Iowa Cubs Explained

Iowa Cubs
Founded:	1969
City:	Des Moines, Iowa
Uniformlogo:	IowaCubsCap.png
Class Level:	Triple-A (1969–present)
Current League:	International League (2021–present)
Division:	West Division
Majorleague:	Chicago Cubs (1981–present)
Leaguenum:	1
Leaguechamps:	1993
Confnum:	1
Conferencechamps:	2004
Divnum:	8
Nickname:	Iowa Cubs (1982–present)
Pastnames:	Iowa Oaks (1969–1981)
Colors:	Blue, red, white
Mascot:	Cubbie Bear
Ballpark:	Principal Park (1992–present)
Pastparks:	Sec Taylor Stadium (1969–1991)
Owner:	Diamond Baseball Holdings^[1]
Gm:	Sam Bernabe
Manager:	Marty Pevey

The Iowa Cubs are a Minor League Baseball team of the International League and the Triple-A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs. They are located in Des Moines, Iowa, and are named for their Major League Baseball (MLB) affiliate. The Cubs have played their home games at Principal Park since 1992, replacing Sec Taylor Stadium which the Cubs used from 1969 to 1991.

The club was established as the Iowa Oaks of the Triple-A American Association in 1969. Iowa took on the Cubs moniker in 1982. They joined the Triple-A Pacific Coast League in 1998 following the dissolution of the American Association after the 1997 season. In conjunction with MLB's reorganization of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Cubs were shifted to the Triple-A East, which was renamed the International League in 2022.

The only league title in franchise history is the 1993 American Association championship.

History

American Association (1969–1997)

Triple-A Minor League Baseball came to Iowa's capital city in 1969, as the Iowa Oaks of the American Association (AA) began play as an affiliate of the Oakland Athletics.^[2] They played their home games at Sec Taylor Stadium, which opened in 1947 and was located at the confluence of the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers.^[3] Many future Major League Baseball stars such as sluggers Bill McNulty, Hall of Famer Harold Baines, Pat Tabler, and 1971 Cy Young and MVP Award winning left-handed pitcher Vida Blue spent time with the Oaks. Both Bucky Dent and future Hall-of-Famer Goose Gossage played for the Oaks early in their careers.^[4] The A's farm club experienced winning seasons in 1970 and 1971, but third and second-place finishes kept them out of the playoffs.^{[5] [6]}

The Oaks became the top affiliate of the Chicago White Sox in 1973. They won the East Division that season with an 83–53 record, earning a spot in the best-of-seven American Association championship playoffs,^[7] but they were defeated by the Tulsa Oilers, 4–3.^[8] Manager Joe Sparks won the American Association Manager of the Year Award.^[9] Oaks pitchers tossed two no-hitters in 1974, both in away games. The first was pitched by Joe Henderson against the Wichita Aeros on July 31.^[10] The second occurred on August 25 when Butch Stinson no-hit the Indianapolis Indians.^[10]

After one season as the Houston Astros' Triple-A club in 1975, Iowa returned to the White Sox organization in 1976. Despite a number of winning seasons, they failed to qualify for the postseason during the five years of their second affiliation with Chicago. On September 1, 1977, Chris Knapp and Fred Howard combined to no-hit the Omaha Royals.^[10] On May 26, 1978, Jack Kucek tossed a no-hitter at Sec Taylor Stadium against the Oklahoma City 89ers.^[10] The franchise was awarded the 1978 John H. Johnson President's Award, recognizing them as the "complete baseball franchise—based on franchise stability, contributions to league stability, contributions to baseball in the community, and promotion of the baseball industry."^[11] Former St. Louis Cardinals manager Tony La Russa managed the Iowa Oaks in 1979 prior to becoming manager of the White Sox. Pitcher Dewey Robinson was selected for the 1979 American Association Most Valuable Pitcher Award after achieving a record of 13–7 and 9 saves with a 2.93 earned run average (ERA) and 76 strikeouts.^{[9] [12]}

In 1981, the team affiliated with the Chicago Cubs. After a final season as the Oaks, they adopted the nickname of their parent team in 1982 becoming the Iowa Cubs. The name is often shortened to "I-Cubs" to avoid confusion with the major league team. Iowa teams of the 1980s often finished high in the standings but were unable to qualify for the championship playoffs,^[2] the only exceptions being in 1983 and 1984 when they earned spots in the semi-finals but were eliminated by Denver both years.^{[8] [13] [14]}

