Irene Papas Explained

Irene Papas
Birth Name:Irene Lelekou
Birth Date:3 September 1929
Birth Place:Chiliomodi, Corinthia, Second Hellenic Republic
Death Place:Kifissia, Athens, Greece
Resting Place:Chiliomodi Cemetery, Corinthia, Greece
Nationality:Greek
Years Active:1948–2003
Occupation:Film and theatre actress, singer
Known For:Heroines of Greek tragedy; powerful stage presence
Notable Works:Antigone
Electra
The Guns of Navarone
Iphigenia
The Message
The Trojan Women
Z
Zorba the Greek
Spouse:
    Relations:Manousos Manousakis (nephew)

    Irene Papas or Irene Pappas[1] (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ειρήνη Παππά|Eiríni Pappá, in Greek, Modern (1453-); pronounced as /iˈrini paˈpa/; born Eirini Lelekou (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ειρήνη Λελέκου|Eiríni Lelékou|link=no); 3 September 1929 – 14 September 2022)[2] was a Greek actress and singer who starred in over 70 films in a career spanning more than 50 years. She gained international recognition through such popular award-winning films as The Guns of Navarone (1961), Zorba the Greek (1964) and Z (1969). She was a powerful protagonist in films including The Trojan Women (1971) and Iphigenia (1977). She played the title roles in Antigone (1961) and Electra (1962). She had a fine singing voice, on display in the 1968 recording Songs of Theodorakis.

    Papas won Best Actress awards at the Berlin International Film Festival for Antigone and from the National Board of Review for The Trojan Women. Her career awards include the Golden Arrow Award in 1993 at Hamptons International Film Festival, and the Golden Lion Award in 2009 at the Venice Biennale.

    Early life

    Papas was born as Eirini Lelekou (Ειρήνη Λελέκου) on 3 September 1929,[2] [3] [4] in the village of Chiliomodi, outside Corinth, Greece. Her mother, Eleni Prevezanou (Ελένη Πρεβεζάνου), was a schoolteacher, and her father, Stavros Lelekos (Σταύρος Λελέκος), taught classical drama at the Sofikós school in Corinth. She recalled that she was always acting as a child, making dolls out of rags and sticks; after a touring theatre visited the village performing Greek tragedies with the women tearing their hair, she used to tie a black scarf around her head and perform for the other children.[5] The family moved to Athens when she was seven years old. She was educated from age 15 at the National Theatre of Greece Drama School in Athens, taking classes in dance and singing.[6] She found the acting style advocated by the School old-fashioned, formal, and stylised, and she rebelled against it, causing her to have to repeat a year; she eventually graduated in 1948.

    Career

    Theatre

    Papas began her acting career in Greece in variety and traditional theatre, in plays by Ibsen, Shakespeare, and classical Greek tragedy, before moving into film in 1951.[6] She continued to appear on stage from time to time, including in New York City in productions such as Dostoevsky's The Idiot.[7] She played in Iphigenia in Aulis in Broadway's Circle in the Square Theatre in 1968.[8]

    She starred in Medea in 1973 on Broadway. Reviewing the production in the New York Times, drama critic Clive Barnes described her as a "very fine, controlled Medea", smouldering with a "carefully dampened passion", constantly fierce.[9] Theatre critic Walter Kerr also praised the performance. Both saw in her portrayal what Barnes called an "unrelenting determination and unwavering desire for justice".[10] She appeared in The Bacchae in 1980 at Circle in the Square, and in Electra at the Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus in 1985.

    Film

    Europe

    Papas was discovered by Elia Kazan in Greece, where she achieved widespread fame.[6] Her first film work was a small part in Nikos Tsiforos's 1948 Fallen Angels (Greek, "Hamenoi angeloi").[11] She began to attract attention with her role in Frixos Iliadis's 1952 film Dead City (Greek, "Nekri Politeia"). The film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival, where Papas was welcomed by the international press, and photographed spending time with the wealthy Aga Khan.[12] Greek filmmakers thought her a noncommercial actress, and she tried her hand abroad, signing with Lux Film in Italy, where the publicity for Dead City was enough to launch her as a film star. She played in Lux's 1954 films Attila and Theodora, Slave Empress, which attracted Hollywood's attention.[5] Many other films followed, both in Greece and internationally.[12]

    She was a leading figure in cinematic transcriptions of ancient tragedy, playing the title roles in George Tzavellas's Antigone (1961) and Michael Cacoyannis's Electra (1962), with her powerful portrayal of the doomed heroine; this brought her star status. She played Helen in Cacoyannis's The Trojan Women (1971) opposite Katharine Hepburn, and Clytemnestra with "smoldering eyes", according to The New York Times,[13] in his Iphigenia (1977).[14] [15]

    Papas became fluent in Italian, and many of her films were made in that language. She said Cacoyannis was the only director that she was really comfortable with, describing herself as "too obedient" to stand up to other directors.[5] Cacoyannis said that she was part of his decision to make Iphigenia, forming his image of Clytemnestra with her power and physique, and her un-selfpitying, impersonal anger against the injustice of life, something that in his view was accessible to actors from countries like Greece that had experienced long years of oppression.

