1514006010.html В ГД подтвердили, что комплексы "Искандер" разместили под Калининградом
73. https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20180131/1513691588.html В Калининградской области завершили создание зоны под "Искандер-М"
74. Web site: 16 February 2021. Serzh Sargsyan: Armenia Fired Iskander Missiles at Shushi. 24 February 2021. USC Institute of Armenian Studies. en-US. 1 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210301110509/https://armenian.usc.edu/serzh-sargsyan-armenia-fired-iskander-missiles-at-shushi/. live.
75. Web site: 24 February 2021. Iskander tactical missile systems were not used in Karabakh, say experts. 24 February 2021. TASS. 24 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224155018/https://tass.com/politics/1259863. live.
76. News: Babayan. Aza. Bedevian. Astghik. 24 February 2021. Armenian PM Accused Of Lying About Russian Missiles. 24 February 2021. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան. en. 25 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225010927/https://www.azatutyun.am/a/31119804.html. live.
77. Web site: 25 February 2021. Минобороны России заявило, что "Искандеры" не применялись в ходе конфликта в Карабахе. The Ministry of Defense of Russia declared that "Iskanders" were not used during the conflict in Karabakh. 2 March 2021. ТАСС. ru. 25 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225165505/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/10783693. live.
78. Web site: Soylu. Ragip. 1 March 2021. Israeli defence system shot down Russian missile Armenia fired at Baku. 2 March 2021. Middle East Eye. en. 1 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210301143739/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/azerbaijan-armenia-israel-russia-missile-fired-shot-down. live.
79. Web site: Кто выстрелил из "Искандера" по Шуше? - первые версии. 31 March 2021. haqqin.az. 31 March 2021. 31 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210331135031/https://haqqin.az/news/205746. live.
80. Web site: ISKANDER JE IPAK KORIŠĆEN U KARABAHU? Azeri pokazali dokaz, čeka se odgovor Jerevana (FOTO). 31 March 2021. www.srbijadanas.com. 31 March 2021. sh. 1 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210401145907/https://www.srbijadanas.com/vesti/svet/nagorno-karabah-jermenija-azerbejdzan-rusija-iskander-naoruzanje-sukob-rat-2021-03-31. live.
81. Web site: ANAMA: В Шушу была сброшена ракета "Искандер-М". 2 April 2021. Информационное Агентство Репорт. 2 April 2021. ru. 3 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210403121813/https://report.az/ru/karabakh/anama-v-shushu-byla-sbroshena-raketa-iskander-m/. live.
82. Web site: 1 April 2021. Şuşaya atılan "İskəndər"dən Ermənistanda yoxdur — Bəs kim edib?. 2 April 2021. Qafqazinfo. az. 1 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210401084536/https://qafqazinfo.az/news/detail/susaya-atilan-iskenderden-ermenistanda-yoxdur-bes-kim-edib-319058. live.
83. Web site: New ballistic missile created for Iskander tactical system. 25 December 2015. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161125023953/http://www.pravdareport.com/news/russia/25-12-2015/132957-iskander_missile-0/. 25 November 2016. live.
84. Web site: Military & Defense – Iskander-M system gets new types of missiles — manufacturer . TASS . 30 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171117161357/http://tass.com/defense/965611 . 17 November 2017 . live .
85. Web site: 9K720 Iskander (SS-26 Stone) Russian Short-Range Ballistic Missile . 7 August 2024 . ODIN - OE Data Integration Network (army.mil).
86. Web site: Почему ОТРК "Искандер" так пугает наших соседей. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141229140918/http://expert.ru/2014/01/27/neulovimyij-raketnyij-mstitel/. 29 December 2014. live.
87. Web site: Photo . army-news.ru . PDF . 7 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141210042508/http://army-news.ru/images_stati/sostav_Iskander.jpg . 10 December 2014 . live .
88. News: США: Россия получила ракету, нарушающую договор РСМД. Ведомости . Vedomosti. 14 February 2017. 21 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170908203248/https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2017/02/14/677664-ssha-rossiya. 8 September 2017. live.
89. Web site: Чемезов: ракетные комплексы "Искандер" не пойдут на экспорт. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161015121406/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3342756. 15 October 2016. live.
90. News: North Korea's Newest Ballistic Missile: A Preliminary Assessment . Elleman . Michael . The Henry L. Stimson Center . 38 North . 8 May 2019 . 9 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190509051848/https://www.38north.org/2019/05/melleman050819/ . 9 May 2019 . live .
91. Web site: Iskander (SS-26 Stone). military-today.com. 21 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171124221843/http://www.military-today.com/missiles/iskander.htm. 24 November 2017. live.