Members of the 1982 team garnered several league awards. Jay Howell, who struck out 139 batters on the way to a 13–4 record and a 2.36 ERA,^[15] won the AA Most Valuable Pitcher Award.^[9] Skipper Jim Napier was the league's Manager of the Year.^[9] Outfielder Mel Hall was the Rookie of the Year after accruing a batting average of .329 while hitting 34 doubles and 32 home runs and driving in 125 runs.^{[9] [16]} Another Cub outfielder, Joe Carter, won the 1983 Rookie of the Year Award after stealing 40 bases and hitting .307 with 22  homers.^{[9] [17]} In 1984, Reggie Patterson fired a no-hitter against the Omaha Royals on August 21.^[10] The club was given the 1986 Larry MacPhail Award in rocognition of their marketing and promotion efforts.^[11]

Sec Taylor Stadium was demolished after the 1991 season,^[18] and a new facility of the same name, later renamed Principal Park, was constructed on the site in time for the Cubs' 1992 season.^[19]

Following a dismal 1992 campaign in which the Cubs went 51–92,^[20] they rebounded to win the 1993 Western Division title at 85–59 under manager Marv Foley.^[21] They met the Nashville Sounds in the best-of-seven championship series. Leading the series 3–1, the Cubs lost two consecutive games and were forced to a game seven.^[22] In the final game, Nashville held a 2–1 lead from the third inning to the seventh before the Cubs tied the game necessitating extra innings.^[22] An eleventh-inning walk-off home run by Iowa's Tuffy Rhodes ended the game and gave the Cubs their first league title.^{[8] [22]} Outfielder Eduardo Zambrano garnered the American Association Most Valuable Player Award after collecting 115 RBI and hitting 32 home runs with a .303 average.^{[9] [23]} Iowa did not reach the playoffs again until 1997. They captured the Western Division title with a 74–69 record before defeating the New Orleans Zephyrs in the semi-finals.^[24] They were swept by the Buffalo Bisons, 3–0, in the championship round.^[8]

Pacific Coast League (1998–2020)

The American Association, of which the Cubs had been members since their inaugural 1969 campaign, disbanded after the 1997 season. Its teams were absorbed by the two remaining Triple-A leagues—the International League and Pacific Coast League (PCL). The Cubs joined the PCL and won the American Conference Central Division title in 1998 with an 85–59 record.^[25] In the American Conference series, they were bested by the New Orleans Zephyrs, 2–1, in a rain-shortened series.^[26] Manager Terry Kennedy won the PCL Manager of the Year Award.^[27] Former Chicago Cubs manager and Iowa native Bruce Kimm managed the I-Cubs from 2001 to 2002. He led them to the 2001 division title (83–60),^[28] but they were again eliminated by New Orleans in the conference series.^[26] The Cubs won their second John H. Johnson President's Award in 2002.^[11]

Mike Quade, former manager of the Chicago Cubs, managed Iowa from 2003 to 2006. The Cubs ended the 2004 season at 79–64 giving them another division title.^[29] This time, they defeated the Oklahoma RedHawks, 3–2, to win the American Conference championship.^[26] In the best-of-five Pacific Coast League championship series, they lost to the Sacramento River Cats, 3–0.^[26] In 2007, catcher Geovany Soto, with a .353 average, 26 home runs, and 109 RBI, won the PCL Most Valuable Player Award.^{[27] [30]} Led by PCL Manager of the Year Pat Listach,^[27] the 2008 Cubs won the American Conference Northern Division (83–59),^[31] but were beaten in the conference series by Oklahoma, 3–2.^[26]

In 2010, the team was managed by Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Ryne Sandberg who was also selected as the league's Manager of the Year.^[27] First baseman Bryan LaHair won the 2010 PCL MVP Award with his .331 average, 38 homers, and 109 RBI.^{[27] [32]} On May 7, 2014, Iowa starter Chris Rusin pitched a no-hitter against the New Orleans Zephyrs.^[33] In 2015, right-hander Carlos Pimentel won the PCL Pitcher of the Year Award after achieving a 12–6 record with 118 strikeouts and a 2.95 ERA.^{[27] [34]} The Cubs returned to the postseason in 2019 having won the division with a 75–65 record,^[35] but they were eliminated by the Round Rock Express in the American Conference series.^[36] Colin Rea, who paced the league with 14 wins, was recognized as the PCL Pitcher of the Year.^{[27] [37]}

