Ipswich, Queensland Explained

Type:city
Ipswich
State:qld
Coordinates:-27.6144°N 152.7608°W
Pop:115,913
Pop Year:2021
Established:1827
Postcode:4305
Elevation:50
Timezone:AEST
Utc:+10:00
Dist1:42.7
Dir1:SW
Location1:Brisbane CBD
Lga:City of Ipswich
Region:South East Queensland
Stategov:Ipswich
Stategov2:Ipswich West
Stategov3:Bundamba
Stategov4:Lockyer
Fedgov:Blair
Fedgov2:Oxley
Fedgov3:Wright

Ipswich is a regional city[1] in South East Queensland, Australia. Situated on the Bremer River, it is approximately 40 km (25 mi) west of the Brisbane central business district. Ipswich is renowned for its architectural, natural and cultural heritage, and the city preserves and operates from many of its historical buildings, with more than 6000 heritage-listed sites and over 500 parks.[2] Ipswich was founded in 1827 as a mining settlement, and soon developed into a major commercial and population centre.[3] [4] The suburb of the same name serves as the city’s central business district[5] . In the, the population of the urban area of Ipswich was 115,913 people.

History

Early history

Ipswich was tribally known as Coodjirar in the Yugararpul language.[6]

Known as the Ugarapul and Yuggerabul people are Australian Aboriginal languages of South-East Queensland.Ipswich City Council, Lockyer Regional Council and the Somerset Regional Council.[7] [8] The languages of Greater Brisbane are related – there is uncertainty over which dialects belong to which language.The Yugarabul language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Brisbane City Council, Ipswich City Council and the Scenic Rim Regional Council.[9]

Prior to the arrival of European settlers, what is now called Ipswich was home to many indigenous language groups, including the Warpai tribe,[10] Yuggera and Ugarapul Indigenous Australian groups.[11] The area was first explored by European colonists in 1826, when Captain Patrick Logan, Commandant of the Moreton Bay penal colony, sailed up the Brisbane River and discovered large deposits of limestone and other minerals.[12]

Settlement

The town began in 1827 as a limestone mining settlement and grew rapidly as a major inland port. Ipswich was initially named "The Limestone Hills" and later shortened to "Limestone", however in 1843 it was renamed after the town of Ipswich in England.[13] The population was 932 in 1851 and had risen to 2459 by 1856.[14] It became a municipality in 1858. Ipswich had been a prime candidate for becoming the capital of Queensland from about 1847 when the Rev. John Dunmore Lang had toured both Ipswich and Brisbane, and noted the strength of Ipswich as a port town with access to the wool suppliers of the Darling Downs, but Brisbane was instead chosen due to its mercantile and colonial interests.[15] [16] Brisbane was declared the capital of the new Crown Colony of Queensland in 1859. It was proclaimed a city in 1904.[17]

The city became a major coal-mining area in the early 19th Century, contributing to the development of railways in the region as a means of transport. The first recorded coal mines in the central Ipswich area started at Woodend in 1848.[18] Triassic aged dinosaur footprints were found in underground coal mines in the vicinity of the suburbs of Ebbw Vale and New Chum[19] while large numbers of Jurassic aged dinosaur footprints have been reported from the suburb of Rosewood.[20] From the 1840s onward, Ipswich was becoming an important river port for growing local industries such as coal and wool from the Darling Downs and a regular paddlesteamer service from Brisbane Town, The Experiment, was established in 1846.[21] This, and other steamer services,[22] remained the primary form of mass/bulk transport between the two cities until 1876, when the construction of the original Albert Bridge, spanning the Brisbane River at Indooroopilly, completed the railway line begun between Ipswich and Brisbane in 1873.[23]

Ipswich was proclaimed a municipality on 3 March 1860 and became a city in 1904. [24]

On 26 May 1872, a Primitive Methodist Church opened in East Street.[25] [26] [27]

By April 1873 there were numerous churches in Ipswich: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Primitive Methodist, German Lutheran, and Wesleyan Methodist.[28]

A United Methodist Free Church opened in Brisbane Street in July 1873, having relocated from the "comparative obscurity" of North Ipswich.[29]

