Isaiah 42 Explained

Isaiah 42 is the forty-second chapter of the Book of Isaiah in both the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a part of the Books of the Prophets.[1] Chapters 40-55 are known as "Deutero-Isaiah" and date from the time of the Israelites' exile in Babylon. This chapter contains a poem known as the first of the "Servant songs" about the servant, whom Jewish tradition holds that Isaiah identifies as either the Israelites themselves (Hebrew: אור לגויים, or l'goyim) or Cyrus (in contrast to Jewish Christian and, thus, later gentile Christian tradition, as well as Islamic tradition).

Scholars such as John Goldingay, John Barton, and John Muddiman also hold the view that the Old Testament identifies the servant of the Servant songs as the Israelites in Is. 41:8-9; Is. 44:1; Is. 44:21; Is. 45:4; Is. 48:20 and Is. 49:3.[2] [3] The latter two write that "The idea of a 'servant' played a small part in the earlier chapters, being used as a designation of the unworthy Eliakim in 22:20 and of the figure of David in 37:35, but it now comes to the fore as a description of major significance, the noun being used more than 20 times in chs. 40-55. Its first usage is obviously important in establishing the sense in which we are to understand it, and here it is clear that the community of Israel/Jacob is so described."[2]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).

Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls (3rd century BC or later):

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B;

ak{G}

B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK:

ak{G}

S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A;

ak{G}

A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q;

ak{G}

Q; 6th century).

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.[4] Isaiah 42 is a part of the Consolations (Isaiah 40–66). : open parashah; : closed parashah.

42:1-4 42:5-9 42:10-13 42:14-17 42:18-25 [43:1-10 {S}]

Verse 1

"Behold! My Servant whom I uphold,

My Elect One in whom My soul delights!

I have put My Spirit upon Him;

He will bring forth justice to the Gentiles."[5]

The Synoptic Gospels each allude to verse 1 in their accounts of the Baptism of Jesus, when the Holy Spirit descends like a dove upon Jesus and a "voice from heaven" acclaims Him as "My Beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased." (; 1:11 KJV; 3:22 KJV).

Verse 3

A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.[6] In 36:6 9, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, had referred to Egypt as a "broken reed", criticising Israel's dependence on Egypt during the reign of king Hezekiah.

Verse 4

He shall not fail nor be discouraged, till he have set judgment in the earth: and the isles shall wait for his law.[9]

Verse 7

To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.[15]

New Testament

In –21, Isaiah 42:1–4 is cited as a fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecies in the life and work of Jesus Christ:

And great multitudes followed Him, and He healed them all. Yet He warned them not to make Him known, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying:

"Behold! My Servant whom I have chosen,

My Beloved in whom My soul is well pleased!

I will put My Spirit upon Him,

And He will declare justice to the Gentiles.

He will not quarrel nor cry out,

Nor will anyone hear His voice in the streets.

A bruised reed He will not break,

And smoking flax He will not quench,

Till He sends forth justice to victory;

And in His name Gentiles will trust."[20]

Islamic interpretation

Muslim tradition holds that Isaiah 42 predicted the coming of a servant associated with Qedar, the second son of Ishmael and who went on to live his life in Arabia[21] (see Isaiah 42:11). Isaiah 42:11 also mentions that the people of "Sela" - interpreted here as the mountain of Sela near present-day Medina, Saudi Arabia - would "sing for joy" and "shout from the mountain tops", and so interpret this passage as prophesising the coming of Muhammad and his migration to Medina.[22]

See also

Sources

External links

Jewish

Christian

Notes and References

  1. Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
  2. Barton, John, and John Muddiman, eds. The Oxford Bible Commentary. Oxford University Press, 2007, 467-477
  3. Goldingay, John. The theology of the Book of Isaiah. InterVarsity Press, 2014, 61-74.
  4. As implemented in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
  5. 2 Isaiah NKJV
  6. 42:3 KJV KJV
  7. Note [a] on Isaiah 42:3 in NKJV
  8. Note [b] on Isaiah 42:3 in NKJV
  9. 42:4 KJV KJV
  10. https://biblehub.com/text/isaiah/42-4.htm Hebrew Text Analysis: Isaiah 42:4
  11. Note [a] on Isaiah 42:4 in ESV
  12. Note [a] on Isaiah 42:4 in NET Bible
  13. Note [b] on Isaiah 42:4 in NET Bible
  14. Note [c] on Isaiah 42:4 in NET Bible
  15. 42:7 KJV KJV
  16. Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Isaiah 42". 1871.
  17. Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "Isaiah 42". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  18. [Charles Ellicott|Ellicott, C. J.]
  19. [Albert Barnes (theologian)|Barnes, Albert]
  20. 2 Matthew NKJV
  21. Zepp, Ira G. (2000). A Muslim Primer: Beginner's Guide to Islam. Vol. 1. University of Arkansas Press, p. 50. Accessed 3 May 2024.
  22. Rubin, Uri (1995). The eye of the beholder: the life of Muḥammad as viewed by the early Muslims: a textual analysis. Volume 5 of Studies in late antiquity and early Islam. Darwin Press. For 1995 edition see here.