    Alejandro Valverde García described Papas's part in The Trojan Women as "the most convincing cinematographic Helen that has ever been represented", noting that the script was written with her in mind.[16]

    Hollywood

    Papas debuted in American film with a bit part in the B-movie The Man from Cairo (1953); her next American film was a much larger role as Jocasta Constantine, with James Cagney, in the Western Tribute to a Bad Man (1956). She then starred in films such as The Guns of Navarone (1961) and Cacoyannis's Zorba the Greek (1964), based on Nikos Kazantzakis's novel of the same name, set to Mikis Theodorakis's music, establishing her reputation internationally.[17]

    In The Guns of Navarone, she stars as a resistance fighter involved in the action, an addition to Alistair Maclean's novel, providing a love interest and a strong female character.[18] [19] [20] Gerasimus Katsan comments that she plays a "hard as nails" partisan in The Guns of Navarone, "capable, unafraid, stoic, patriotic, and heroic"; when the men hesitate, she kills the traitorous Anna; but although she interacts romantically with Andreas (Anthony Quinn), she remains "cool and rational", revealing little of her sensual persona; she is as tough as the men, like the stereotype of a Greek village woman, but she is contrasted with them in the film.

    Bosley Crowther called her appearance in Zorba "dark and intense as the widow".[21] Katsan said that she was most often remembered as the "sensual widow" in Zorba. Katsan wrote that she was again contrasted to the other village women, playing "the beautiful and tortured widow" who is eventually hunted to death with what Vrasidas Karalis called "elemental nobility".[22] The scholar of film Jefferson Hunter wrote that Papas helped lift Zorba from being merely an "exuberant" film with the stark passion of her subplot role.[23]

    This success did not earn her an easy life; she stated that she did not work for 2 years after Electra, despite the prizes and acclamation; and again, she was out of work for 18 months after Zorba. It turned out to be her most popular film, but she said she earned only $10,000 from it.[5]

    Papas played leading roles in several critically acclaimed films. In Z (1969), her political activist's widow has been called "indelible".[24] She played an admired Catherine of Aragon in Anne of the Thousand Days, opposite Richard Burton and Geneviève Bujold in 1969. In 1976, she starred in The Message about the origin of Islam, a film which Mark Cousins stated was "perhaps seen by as many people as...any film in cinema history."[25] In 1982, she appeared in Lion of the Desert. One of her last film appearances was in Captain Corelli's Mandolin in 2001,[6] [26] where in Katsan's view she was underused reprising her strong peasant woman from The Guns of Navarone and the widow from Zorba.

    Stardom

    The Enciclopedia Italiana described Papas as a typical Mediterranean beauty, with a lovely voice both in singing and acting, greatly talented and with an adventurous spirit.[6] Olga Kourelou added that film-makers from Cacoyannis onwards have made systematic use of her looks: "Her chalk-white skin and long black hair, dark brown eyes, thick arched eyebrows, and straight nose make Papas appear as the quintessential idea of Greek beauty." She writes that the camera has lingered in close-up on Papas's face, and that she is often photographed in profile, intentionally recalling the iconography of ancient Greece. Kourelou gives as example the profile shot in Iphigenia where Papas sings a lullaby to her daughter, in front of a Hellenic sculpture of a woman, the shot bringing out the resemblance of their facial features; she notes that posters of Papas have often used the same motif.