The start of the 2020 season was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, before the whole season was cancelled on June 30.^{[38] [39]}

Triple-A East / International League (2021–present)

Following the 2020 season, Major League Baseball assumed control of Minor League Baseball in a move to increase player salaries, modernize facility standards, and reduce travel. The Chicago Cubs retained Iowa as their Triple-A affiliate, but the Pacific Coast League disbanded, and the Cubs were placed in the Triple-A East.^[40] Iowa began competition in the new league on May 4 with a 3–0 loss to the Indianapolis Indians at Principal Park.^[41] On May 9, the Cubs tossed the league's first no-hitter when Shelby Miller, Tommy Nance, Brad Wieck, and Ryan Meisinger combined to no-hit Indianapolis, 2–0, in Des Moines.^[42] Pitchers Justin Steele, Scott Effross, and Dillon Maples threw the league's second no-hitter in the first game of a seven-inning doubleheader against the St. Paul Saints on July 11, a 1–0 home win.^[43] Iowa ended the season in seventh place in the Midwestern Division with a 50–70 record.^[44] No playoffs were held to determine a league champion; instead, the team with the best regular-season record was declared the winner.^[45] However, 10 games that had been postponed from the start of the season were reinserted into the schedule as a postseason tournament called the Triple-A Final Stretch in which all 30 Triple-A clubs competed for the highest winning percentage.^[45] Iowa finished the tournament in 29th place with a 1–8 record.^[46] In December 2021, owner Michael Gartner announced that the team had been sold to Endeavor.^[47] In 2022, the Triple-A East became known as the International League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization.^[48]

Season-by-season records

League

The team's final position in the league standings
Division	The team's final position in the divisional standings
GB	Games behind the team that finished in first place in the division that season
	Class champions (1970–present)
	League champions (1969–present)
§	Conference champions (1998–2020)
	Division champions (1970–present)
^	Postseason berth (1981–1997)

Season!rowspan="2" scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffff; border-top:#0E3386 5px solid; border-bottom:#D12325 5px solid; color:#0E3386"