92. Web site: Armenia will receive weapons from Russia under a $100 million loan - March 2018 Global Defense Security army news industry - Defense Security global news industry army 2018 - Archive News year. Administrator. www.armyrecognition.com. 31 March 2018 . 1 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180331164639/http://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/armenia_will_receive_weapons_from_russia_under_a_$100_million_loan.html. 31 March 2018. live.
93. News: СМИ: Армения получила российские комплексы "Искандер-М". Vzglyad. 16 September 2016. ru. 19 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919140406/http://www.vz.ru/news/2016/9/16/832988.html. 19 September 2016. live.
94. Web site: Vedomosti: Russia shipped four Iskander missile systems to Armenia. 19 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170818085922/http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/221119/. 18 August 2017. live.
95. https://ria.ru/interview/20170222/1488534644.html Виген Саркисян: "Искандеры" принадлежат Армении, управляем ими мы
96. Web site: Россия поставила ОТРК "Искандер-Э" в одну из стран Северной Африки . . 15 November 2017 . 17 November 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171116132538/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20171115/1508832294.html . 16 November 2017 . live .
97. Web site: Binnie. Jeremy. Russian official says MENA country has Iskander-E missiles. IHS Jane's 360. 18 November 2017. https://archive.today/20171118114011/http://www.janes.com/article/75755/russian-official-says-mena-country-has-iskander-e-missiles. 18 November 2017. 16 November 2017. dead.
98. Langloit . Philippe . 22 November 2017 . Les Forces Armées Algériennes . DSI Magazine . France . Centre d'analyse et de prévision des risques internationaux . 56–57 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045013/http://www.areion24.news/produit/dsi-n-131/ . 1 December 2017 . live .
99. News: Российское оружие удержало свое место. 3 May 2018. Газета "Коммерсантъ". 6 March 2018. 1. https://web.archive.org/web/20181206085011/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3566087. 6 December 2018. live.
100. Web site: Belarus buys Russian Iskander and S-400 missile systems to face NATO threat. armyrecognition.com. 20 May 2022. 20 May 2022. 20 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220520151248/https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_may_2022_global_security_army_industry/belarus_buys_russian_iskander_and_s-400_missile_systems_to_face_nato_threat.html. live.
101. Web site: 25 June 2022 . Russia promises Belarus Iskander-M nuclear-capable missiles . BBC . 26 June 2022 . 25 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220625235111/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61938111 . live .
102. Web site: ЦАМТО / / Александр Лукашенко: в Белоруссии поставлены на боевое дежурство ЗРС С-400 и ОТРК "Искандер". armstrade.org. 8 April 2023. 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230523205515/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1220/101570883/detail.shtml. live.
103. Web site: Belarus says it is now operating Russian Iskander missiles autonomously . 1 February 2023 . MSN . en-US . 1 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230201180407/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/belarus-says-it-is-now-operating-russian-iskander-missiles-autonomously/ar-AA16Zjvd . live .
104. Web site: Белорусские военные получили ракетный комплекс "Искандер" – мониторинговая группа . 7 May 2023 . Зеркало недели Дзеркало тижня Mirror Weekly . 7 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230507163843/https://zn.ua/war/belorusskie-voennye-poluchili-raketnyj-kompleks-iskander-monitorinhovaja-hruppa.html . live .
105. Web site: Another Iskander-M tactical missile system commissioned to Belarusian army . 30 August 2023 . . 1 September 2023 . 1 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230901193913/https://tass.com/world/1667637 . live .
106. Web site: Комплекс 9К720 Искандер - SS-26 STONE - Структура комплекса и хронология - MilitaryRussia.Ru — отечественная военная техника (после 1945г.) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160928004524/http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-832.html . 28 September 2016 . 8 October 2016.
107. Web site: ЦАМТО / Новости / В войска Южного военного округа поступил второй бригадный комплект ОТРК "Искандер-М" . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170112010839/http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/1118/172532235/detail.shtml . 12 January 2017 . 8 October 2016.
108. Web site: Western military district gets first Iskander tactical missile system . 14 December 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131220143348/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20101214/161766995.html . 20 December 2013 . live.
109. Web site: Russian Army Chief Visits Missile Academy . 12 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131220143927/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20130212/179432505/Russian-Army-Chief-Visits-Missile-Academy.html . 20 December 2013.