    Gerasimus Katsan wrote that she is the best-known and most recognisable Greek film star, "an actor with incredible range, power, and subtlety".[27] In the view of the film critic Philip Kemp,

    Kemp described Papas as an awe-inspiring presence, which paradoxically limited her career. He admired her roles in Cacoyannis's films, including the defiant Helen of Troy in The Trojan Women; the vengeful, grief-stricken Clytemnestra in Iphigenia; and "memorably"[14] as the cool but sensual widow in Zorba the Greek.[14] David Thomson, in his Biographical Dictionary of Film, called Papas's manner in Iphigenia "blatant declaiming".[28] She stood out in Costa-Gavras's 1968 political film Z, based on a real-life assassination, and in Ruy Guerra's 1983 Eréndira, with a screenplay by the novelist Gabriel García Márquez.[17]

    The film critic Roger Ebert observed that there were many "pretty girls" in cinema "but not many women", and called Papas a great actress. Ebert noted her uphill struggle, her height, 5inchesft10inchesin (ftin) limiting the leading men she could play alongside, her accent limiting the roles she could take, and that "her unusual beauty is not the sort that superstar actresses like to compete with."[29] [30] Ordinary actors, he suggested, had trouble sharing the screen with Papas. All the same, her presence in many well-known movies, wrote Ebert, inspired "something of a cult".[29]

    In his book on Greek cinema, Mel Schuster called Papas a great actress on the strength of her roles in four of Cacoyannis's films. He found her stage presence awe-inspiring, especially in Electra, and so powerful as to limit the film roles she could take, as she seemed to be an elemental force of nature. That resulted, Schuster stated, in Hollywood's treating her as "a Mother Earth who suffered and survived, but rarely talked or acted".[31] That made her Helen in The Trojan Women, pacing up and down like a caged panther "with just the searching eyes darting through the bars", a "marvelous surprise", as Hollywood saw that in fact she was also an accomplished actor.[31] In his view, casting her as the beautiful Helen was daring, as Papas was not, in 1971, as conventionally beautiful as a Hedy Lamarr or an Elizabeth Taylor; if she was the face that launched a thousand ships, then she brought "a force which might indeed have inspired a holocaust".[31] Schuster commented that in each of the four Cacoyannis films, one shot of Papas's gave "indelible pleasure" and remained etched in the memory. In Iphigenia, that shot was in his view wisely placed at the end, under the closing credits, so that viewers see her until that moment as a versatile and powerfully histrionic actress, appropriate both to the ancient mythic dimensions of the tale and to a modern psychological reading of the myth.[31]

    Bella Vivante contrasted Papas's dark-haired Helen in The Trojan Women with the conventional choice of a blonde, Rossana Podestà, in Robert Wise's 1956 Helen of Troy. Where Wise emphasised Helen's seductive gaze and framed Podesta as an ideal beauty for the audience to look at, Cacoyannis made the scenes framed as Papas's gaze provide "an empowering female identity".[32]

    The scholar of Greek, Gerasimus Katsan, called her the most recognizable and best-known Greek film star, with "range, power, and subtlety", stating that her work made her a kind of national hero. She acted strong women with "beauty and sensuality, but also fierce independence and spirit".[27]

    Robert Stam wrote of Papas's role in Ruy Guerra's 1983 Eréndira that "the near-indestructible grandmother [of the eponymous young prostitute] reigns supreme"; she gives the effect of "a kind of queen" both through the regal props and her powerful performance, at once villainous and sympathetic, "an oracle who speaks truths, especially about men and love".[33]

    Kourelou wrote that although Papas had appeared in the films of both European and American "auteurs", she was best known as a tragedienne, citing the film-maker Manoel de Oliveira's remark that "this great tragedienne is the grand and beautiful image that embodies the deepest essence of the female soul. She is the image of Greece of all time ..., the mother of western civilisation".[34] In Kourelou's view, Papas's tragic persona "offers an image of sublimated beauty with a transcendental quality";[34] she notes that Papas is neither "sexualised nor glamorised" with the single exception of her role as Helen in The Trojan Women.[34]

    In 1973, she was honoured with a photo shoot by the Magnum photographer Ferdinando Scianna.[35]

    Asked about her acting for film and stage, and in classical and modern films, Papas stated that the acting techniques and method of expressing oneself are the same. One might, she said, need to use a louder voice on a classical stage, but "you always use the same soul".[17] She denied having any secret to acting with such energy, but said that one's attitude to death was what drove action. Death was in her view "the greatest catalyst in human life"; while waiting to die, one had to decide what to do with one's life.[17]

    Singing

    In 1969, the RCA label released Papas' vinyl LP Songs of Theodorakis (INTS 1033). This has 11 songs sung in Greek, conducted by Harry Lemonopoulos and produced by Andy Wiswell, with sleeve notes in English by Michael Cacoyannis. It was released on CD in 2005 (FM 1680).[36] Papas knew Mikis Theodorakis from working with him on Zorba the Greek[14] as early as 1964. The critic Clive Barnes said of her singing performance on the album that "Irene Pappas is known to the public as an actress, but that is why she sings with such intensity, her very appearance, with her raven hair, is an equally dynamic means of expression".[37]