League	Regular-season					Postseason			MLB affiliate
Record	Win %	League	Division		Record	Win %	Result
1969	AA	62–78	.443								Oakland Athletics	^[49]
1970	AA	70–68	.507							Oakland Athletics	^[50]
1971	AA	71–69	.507							Oakland Athletics	^[51]
1972	AA	62–78	.443							Oakland Athletics	^[52]
1973 *	AA	83–53	.610				3–4		Won Eastern Division title Lost AA championship vs. Tulsa Oilers, 4–3^[53]	Chicago White Sox	^[54]
1974	AA	74–62	.544							Chicago White Sox	^[55]
1975	AA	56–79	.415							Houston Astros	^[56]
1976	AA	68–68	.500							Chicago White Sox	^[57]
1977	AA	61–75	.449							Chicago White Sox	^[58]
1978	AA	66–70	.485							Chicago White Sox	^[59]
1979	AA	69–67	.507							Chicago White Sox	^[60]
1980	AA	59–77	.434							Chicago White Sox	^[61]
1981	AA	53–82	.393							Chicago Cubs	^[62]
1982	AA	73–62	.541							Chicago Cubs	^[63]
1983 ^	AA	71–65	.522				1–3		Lost semifinals vs. Denver Bears, 3–1^[64]	Chicago Cubs	^[65]
1984 ^	AA	80–74	.519				1–4		Lost semifinals vs. Denver Zephyrs, 4–1^[66]	Chicago Cubs	^[67]
1985	AA	66–75	.468							Chicago Cubs	^[68]
1986	AA	74–68	.521							Chicago Cubs	^[69]
1987	AA	64–74	.464							Chicago Cubs	^[70]
1988	AA	78–64	.549							Chicago Cubs	^[71]
1989	AA	62–82	.431							Chicago Cubs	^[72]
1990	AA	72–74	.493							Chicago Cubs	^[73]
1991	AA	78–66	.542							Chicago Cubs	^[74]
1992	AA	51–92	.357							Chicago Cubs	^[75]
1993 *	AA	85–59	.590				4–3		Won Western Division title Won AA championship vs. Nashville Sounds, 4–3^[76]	Chicago Cubs	^[77]
1994	AA	69–74	.483							Chicago Cubs	^[78]
1995	AA	69–74	.483							Chicago Cubs	^[79]
1996	AA	64–78	.451							Chicago Cubs	^[80]
1997 *	AA	74–69	.517				3–3		Won Western Division title Won semifinals vs. New Orleans Zephyrs, 3–0 Lost AA championship vs. Buffalo Bisons, 3–0^[81]	Chicago Cubs	^[82]
1998 *	PCL	85–59	.590				1–2		Won American Conference Central Division title Lost American Conference title vs. New Orleans Zephyrs, 2–1^[83]	Chicago Cubs	^[84]
1999	PCL	65–76	.461							Chicago Cubs	^[85]
2000	PCL	57–87	.396							Chicago Cubs	^[86]
2001 *	PCL	83–60	.580						Won American Conference Central Division title Lost American Conference title vs. New Orleans Zephyrs, 3–0^[87]	Chicago Cubs	^[88]
2002	PCL	71–73	.493							Chicago Cubs	^[89]
2003	PCL	70–72	.493							Chicago Cubs	^[90]
2004 * §	PCL	79–64	.552				3–5		Won American Conference Central Division title Won American Conference title vs. Oklahoma RedHawks, 3–2 Lost PCL championship vs. Sacramento River Cats, 3–0^[91]	Chicago Cubs	^[92]
2005	PCL	64–75	.460							Chicago Cubs	^[93]
2006	PCL	76–68	.528							Chicago Cubs	^[94]
2007	PCL	79–65	.549							Chicago Cubs	^[95]
2008 *	PCL	83–59	.585				2–3		Won American Conference Northern Division title Lost American Conference title vs. Oklahoma RedHawks, 3–2	Chicago Cubs	^[96]
2009	PCL	72–72	.500							Chicago Cubs	^[97]
2010	PCL	82–62	.569							Chicago Cubs	^[98]
2011	PCL	66–77	.462							Chicago Cubs	^[99]
2012	PCL	53–87	.379							Chicago Cubs	^[100]
2013	PCL	66–78	.458							Chicago Cubs	^[101]
2014	PCL	74–70	.514							Chicago Cubs	^[102]
2015	PCL	80–64	.556							Chicago Cubs	^[103]
2016	PCL	67–76	.469							Chicago Cubs	^[104]
2017	PCL	67–72	.482							Chicago Cubs	^[105]
2018	PCL	50–88	.362							Chicago Cubs	^[106]
2019 *	PCL	75–65	.536				2–3		Won American Conference Northern Division title Lost American Conference title vs. Round Rock Express, 3–2	Chicago Cubs	^[107]
2020	PCL	Season cancelled (COVID-19 pandemic)^[108]								Chicago Cubs	^[109]
2021	AAAE	50–70	.417				1–8		Lost series vs. St. Paul Saints, 4–1 Lost series vs. Omaha Storm Chasers, 4–0 Placed 29th in the Triple-A Final Stretch	Chicago Cubs
2022	IL	68–81	.456							Chicago Cubs	^[110]
2023	IL	82–65	.558							Chicago Cubs	^[111]
Totals	—	3,748–3,861		—	—	—	21–41		—	—	—

Awards

The franchise has been awarded these honors by Minor League Baseball.

Award!scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffff; border-top:#0E3386 5px solid; border-bottom:#D12325 5px solid; color:#0E3386"

Season
John H. Johnson President's Award	1978
John H. Johnson President's Award	2002
Larry MacPhail Award	1986

Nine players, five managers, and one executive have won league awards in recognition for their performance with Iowa.

Award!width="115px" scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffff; border-top:#0E3386 5px solid; border-bottom:#D12325 5px solid; color:#0E3386"

Recipient	Season
Most Valuable Player		1993
Most Valuable Pitcher		1979
Most Valuable Pitcher		1982
Rookie of the Year		1982
Rookie of the Year		1983
Manager of the Year		1973
Manager of the Year		1982

Award!width="115px" scope="col" style="background-color:#ffffff; border-top:#0E3386 5px solid; border-bottom:#D12325 5px solid; color:#0E3386"

Recipient	Season
Most Valuable Player		2007
Most Valuable Player		2011
Pitcher of the Year		2015
Pitcher of the Year		2019
Manager of the Year		1998
Manager of the Year		2008
Manager of the Year		2010
Executive of the Year		2008

External links

• Official website
• Statistics from Baseball-Reference

Notes and References

1. Web site: Iowa Cubs Front Office Staff. Iowa Cubs . Minor League Baseball . December 8, 2022.
2. Web site: Des Moines, Iowa Encyclopedia. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
3. Web site: Sec Taylor Stadium I. Stats Crew. April 17, 2021.
4. Web site: Birch. Tommy. 50 Years of Triple-A Baseball in Des Moines: The Greatest Team Iowa Cubs and Oaks history. August 8, 2020. Des Moines Register. en-US.
5. Web site: 1970 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
6. Web site: 1971 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
7. Web site: 1973 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
8. Web site: American Association Playoff Results. Triple-A Baseball. October 11, 2019.
9. Web site: American Association Special Award Winners. Triple-A Baseball. October 11, 2019.
10. Web site: Minor League No-Hitters . McGill . Chuck . Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference . October 12, 2019.
11. Web site: Minor League Baseball Award Winners . Minor League Baseball . April 17, 2021.
12. Web site: Dewey Robinson Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
13. Web site: 1983 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
14. Web site: 1984 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
15. Web site: Jay Howell Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
16. Web site: Mel Hall Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
17. Web site: Joe Carter Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
18. Web site: Sec Taylor Stadium I. Stats Crew. April 17, 2021.
19. Web site: Principal Park. Stats Crew. April 17, 2021.
20. Web site: 1992 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
21. Web site: 1993 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
22. News: Taft. Larry. Iowa Ends Sounds' Championship Charge. The Tennessean. Nashville. September 16, 1993. 1C.
23. Web site: Eddie Zambrano Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
24. Web site: 1997 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
25. Web site: 1998 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
26. Web site: Past Champions. Pacific Coast League. Minor League Baseball. October 11, 2019.
27. Web site: Pacific Coast League Award Winners. Pacific Coast League. Minor League Baseball. October 11, 2019.
28. Web site: 2001 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
29. Web site: 2004 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
30. Web site: Geovany Soto Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 12, 2019.
31. Web site: 2008 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
32. Web site: Bryan LaHair Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 12, 2019.
33. Web site: Rusin Tosses First PCL No-hitter Since '09 . Dykstra . Sam . Minor League Baseball . May 7, 2014 . August 12, 2015.
34. Web site: Carlos Pimentel Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 12, 2019.
35. Web site: 2019 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. October 11, 2019.
36. Web site: 2019 Pacific Coast League Playoffs. Pacific Coast League. Minor League Baseball. October 11, 2019.
37. Web site: Colin Rea Minor League Statistics and History. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. November 5, 2020.
38. News: A Message From Pat O'Conner. Minor League Baseball. March 13, 2020. May 5, 2020.
39. News: 2020 Minor League Baseball Season Shelved. Minor League Baseball. June 30, 2020. July 1, 2020.
40. Web site: Mayo. Jonathan. MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues. Major League Baseball. February 12, 2021. February 12, 2021.
41. Web site: Indians vs. Cubs Box Score 05/04/21. Minor League Baseball. May 4, 2021. May 5, 2021.
42. Web site: Maun. Tyler. Miller Leads I-Cubs' Combined No-hitter. Major League Baseball. May 9, 2021. May 9, 2021.
43. Web site: I-Cubs Sweep Doubleheader to Split Series Against St. Paul. Iowa Cubs. Major League Baseball. July 11, 2021. July 18, 2021.
44. Web site: 2021 Triple-A East Standings. Minor League Baseball. October 3, 2021.
45. News: MiLB Announces 'Triple-A Final Stretch' for 2021 . Minor League Baseball . July 14, 2021 . July 16, 2021.
46. Web site: 2021 Triple-A Final Stretch Standings. Minor League Baseball. October 3, 2021.
47. News: Editorial: After a rare change at the top for the Iowa Cubs, metro leaders need to look out for a local gem's future . Des Moines Register . December 19, 2021 . December 31, 2021.
48. Web site: Historical League Names to Return in 2022. Minor League Baseball. March 16, 2022. March 16, 2022.
49. Web site: 1969 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
50. Web site: 1970 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
51. Web site: 1971 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
52. Web site: 1972 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
53. Web site: 1973 American Association Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
54. Web site: 1973 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
55. Web site: 1974 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
56. Web site: 1975 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
57. Web site: 1976 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
58. Web site: 1977 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
59. Web site: 1978 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
60. Web site: 1979 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
61. