| Iron Man | |
| Year: | c. 1,000 CE |
| Type: | Sculpture |
| Material: | Ataxite class nickel-rich iron meteorite |
| Subject: | initially speculated the Buddhist deity Vaiśravaṇa, after research Nicholas Roerich |
| Height Metric: | 24 |
| Dimensions: | Weight |
| Metric Unit: | cm |
| Imperial Unit: | in |
| Museum: | private collection in Vienna |
The Iron Man statue is a 24cm (09inches), 10kg (20lb) sculpture. The figure is adorned with a counterclockwise-rotation Buddhist swastika.
Sensational newspaper articles presented it in fresh and cheerful headlines under the "Science" section as a Buddha with extraterrestrial origin and a Nazi history. Relationships with extraterrestrials have been a key issue for Nazi occultists and Tibetan esotericists.[1] Albeit claims that the statue may have been acquired by the SS expedition to Tibet 1938–1939, evidence of the statue's provenance was never presented. The statue was kept in a private collection in Germany until it was auctioned in 2007 into hands in Vienna, inaccessible to further study.[2] [3]
The material has been dated to the time of the Chinga meteorite, which fell near eastern Siberia and Mongolia between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago. Elmar Buchler, the researcher who had determined the statue's composition has said, "If we are right that it was made in the Bon culture in the eleventh century, it is absolutely priceless and absolutely unique worldwide."[4] [5] But even the authors of the meteorite theory expressed several concerns and remarked that their assessment of it being carved in the eleventh century is mere speculation.[6]
The Buddhologist from Dongguk University, Achim Bayer, published the widely acclaimed article The Lama Wearing Trousers examining twelve stylistic characteristics which, in his view, indicated the statue was extremely unlikely to have originated in Tibet. He estimated the date of the statue at somewhere between 1920 and 1970. In addition, he proposed "that the statue was produced in Germany either for the general antique and curio market, or even for the lucrative market of Nazi memorabilia."[7]
The German historian and Tibetologist Isrun Engelhardt (1941–2022) from the University of Bonn tracked down the origin of the sculpture and largely deciphered its secret. She published her academic essay The Strange Case of the "Buddha from Space" in 2017 in the specialist magazine "The Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines". Isrun convincingly argued that the statue had most probably been designed and made for the eccentric Russian orientalist and painter Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947). Roerichs painting "The Order of Rigden Jyepo", which depicts the mythological Shambhala King, who, according to prophecies, will engulf the world in an apocalyptic war may have served as a template for the sculpture. Roerich claimed to be the incarnation of Rigden Jyepo. Roerich even described himself as the ″coming king of Shambhala″ in a letter to the Dalai Lama. In Darjeeling he had magnificent, traditional robes made for him, which he occasionally wore. Roerich planned to enter Tibet as Rigden Jyepo, the 25th King of Shambhala. Engelhardt concluded: "One can assume from these arguments that the meteorite statue portrays Nicholas Roerich as Rigden Jyepo or Reta Rigden, and thus the main mystery appears to have been solved."[8]