    In 1972, she appeared on the album 666 by the Greek rock group Aphrodite's Child on the track "∞" (infinity). She chants "I was, I am, I am to come" repeatedly and wildly over a percussive backing, worrying the label, Mercury, who hesitated over releasing the album, causing controversy with her "graphic orgasm".[38] [39]

    In 1979, Polydor released her album of eight Greek folk songs entitled Odes, with electronic music performed (and partly composed) by Vangelis.[40] The lyrics were co-written by Arianna Stassinopoulos.[41] They collaborated again in 1986 for Rapsodies, an electronic rendition of seven Byzantine liturgy hymns, also on Polydor; Jonny Trunk wrote that there was "no doubting the power, fire and earthy delights of Papas' voice".[42]

    Politics

    In 1967, Papas, a lifelong liberal, called for a "cultural boycott" against the "Fourth Reich", meaning the military government of Greece at that time.[43] [44] Her opposition to the regime sent her, and other artists such as Mikis Theodorakis, whose songs she sang, into exile when the military junta came to power in Greece in 1967; she moved into temporary exile in Italy and New York.[45] [46] [44] When the junta fell in 1974, she returned to Greece, spending time both in Athens and in her family's village house in Chiliomodi as well as continuing to work in Rome.[44]

    Personal life

    In 1947, she married the film director Alkis Papas; they divorced in 1951.[47] In 1954, she met the actor Marlon Brando, and they had a long love affair, which they kept secret at the time. Fifty years later, when Brando died, she recalled that "I have never since loved a man as I loved Marlon. He was the great passion of my life, absolutely the man I cared about the most and also the one I esteemed most, two things that generally are difficult to reconcile".[48] Her second marriage was to the film producer José Kohn in 1957; that marriage was later annulled. She was the aunt of the film director Manousos Manousakis and the actor Aias Manthopoulos.[49] [50]

    In 2003 she served on the board of directors of the Anna-Marie Foundation, a fund which provided assistance to people in rural areas of Greece.[51] In 2013 she began to suffer from Alzheimer's disease.[52] Papas spent her final years in home care at her niece's house in Kifissia. She died there on 14 September 2022, at the age of 93.[2] [3] [4]

    Awards and distinctions

    She received the honours of Commander of the Order of the Phoenix in Greece, Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres in France, and Commander of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise in Spain.[61]

    In 2017, it was announced that the National Theatre of Greece's drama school would move to a new "Irene Papas – Athens School" on Agiou Konstantinou Street in Athens from 2018.[62]