110. Web site: http://www.arms-expo.ru/049057054050124051051056055051.html . ru:НПК «КБМ» завершила поставки «Искандер-М» за 2013 год . ru . KBM NPK finalised Iskander-M deliveries for 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131205163308/http://www.arms-expo.ru/049057054050124051051056055051.html . 5 December 2013. Web site: https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20131114/976887621.html . ru:Гособоронзаказ на 2013 год по поставкам "Искандер-М" выполнен . State Defence Order for 2013 for Iskander-M deliveries fulfilled . ru . 14 November 2013 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20131115183232/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20131114/976887621.html . 15 November 2013.
111. Web site: 19 December 2013 . ru:Южный военный округ получил комплексы "Искандер-М" . The Southern Military District received Iskander-M systems . http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20131219/985060165.html . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129050156/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20131219/985060165.html . 29 November 2014 . 23 December 2014 . РИА Новости.
112. Web site: ru:НПК "КБМ" передала Минобороны третий комплект ОТРК "Искандер-М" для оснащения ракетной бригады . KBM Research and Development Company handed over to the Defence Ministry the third set of Iskander-M missile defence systems to equip a missile brigade . http://www.kbm.ru/ru/press-centre/420.html . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129083220/http://www.kbm.ru/ru/press-centre/420.html . 29 November 2014 . 23 December 2014.
113. Web site: 20 November 2014 . ru:Ракетная бригада ЦВО перевооружена на новейшие оперативно-тактические ракетные комплексы "Искандер-М" . Central Military District missile brigade rearmed with the latest Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems . http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2014/1120/134026698/detail.shtml . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129051954/http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2014/1120/134026698/detail.shtml . 29 November 2014 . 23 December 2014.
114. Web site: ЦАМТО / Новости / АО "НПК «КБМ" сдало Минобороны РФ шестой бригадный комплект ОТРК "Искандер-М" . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170111155303/http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/1118/120032221/detail.shtml . 11 January 2017 . 8 October 2016.
115. Web site: "Искандер" научили взрывать метро по фотографии . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129225630/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/archive/iskander-nauchili-vzryvat-metro-po-fotografii-14-11-2011-16-44-00/?sphrase_id=2017576 . 29 November 2014 . 23 December 2014.
116. Web site: Министр обороны подтвердил передачу "Искандеров" 41-й армии ЦВО - Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер" . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014423/http://vpk-news.ru/news/34004 . 1 December 2016 . 30 November 2016 . vpk-news.ru.
117. Web site: 24 August 2017 . Russian Defence Ministry to receive two brigade sets of the Iskander-M tactic missile complexes : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170830154009/http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12139612@egNews . 30 August 2017 . 30 November 2017 . Eng.mil.ru.
118. Web site: Military & Defense – Russian troops receive brigade set of Iskander-M ballistic missile system . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032609/http://tass.com/defense/976880 . 1 December 2017 . 30 November 2017 . TASS.
119. Web site: 25 November 2019 . В российской армии завершили перевооружение на "Искандеры" . 30 November 2019 . 27 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191127233033/https://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/20191125355-TX9JV.html . live .
120. Web site: Troops test-fire Iskander tactical missile system in Russia's south . 13 December 2019 . 13 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191213154941/https://tass.com/defense/1098855 . live .
121. Web site: Товарищ Министр обороны Российской Федерации, уважаемые товарищи! . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220120192631/https://function.mil.ru/files/morf/Doklad_Krivoruchko_EDP_2022.pdf . 20 January 2022 . 8 May 2022 . function.mil.ru . Russian.
122. Web site: ЦАМТО / Главное / На форуме «Армия-2022» подписаны 7 и вручены 29 госконтрактов с 26 предприятиями ОПК . 26 August 2022 . Armstrade.org . 22 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220822120727/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/mainnews/2022/0817/084269022/detail.shtml . live .
123. Web site: Russian Defense Ministry awards $4.15 BLN worth contracts to defense industry companies . 17 August 2023 . 17 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230817160056/https://tass.com/defense/1661363 . live .
124. Web site: Семенова . Елена . МО на форуме «Армия-2024» заключило контракт на поставку ракет для «Искандеров» . РИАМО . 2024-08-13 . ru . 2024-08-15.
125. Web site: Russian strategic bomber to extend Kinzhal hypersonic missile's range — source . . 18 July 2018 . 2 January 2024 . 17 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180917071432/http://tass.com/defense/1013794 . live .
126. promotional CD of KBM
127. Web site: Iskander (SS-26 Stone) Short-Range Ballistic Missile. 15 May 2011. Military-Today. 31 December 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20111019071301/http://www.military-today.com/missiles/iskander.htm. 19 October 2011. live.
128. Web site: 9К720 "Искандер" - оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс. 23 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141223201045/http://army.lv/ru/9k720/2663/505#info. 23 December 2014. live.