In March 1888, 239 allotments of the "Liverpool Estate" were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock in conjunction with Arthur Martin & Co.[30] A map advertising the auction shows the proximity of the estate to the railway workshops and the Bremer River.[31] In June 1911, 26 building sites of "East Ipswich Station Estate" were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons.[32] A map advertising the auction shows the location of the estate in proximity to the railway line.[33] In 1914, 65 garden allotments were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons. The area was called the "Orangefield Estate". It was formerly an orchard of James Alexander Jackes, and the real estate map advertised that the estate was well stocked with fruit trees.[34] [35] [36] It was reported in the Queensland Times that 20 allotments were sold. This article also listed the buyers.[37] Unsold allotments were advertised in the Queensland Times.[38]

In 1922, 12 allotments were advertised in the Queensland Times to be auctioned by Bacon & Co. Auctioneers in conjunction with H. J. Hargreaves & Co.[39] The area was called the "Whitehill Road Estate". A map advertising the auction shows the estate is across the road from the intersection of Whitehill Road and Griffith Road.[40] Both street names are still in use. By July 1922 the Queensland Times advertised that only six allotments were left.[41]

In October 1925, several allotments in the "Fiveways Estate" at East Ipswich were advertised to be auctioned by Jackson & Meyers in conjunction with Bacon & Co.[42] A map advertising the auction states that the lots were ideal for residential sites, convenient to the East Ipswich Railway Station and water, gas and electric light was available.[43]

In 1928, 211 allotments were advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons and W. B. Parkinson. The area was called the "Cribb Estate" and on the estate map it was noted that it was on the eastern slopes of Limestone Hill.[44] The auction was advertised in the Queensland Times[45] [46] and it was also noted in the notes of the Council Meeting published in the Queensland Times that approval had been granted to gravel new roads in the estate before it was sold.[47] It was reported in the Queensland Times that 40 allotments sold on the day of auction and some of the buyers were listed.[48] By the end of 1928 it was reported in the Queensland Times that another 20 allotments had been sold.[49]

In 1930, the Abermain Estate, Tivoli, was advertised to be auctioned by E. Bostock & Sons.[50] The estate map noted that the area comprised the Abermain Colliery containing 1295 acres and farms.[51] It was reported in the Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs Gazette, and The Brisbane Courier, that there was no bid for the coal mine but some farms had sold on the day of auction and some of the buyers were listed.[52] [53] It was also reported later in the Brisbane Courier of further items sold.[54]

Royal visits

Several members of the British Royal Family have visited Ipswich.

1868 – Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh[55]

1920 – Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII)[56] [57]

1927 – Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth)[58]

1958 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother[59]

1962 – Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone

2011 – Prince William (later Duke of Cambridge)[60]

2014 – Duke and Duchess of Cambridge[61]

Floods

Damaging floods have occurred on numerous occasions in Ipswich, the largest being the 1893 Brisbane flood peaking at, and more recently during the 1974 Brisbane Flood, (peaking at) and 2010–11 Queensland floods (peaking at) on 12 January 2011.

1893

Around 35 people died in the floods in the 1893 Brisbane flood. The Brisbane River burst its banks on three occasions in February of that year and a fourth event several months later. Seven workers were killed at a colliery in north Ipswich as the Bremer River broke its banks.[62]

1974

Fourteen people died in flooding in January 1974, during the Australia Day weekend. Two people were killed in Ipswich.[63] About 1,800 residential and commercial premises in Ipswich were flooded.[64]

2011

The Bremer River at Ipswich reached a height of on 12 January, inundating the central business district and thousands of houses. 38 people died as a result of the floods. At Minden, on the border of Ipswich City, a four-year-old boy was swept away by floodwaters when he fell from a rescue boat.[65] A man in his fifties died when he accidentally drove into floodwaters in the Ipswich suburb of Wulkuraka.[66]

The worst affected areas of Ipswich were the suburbs of Goodna and Gailes.[67] The flooding allowed bull sharks to reach the centre of Goodna; one was spotted swimming in Williams Street, and a second in Queen Street.[67]

A multibillion-dollar class action lawsuit is underway against dam operators Seqwater, SunWater and the State of Queensland. Law firm Maurice Blackburn have lodged the suit on behalf of 5,500 Ipswich and Brisbane residents who lost their homes or businesses during the floods.[68] Modelling released in 2013 claimed flooding of Ipswich CBD would not have been as extreme if Wivenhoe Dam operators had operated the dam correctly.[69]

Community facilities and groups

The Ipswich Central Library building opened in 1994.[70]

The Ipswich Historical Society was established in 1966 and is located at Cooneana Heritage Centre, 11041 Redbank Plains Rd, New Chum, Ipswich.[71]

The Ipswich branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 84 Limestone Street (Liberty Hall).[72]

Climate

Ipswich experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters.