    Discography

    Filmography

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Irene Pappas Asks Boycott Of Greece's 'Fourth Reich' . 16 September 2022 . . 20 July 1967.
    2. News: Greece's Irene Papas, Who Earned Hollywood Fame, Dies At 93 . 16 September 2022 . Bloomberg UK, using Associated Press . 14 September 2022 . She was 93. ... Papas publicly joked that she was often quoted as being three years older than her actual age. She started a 2004 interview with Greek state television by saying, “I was born on Sept. 3, 1929. All the papers are there in Chiliomodi,” which is located near the southern Greek city of Corinth..
    3. News: Zee . Michaela . Irene Papas, 'Zorba The Greek' and 'Z' Star, Dies at 93 . 16 September 2022 . Variety . 14 September 2022.
    4. News: Irene Papas, Greek Actress Who Earned Hollywood Fame, Dies at 93 . 16 September 2022 . The Hollywood Reporter . 14 September 2022.
    5. Book: Segrave . Kerry . The Continental Actress: European film stars of the postwar era – biographies, criticism, filmographies . Martin . Linda . 1990 . McFarland & Company. 9780899505107 . 92–97.
    6. Web site: Papas, Irene, nata Lelekou . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191026075654/http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/papas-irene-nata-lelekou_(Enciclopedia-Italiana) . 26 October 2019 . 27 August 2018 . Enciclopedia Italiana - V Appendice (1994).
    7. Web site: Irene Papas: The Greatest Greek Actress . Greek Gateway . 14 September 2022 . 4 August 2022.
    8. Web site: Irene Papas and Christopher Walken in the stage production Iphigenia in Aulis, Circle in the Square, 1968 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201029231218/https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/b0360416-6aba-3cb0-e040-e00a180607bd . 29 October 2020 . 7 March 2021 . New York Public Library.
    9. News: Barnes . Clive . 18 January 1973 . Stage: Circle Presents New 'Medea' . The New York Times . live . 27 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130948/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/01/18/archives/stage-circle-presents-new-medea-irene-papas-is-cast-as-murderous.html?_r=0 . 8 September 2018.
    10. Book: Hartigan, Karelisa . Greek Tragedy on the American Stage: Ancient Drama in the Commercial Theater, 1882-1994 . Greenwood Publishing Group . 1995 . 978-0-313-29283-5 . 53–55.
    11. Web site: Irene Papas . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025549/http://www.cinemagraphe.com/irene-papas.php . 2 March 2017 . 1 March 2017 . Cinemagraphe.
    12. Web site: ΒΙΟΓΡΑΦΊΕΣ ΘΈΑΤΡΟ - ΚΙΝΗΜΑΤΟΓΡΆΦΟΣ Ειρήνη Παπά . Theatre - Cinema Biography Irene Papas . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200701192601/https://www.sansimera.gr/biographies/2073 . 1 July 2020 . 1 July 2020 . Sansimera . el.
    13. News: Reed . Rex . 24 December 1967 . Irene Doesn't Believe in Irene . The New York Times . live . 5 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706014828/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/24/archives/irene-doesnt-believe-in-irene-why-irene-doesnt-believe-in-irene.html . 6 July 2022.
    14. Encyclopedia: Papas, Irene . Encyclopedia.com . 27 February 2017 . Kemp . Philip . https://web.archive.org/web/20170227233607/http://www.encyclopedia.com/movies/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/papas-irene . 27 February 2017 . live.
    15. Web site: Electra/ Elektra . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201028224025/https://greekfilmfestival.com.au/filmfestival06/sydney/films/electra.htm . 28 October 2020 . 8 September 2018 . The Sydney Greek Film Festival 2006.
    16. García . Alejandro Valverde . 1971 . A Greek Tragedy against the abuses of power: 'The Trojan Women' (1971) by Michael Cacoyannis . live . Modern Greek Studies . 19 . 325–343 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730222149/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/index.php/MGST/article/viewFile/14491/12916 . 30 July 2020 . 6 March 2021.
    17. Book: McDonald . Marianne . Classical Myth & Culture in the Cinema . Winkler . Martin M. . Oxford University Press . 2001 . 978-0-19-513004-1 . Martin M. Winkler . 72–89 . Michael Cacoyannis and Irene Papas on Greek Tragedy . https://books.google.com/books?id=f4vCQYhKCvcC&pg=PA72.
    18. News: Crowther . Bosley . Bosley Crowther . 23 June 1961 . Screen: A Robust Drama:'Guns of Navarone' Is at Two Theatres . The New York Times . live . 5 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201006054855/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/06/23/archives/screen-a-robust-dramaguns-of-navarone-is-at-two-theatres.html . 6 October 2020.
    19. Web site: Massie . Mike . 22 June 1961 . [Review] The Guns of Navarone (1961) ]. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201009115409/http://gonewiththetwins.com/new/guns-of-navarone-1961/ . 9 October 2020 . 5 March 2021 . Gone with the Twins.
    20. Web site: Miller . Andrew C. . 30 June 2019 . [Review] The Guns of Navarone ]. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220914114920/http://lecinemaparadiso.co.uk/review/the-guns-of-navarone . 14 September 2022 . 5 March 2021 . Le Cinema Paradiso.
    21. News: Crowther . Bosley . 18 December 1964 . Screen: 'Zorba, the Greek' Is at Sutton:Anthony Quinn Stars in Adaptation of Novel . The New York Times . live . 5 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210603193759/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/18/archives/screen-zorba-the-greek-is-at-suttonanthony-quinn-stars-in.html . 3 June 2021.
    22. Book: Karalis, Vrasidas . A History of Greek Cinema . Continuum . 2012 . 978-1441135001 . 98.
    23. Hunter . Jefferson . 2013 . DVD Chronicle . The Hopkins Review . 6 . 3 . 408–416 . 10.1353/thr.2013.0065 . 1939-9774 . 201770781.
    24. Book: Monaco, James . The Encyclopedia of Film . Perigee Books . 1991 . 978-0-399-51604-7 . 414 . registration.
    25. [Mark Cousins (filmmaker)|Cousins, Mark]
    26. Web site: Elley . Derek . 24 April 2001 . Review: 'Captain Corelli's Mandolin' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231755/http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/captain-corelli-s-mandolin-2-1200467693/ . 27 February 2017 . 27 February 2017 . Variety.
    27. Katsan . Gerasimus . 2016 . The Hollywood Films of Irene Papas . live . The Journal of Modern Hellenism . 32 . 31–44 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201026195917/https://journals.sfu.ca/jmh/index.php/jmh/article/viewFile/294/296 . 26 October 2020 . 6 March 2021.
    28. Book: Thomson, David . The New Biographical Dictionary Of Film . Little, Brown . 2010 . 978-0-7481-0850-3 . 5th . 304.
    29. Web site: Ebert . Roger . Roger Ebert . 13 July 1969 . Interview with Irene Papas . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170227232003/http://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/interview-with-irene-papas . 27 February 2017 . 27 February 2017.
    30. 1962 . Spencer Tracy . Look . 26 . 42 . long before production began, and asked 'Who is this broad Irene Papas?' Miss Papas was a Greek girl we had signed to star with him in the picture. He asked me about her height, and when I told him she was a big, rawboned 5 feet 10 inches, Tracy, who is about 5 feet 10, walked away..
    31. Book: Schuster, Mel . The Contemporary Greek Cinema . 1979 . Scarecrow Press . 9780810811966 . 256–258.
    32. Giofkou . Daphne . 2014 . [Review] 'Ancient Greek Women in Film', Konstantinos P. Nikoloutsos (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013 ]. The Kelvingrove Review . University of Glasgow . 13 . Article 2.
    33. Stam . Robert . 1984 . [Review] Erendira by Alain Queffelean, Ruy Guerra, Gabriel García Márquez . Cinéaste . 13 . 4 . 50–52 . 41692571.
    34. Book: Kourelou, Olga . Cinemas, Identities and Beyond . 2020 . Cambridge Scholars Publishing . 978-1-5275-5667-6 . D. H. Fleming . 212–226 . 'A True Goddess': Irene Papas and the Representation of Greekness . Cheung Ruby . https://books.google.com/books?id=qLzxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA212.
    35. Web site: 1973 . Ferdinando Scianna - IRENE PAPAS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180910131836/https://pro.magnumphotos.com/Catalogue/Ferdinando-Scianna/1973/IRENE-PAPAS-NN135658.html . 10 September 2018 . 10 September 2018 . Magnum Photos.
    36. Web site: Irene Pappas Sings Mikis Theodorakis . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190107233426/http://fmrecords.net/irene-pappas-sings-mikis-theodorakis/ . 7 January 2019 . 7 January 2019 . FM Records.
    37. Web site: Irene Pappas sings Mikis Theodorakis . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131028075102/http://boutique.info-grece.com/papas-irene-pappas-sings-mikis-theodorakis-p-6804.html . 28 October 2013 . 8 September 2018 . Info-Greece.
    38. Web site: Dome . Malcolm . 27 January 2015 . Malcolm Dome looks back on the impact of Aphrodite's Child's mythic prog masterpiece . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170228080751/http://teamrock.com/feature/2015-01-27/666-a-reappraisal . 28 February 2017 . 27 February 2017 . The band's label, Mercury, were certainly left bemused. In fact, they were so horrified by the scope and challenge of the double album that they initially refused to release it. In particular, Papas' graphic orgasm during Infinity struck the wrong chord with them. Eventually, the company relented and agreed to put it out on their Vertigo imprint..
    39. Henshaw . Laurie . 19 August 1972 . The Greeks have a word for it . live . Melody Maker . https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190327/http://elsew.com/data/mema72.htm . 9 July 2021 . 27 February 2017.
    40. Web site: Trunk . Jonny . Vangelis & Irene Papas - Odoes [sic] ]. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180913040057/https://recordcollectormag.com/reviews/odoes . 13 September 2018 . 26 June 2020 . Record Collector magazine.
