| Isabel Rilvas | |
| Birth Name: | Isabel Manuela Teixeira Bandeira de Melo |
| Birth Date: | 8 January 1935 |
| Birth Place: | Lisbon, Portugal |
| Occupation: | Acrobatic pilot |
| Known For: | Inspiration for the founding of the Portuguese Paratroop Nurses |
Isabel Manuela Teixeira Bandeira de Melo, also known as Isabel Rilvas, GOIH GCSI (born 8 January 1935) is a Portuguese former acrobatic pilot, known for being the first female parachutist in Portugal and the inspiration for the creation of the Portuguese Paratroop Nurses. She was the first acrobatic pilot in the Iberian Peninsula, broke the Portuguese record for flight without an engine and was the first Portuguese person to obtain a hot-air balloon licence.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Rilvas was born on 8 January 1935, in the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. She was the daughter of the Count of Rilvas, hence the surname by which she became known.[4]
Rilvas began to learn to fly at the Civil Aviation School of the Aero Club of Portugal in the Sintra municipality in 1953, sponsored by the director of the General Aeronautical Material Workshops (OGMA), Pedro Avilez. To take the course, she was always accompanied by a family employee who acted as her companion. She obtained her licence as a private airplane pilot in 1954, later obtaining the equivalent licences in South Africa, Spain, Italy and the US, countries where she lived as the wife of Leonardo Mathias, who was the Portuguese ambassador.[4] [5]
Rilvas became the first acrobatic pilot in the Iberian Peninsula and, in 1955, only the second Portuguese woman to obtain a C licence that allowed her to fly gliders. As an acrobatic pilot she entered several competitions at Sintra and Figueira da Foz, piloting various makes of planes including a Cessna, the Tiger Moth, and the Piper PA-12 Super Cruiser. She won competitions in 1958 and 1960.[2] [4] [5]
As a glider pilot, Rilvas broke the Portuguese record for staying in the air without an engine, remaining aloft for 11 hours and 15 minutes, around the OGMA airfield at Alverca do Ribatejo on 2 July 1960. She was also a pioneer in ballooning, becoming the first Portuguese woman to obtain a Hot Air Balloon certificate in 1981, in the USA.[4] [5]
In 1955, Rilvas went to France to take a parachuting course at Biscarrosse Parachuting Centre. While attending an air festival at Le Bourget she met the Paratroop Nurses of the French Red Cross, who encouraged her to take the idea back to Portugal. In 1956, she obtained the 1st degree brevet in civil parachuting at the Biscarrosse Parachuting Center. In 1957, she obtained the 2nd degree brevet in the same school. Lieutenant-Colonel Kaúlza de Arriaga, then sub-State Secretary of Aeronautics, supported Rilvas' idea for a Portuguese Paratroop Nurse service and started to explore the possibilities of its integration in the Armed Forces.[4] [5] [6]
In order to maintain her licences, Rilvas had to complete a specific number of jumps, but was faced with the lack of places where it was possible to do so in Portugal. For this reason, she asked the Portuguese Air Force to authorize her to jump at the Tancos military base, where the Paratroopers' Regiment was based. On 16 January 1957 she was the first civilian to jump at Tancos. She was also the first person to jump in Luanda in Angola and in Lourenço Marques (now Maputo) in Mozambique.[4] [5]
In 1961, Kaúlza de Arriaga, at the beginning of the Portuguese Colonial War, presented the idea of paratroop nurses to the Portuguese leader António de Oliveira Salazar, who authorized the creation of a group. In June of that year, training was given to 11 nurses at the Tancos base, of which six obtained a licence, becoming known as the Seis Marias. From the beginning of the war until the end of 1974, the corps of paratroop nurses made evacuations of soldiers and civilians in the then Portuguese colonies, assisted wounded in combat zones, and worked in several hospitals both in Portugal and in the colonies, namely in Luanda, Lourenço Marques, Nampula, Terceira Island in the Azores, and Lisbon.[4] [5]