Demographics

In the, the population of Inner Ipswich (which encompasses the urban area of Ipswich) was 115,913 people.

Economy

Ipswich was a major mining centre, particularly coal mining. The city is the 'cradle of coal mining in Queensland'.[73] Other secondary manufacturing industries included earthenware works, sawmills, abattoirs and foundries, while the region is also rich agriculturally.Ipswich remains a strong manufacturing region, with more than 14% of workers employed in the manufacturing industry, compared to just 7.6% for regional Queensland.[74]

Extensive growth is predicted in Ipswich and the Western Corridor region in years to come, the economy is projected to be worth $12.7 billion by 2026.[75] Global giant General Electric moved its Queensland headquarters into a $72 million building in Springfield in 2015.[76]

Ipswich is the site of RAAF Base Amberley, the Royal Australian Air Force's largest operational base. It is currently home to No. 1 Squadron and No. 6 Squadron (operating the F/A-18F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler), No. 33 Squadron (operating the Airbus KC-30A) and No. 36 Squadron (operating the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III jet transport). In addition, a number of ground support units are located at Amberley.

Film production

In recent years, Ipswich has become a sought-after filming location. The 2013 movie The Railway Man was filmed around the city's railyards.[77] Other major films, including San Andreas starring Dwayne Johnson, and Inspector Gadget 2 were filmed around the city. Several Australian films have also used Ipswich for shooting locations, including the 2016 movie Don't Tell[78] and Savages Crossing, The Settlement, The Tree, Mystery Road, 500 Miles and telemovies, Parer's War[79] and Mabo.[80] Australian TV legal drama Rise was also filmed at Borallon Correctional Centre.[81]

Housing

Ipswich is recognised for its important collection of historic buildings. Historic house types range from Early Colonial/Victorian (1850 onwards) to Queensland Bungalow (until 1935), with the city showcasing many markers and plaques outside heritage and historical locations.

The traditional Ipswich dwelling has always been a detached home on land, and is frequently portrayed in the paintings of d'Arcy Doyle, however this is changing as modern housing developments increase. The city is the fastest-growing area in South East Queensland (SEQ).[82]

Two major developments, underway at Springfield and Ripley, will be central to housing this growth. The multibillion-dollar Greater Springfield development was awarded World's Best Master Planned Community 2010 and is designed to grow to an ultimate population of 85,000, with a projection of 105,000 total residents living in the area by 2030. Greater Springfield is positioned as the gateway to the western corridor of the south-east. At 2,860 hectares it is the largest master planned city in Australia.[83]

The Ripley Valley Development is master planned to be a model community for a projected population of 120,000 people.[84]

Infrastructure

Technology

In March 2016, Ipswich's digital innovation and startup hub, Fire Station 101, was officially launched. Owned by Ipswich City Developments and operated by Ipswich City Enterprises, Fire Station 101 willposition the region as a leader of the digital economy. More than fifteen members had signed up prior to the opening.In 2015, Ipswich was named in the world's Top 7 most Intelligent Communities by the Intelligent Community Forum (ICF) in New York.[85] [86]

Education

Ipswich is home to dozens of primary and secondary schools, including Ipswich Grammar School, which was the first high school in Queensland (established in 1863). Tertiary education facilities include University of Southern Queensland, which has campuses at Springfield and Ipswich. TAFE Queensland South West has a campus at Bundamba and another in Springfield.

Safety

Ipswich is home to the "Safe City" camera network, which commenced in 1994. More than 200 cameras are monitored all-hours from a facility situated within the CBD.[87]

The Ipswich City Council Safe City Monitoring Facility has hosted representatives of law enforcement agencies from the Netherlands, Taiwan, Great Britain and approximately twenty-five local authorities from across Australia to inspect the closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera monitoring system.[88]

Health

Ipswich Hospital is the major public hospital.[89] St Andrew's Private Hospital and Mater Private Hospital Springfield are local private hospitals.

Transport

Ipswich has direct access to the Ipswich Motorway (linking to Brisbane); the Cunningham Highway (linking to Warwick); the Warrego Highway (linking to Toowoomba); the Logan Motorway and its connection to the Pacific Motorway (linking to Logan and the Gold Coast); and the Centenary Highway (linking Springfield and the Ripley Valley to Brisbane).

Ipswich railway station is a major hub for rail transport. The electrified rail line that extends east from Ipswich through Brisbane's western suburbs to the Brisbane CBD is known as the Ipswich Line. The Rosewood railway line, part of the first railway in Queensland, is also electrified and extends west through Ipswich's western suburbs to the town of Rosewood. Both lines are operated by Queensland Rail.

Facilities

Ipswich has more than 500 parks and conservation estates, including Nerima Gardens, which was designed in consultation with Ipswich's Japanese sister city, Nerima. In 2015, Orion Lagoon opened in Springfield Central.

Brookwater hosts the Brookwater Golf and Country Club. The par 72 golf course, designed by Greg Norman, measures 6,505 metres and has been voted as Queensland's number one golf course in Golf Australia magazine's best 50 courses.

The Ipswich Council operates a public library and a separate children's library in the $250 million Nicolas Street Precinct 2017 upgrade located in the heart of the Ipswich CBD.[90]

Sport

Ipswich has had a number of sporting successes at a state and national level. In 2022 the Brisbane Lions, one of just two Queensland clubs playing in the national Australian Football League (AFL) competition moved its headquarters to its new purpose-built Springfield Central Stadium, the stadium is now the home ground for the club's women's side playing in the AFLW, which played its first match in the a sell out AFLW Grand Final,[91] the highest level of women's competition. In 2015, the local rugby league club, Ipswich Jets, won their maiden Intrust Super Cup title and took the NRL State Championship.[92] The win fuelled interest in a Western Corridor NRL bid.

Events

Ipswich Show

The first Ipswich Annual Show was held on 2 April 1873 by the Queensland Pastoral and Agricultural Society. There had been shows staged by the Ipswich and West Moreton Horticultural and Agricultural Society as early as 1868. Originally held at the sale yards situated at Lobb St, Churchill, the show moved to its present home at the Ipswich Showgrounds in 1877.

Goodna Jacaranda Festival

This festival has been held annually at Goodna (Evan Marginson Sportsground) since 1968.[96]

Ipswich Festival

The Ipswich Festival is an annual multi-disciplinary festival. First staged in 1998, the program for the Ipswich Festival includes live bands, concerts, art exhibits, fireworks, theatre, jazz, multicultural celebrations, interactive displays and a range of family-based events to encourage participation by all age groups whilst attracting day tourism to the region.

The Ipswich Festival runs for two weeks at the end of April and beginning of May with the majority of events free.[97]

Winternationals

The Fuchs Winternationals is an annual event, typically held around June at Willowbank Raceway, part of the Ipswich Motorsport Precinct. The four-day event is one of the largest drag racing festivals in the southern hemisphere and has drawn crowds of more than 40,000 people in previous years.[98]

Notable people

Sportspeople

Entertainment, media and the arts

Politics and the law

Other

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: n.d. . About Ipswich (Explore) . live . 12 July 2024 . City of Ipswich (Ipswich City Council).
  2. Web site: About Ipswich. 4 March 2014. Ipswich City Council. 25 August 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160828161901/http://www.ipswich.qld.gov.au/about_ipswich. 28 August 2016. dmy-all.
  3. Web site: Ipswich History Time Line. Ipswich City Council. https://web.archive.org/web/20171026052717/http://www.ipswich.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/20229/historical_time_line.pdf. 26 October 2017. live. 26 October 2017.
  4. Web site: Ipswich. Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. 26 October 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053022/http://queenslandplaces.com.au/ipswich. 26 October 2017. dmy-all.
  5. Web site: n.d. . Ipswich . live . 12 July 2024 . Picture Ipswich.
  6. News: 18 January 1934 . ABORIGINAL LANGUAGE . 1 April 2024 . . Queensland, Australia . 13 . National Library of Australia . 19 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240519060759/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/blank . live .
  7. Jagara. Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. 23 January 2020.
  8. Yuggera. Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. 28 January 2020.
  9. Yugarabul. Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. 28 January 2020.
  10. Tom Petrie's Reminiscences of Early Queensland. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press. 1992. p. 102. .
  11. Web site: Proud Past . Ipswich 150 . 3 September 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110706105041/http://www.ipswich150.com.au/proud_past/ . 6 July 2011 .
  12. News: 17 August 1827 . Shipping Entelligence. . Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser . 23 July 2022 . 5 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220205060542/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2188791 . live .
  13. 28 August 2015.
  14. Web site: Knight. J.J.. Brisbane: a historical sketch of the capital of Queensland, giving an outline of old-time events, with a description of Brisbane of the present day, and a municipal retrospect. Biggs & Morcom. 24. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111108/http://www.textqueensland.com.au/item/book/0136505eaa51dbcc3c0c68770bef1ef4. 26 October 2017.
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  20. Romilio. Anthony. Salisbury. Steven W.. Jannel. Andréas. 3 October 2021. Footprints of large theropod dinosaurs in the Middle–UpperJurassic (lower Callovian–lower Tithonian) Walloon Coal Measures of southern Queensland, Australia. Historical Biology. 33. 10. 2135–2146. 10.1080/08912963.2020.1772252. 225692077. 0891-2963.
  21. The Steamer "Experiment" – The Moreton Bay Courier – 20 June 1846
  22. Web site: Ipswich City Council – Heritage Education Kit – Transport. 3 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20120225124358/http://www.ipswich.qld.gov.au/documents/heritage/education_kit_transport.pdf. 25 February 2012.
  23. Web site: Queensland Rail – Queensland's First Railway. 3 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20090929210335/http://www.history.qr.com.au/stories/. 29 September 2009.
  24. Web site: Archived copy . 5 March 2024 . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324101614/https://www.pictureipswich.com.au/nodes/view/9992 . live .
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  27. News: 11 June 1872. RELIGIOUS.. XI. 3. Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. 1566. National Library of Australia. 17 September 2021. 27 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220527021654/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/123619945. live.
  28. News: 19 April 1873. IPSWICH.. XXVII. 5. The Brisbane Courier. 4,853. National Library of Australia. 17 September 2021.
  29. News: 17 July 1873. TEA-MEETING.. XII. 3. Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. 1737. National Library of Australia. 17 September 2021.
  30. News: Advertising. 8 March 1888. Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. 20 July 2019. 4014. XXVIII. 2. National Library of Australia.
  31. Liverpool Estate . Map . 1888 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE424062.
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  33. East Ipswich Station Estate . Map . 1911 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE424068.
  34. Orangefield Estate the garden of Ipswich . Map . 1914 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE424098.
  35. News: ORANGEFIELD ESTATE.. 25 July 1914. Queensland Times. 30 July 2019. 9071. LVI. 2 (Daily). National Library of Australia.
  36. News: Advertising. 3 October 1914. Queensland Times. 30 July 2019. 91[?]0. LVI. 16 (Daily). National Library of Australia.
  37. News: SALE OF ORANGEFIELD ESTATE.. 7 November 1914. Queensland Times. 30 July 2019. 9149. LVI. 2 (Daily). National Library of Australia.
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  39. News: Advertising. 8 April 1922. Queensland Times. 28 August 2019. 11,159. LXIII. 12 (DAILy.). National Library of Australia. 27 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220527021654/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110010108. live.
  40. Whitehill Road Estate Ipswich . Map . 1922 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE424119.
  41. News: Advertising. 15 July 1922. Queensland Times. 28 August 2019. 11,243. LXIV. 10 (DAILY.). National Library of Australia.
  42. News: Advertising. 17 October 1925. Queensland Times. 20 July 2019. 12,250. LXVI. 16 (DAILY.). National Library of Australia.
  43. Fiveways Estate East Ipswich . Map . 1925 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE424065.
  44. Cribb Estate on the eastern slope of Limestone Hill, Ipswich . Map . c. 1928 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE428898.
  45. News: Advertising. 1 September 1928. Queensland Times. 30 July 2019. 13,240. LXIX. 16 (DAILY.). National Library of Australia. 23 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220723071348/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/114417022. live.
  46. News: Advertising. 20 October 1928. Queensland Times. 30 July 2019. 13,282. LXIX. 16 (DAILY.). National Library of Australia. 23 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220723071346/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/115333003. live.
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  51. Abermain Estate, Tivoli, Ipswich . Map . 1930 . Collections . State Library of Queensland . https://collections.slq.qld.gov.au/viewer/IE424113.
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  54. News: COUNTRY NEWS. IPSWICH.. 28 October 1930. The Brisbane Courier. 27 August 2019. 22,698. 16. National Library of Australia. 27 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220527022014/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/21598513. live.
  55. News: ADDRESSES TO PRINCE ALFRED.. 24 March 1868. Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald And General Advertiser. 907. VII. 3. National Library of Australia. 27 January 2017. 27 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220527022014/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/123354331. live.
  56. Web site: Ipswich's Royal Timeline. 19 June 2012. Ipswich City Council. 27 January 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170404151847/http://blog.library.ipswich.qld.gov.au/lh/2012/06/19/ipswichs-royal-timeline/. 4 April 2017.
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