    41. Web site: Vangelis and Irene Papas lyrics - Odes lyrics (English translation) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200629201839/https://www.vangelislyrics.com/vangelis-lyrics-collaborations/vangelis-and-irene-papas-odes-english-translation-lyrics.htm . 29 June 2020 . 26 June 2020 . Lyrics of Music by Vangelis . (Greek) Lyrics: Irene Papas and Arianna Stassinopoulos..
    42. Web site: Trunk . Jonny . November 2007 . Vangelis & Irene Papas - Rapsodies . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161001174723/https://recordcollectormag.com/reviews/rhapsodies . 1 October 2016 . 26 June 2020 . Record Collector magazine . 342.
    43. News: 20 July 1967 . Irene Pappas Asks Boycott Of Greece's 'Fourth Reich' . The New York Times . live . 27 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170227233218/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9901EED91E3CE731A25753C2A9619C946691D6CF&legacy=true . 27 February 2017.
    44. Web site: Hope . Kerin . 14 July 1986 . Irene Papas Wants to Direct Shakespeare . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220705191917/https://apnews.com/article/c5d2720fafc2e2aed281eab5d2dc1abb . 5 July 2022 . 5 March 2021 . Associated Press.
    45. Web site: 1 November 2001 . Irene Papas: Das Porträt . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202321/https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/7355.irene-papas.html . 8 September 2018 . 8 September 2018 . Neues Deutschland: Sozialistische Tageszeitung . de.
    46. Loutzaki . Irene . 2001 . Folk Dance in Political Rhythms . Yearbook for Traditional Music . 33 . 127–137 . 10.2307/1519637 . 1519637. 156081242 .
    47. Encyclopedia: 2000 . Papas, Irene . St. James Press . Kemp . Philip . Pendergast . Tom . 948–949 . 978-1-55862-452-8 . 44818539 . Pendergast . Sara . International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers.
    48. Web site: Williams . Steven . 7 July 2004 . Irene Papas Comes Forward About A Love Affair With The Late Marlon Brando . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145418/http://www.contactmusic.com/marlon-brando/news/greek-actress-papas.-i-was-brando.s-secret-lover . 7 November 2018 . 10 September 2018 . Contact Music.
    49. Web site: 2016 . Cloudy Sunday . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170309151552/http://nysephardifilmfestival.org/film/cloudy-sunday/ . 9 March 2017 . 26 June 2020 . NY Sephardic Film Festival.
    50. News: Gates . Anita . 14 September 2022 . Irene Papas, Actress in 'Zorba the Greek' and Greek Tragedies, Dies at 96 . The New York Times . live . 14 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220914095005/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/obituaries/irene-papas-dead.html . 14 September 2022.
    51. http://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/en/press/interviews/426-o-vasilefs-konstantinos-kai-i-vasilissa-anna-maria-kalesan-ton-typo-stis-28-avgoustou-gia-an-tous-animerosoun-gia-tis-eksalikseis-pou-afosorun-sto-idrima-anna-maria-.html "Press Conference on the developments regarding the 'Anna-Maria' Foundation"
    52. Web site: 9 July 2018 . Irene Papas: Her niece reveals all the truth about her state of health . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207144046/https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=el&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.altsantiri.gr%2Flifestyle%2Feirini-pappa-i-anipsia-tis-apokalyptei-oli-tin-alitheia-gia-tin-katastasi-tis-ygeias-tis%2F&prev=search . 7 December 2019 . 20 September 2018 . Altsantiri.
    53. Book: Sloan, Jane . Reel Women: An International Directory of Contemporary Feature Films about Women . Scarecrow Press . 2007 . 978-1-4616-7082-7 . 99.
    54. Book: Tzavalas, Trifon . Greek Cinema Volume 1 100 Years of Film History 1900-2000 . 2012 . Hellenic University Club of Southern California . 978-1-938385-11-7 . 196 . Irene Pappas received the Best Performance Award. . 26 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201025213311/http://www.huc.org/Publications/Greek%20Cinema%20Volume%201%20100%20Years%20of%20Film%20History%201900-2000%20080112.pdf . 25 October 2020 . live.
    55. Web site: awards 1962 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150929002023/http://tiff.filmfestival.gr/default.aspx?lang=el-GR&page=971&year=1962 . 29 September 2015 . 20 August 2015 . Thessaloniki Film Festival.
    56. Web site: Awards for 1971 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20040316084306/http://www.nbrmp.org/awards/past.cfm?year=1971 . 16 March 2004 . 8 March 2017 . National Board of Review.
    57. Web site: Nolfi . Joey . 5 July 2017 . Annette Bening named Venice Film Festival jury president, ending 10-year male streak . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126002404/https://ew.com/movies/2017/07/05/annette-bening-2017-venice-film-festival-jury-president/ . 26 January 2021 . 7 March 2021 . Entertainment Weekly.
    58. News: 25 October 1993 . Awards at Hamptons Film Festival . The New York Times . live . 6 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022719/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/25/movies/awards-at-hamptons-film-festival.html . 7 March 2018.
    59. Web site: FLAIANO INTERNATIONAL AWARDS WINNERS 1993: Flaiano Awards of Theatre . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210909155703/https://www.premiflaiano.com/421/1993.html . 9 September 2021 . 7 March 2021 . Premi Flaiano . Honorary Award to career achievements: Irene Papas.
    60. News: 20 February 2009 . Irene Papas Leone d' oro alla carriera . it . La Repubblica . live . 6 March 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180307082415/http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2009/02/20/irene-papas-leone-oro-alla-carriera.html . 7 March 2018 . Noi italiani la ricordiamo ancora come la bella Penelope dell' Odissea tv (anno 1969): Irene Papas la grande attrice greca, riceve alle 18 il Leone d' oro alla carriera del Festival Internazionale del Teatro della Biennale di Venezia diretto da Maurizio Scaparro dedicato al Mediterraneo che si apre oggi. L' attrice interpreterà "Medea", nell' originale di Euripide e nella riscrittura di Corrado Alvaro..
    61. Web site: 2015 . Irene Papas . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164532/http://www.whoswho.de/bio/irene-papas.html . 10 September 2018 . 10 September 2018 . Who's Who . de.
    62. Web site: 2017 . Relocation of the Drama School to the "Irene Papas – Athens School" National Theatre of Greece . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180920235019/http://www.latsis-foundation.org/eng/education-science-culture/culture/grants/all/2017/relocation-of-the-drama-school-to-the-ldquoirene-papas-athens-schoolrdquo . 20 September 2018 . 20 September 2018 . Latsis Foundation.
    63. Songs of Theodorakis . 1968 . Papas . Irene . LP . RCA Victor (FPM-215 and FSP-215).
    64. Odes . 2007 . Papas . Irene . CD . Polydor (06025 1720633 5) . Vocals – Irene Papas . Vangelis . Vangelis.
    65. Web site: Irene Papas . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025549/http://www.cinemagraphe.com/irene-papas.php . 2 March 2017 . 1 March 2017 . Cinemagraphe.
    66. Book: Bosisio, Paolo . "Ho pensato a voi scrivendo Gigliola--", Teresa Franchini, un'attrice per D'Annunzio . Bulzoni . 2000 . 978-88-8319-529-7 . 298.
    67. Book: Ρούβας . Άγγελος . Ελληνικος κινηματογραφος, 1905-1970 . Σταθακοπουλος . Χρηστος . Ελληνικα Γραμματα . 2005 . 978-960-406-777-0 . 203 . el.
    68. Web site: Ecce Homo – I sopravvissuti . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002457/https://www.filmtv.it/film/30072/ecce-homo-i-sopravvissuti/ . 31 August 2018 . 30 August 2018 . FilmTV.it.
    69. Book: Lancia . Enrico . Le straniere del nostro cinema . Melelli . Fabio . Gremese Editore . 2005 . 978-88-8440-350-6 . 122–123.
    70. Web site: N.P. Il Segreto (1970) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210204/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b74e7a4f9 . 30 August 2018 . 30 August 2018 . British Film Institute.
    71. Web site: Sutjeska (Battle of Sutjeska) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200702211058/https://www.filmmuseum.at/en/film_program/calendar/production?veranstaltungen_id=1570153815205 . 2 July 2020 . 1 July 2020 . Film Museum (Austria).
    72. Web site: Blood Wedding . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121002022218/http://mubi.com/films/blood-wedding--2 . 2 October 2012 . 11 October 2012 . mubi.
    73. Web site: Un' Ombra Nell'Ombra (1979) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210156/https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b750142fb . 30 August 2018 . 30 August 2018 . British Film Institute.
    74. Book: Anklewicz, Larry . Guide to Jewish Films on Video . KTAV Publishing . 2000 . 978-0-88125-605-5 . 2002.
    75. Book: Maltin, Leonard . Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide . 2 September 2014 . Penguin Publishing Group . 978-0-698-18361-2 . 2300.
    76. Book: The Film Journal, Volume 92, Issues 1-6 . Pubsun Corporation . 1989 . 6.
    77. Book: Sloan, Jane . Reel Women, An International Directory of Contemporary Feature Films about Women . Scarecrow Press . 2007 . 978-1-4616-7082-7 . 138.
    78. Book: Maltin, Leonard . Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide . Penguin . 2014 . 978-0-698-18361-2 . 1058.
    79. News: Benson . Sheila . Movie Review, Stuck on an 'Island' With Thin Script . Los Angeles Times. live . 1 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200701093130/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-08-ca-2714-story.html . 1 July 2020 . The island's permanent resident is Greek-born painter Marquise (Irene Papas), fierce, opinionated, life-embracing--the quintessential Papas character..
    80. Web site: A Talking Picture . 4 September 2003 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002457/https://variety.com/2003/film/awards/a-talking-picture-1200539587/ . 31 August 2018 . 30 August 2018 . Variety.

    This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Irene Papas".

    Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.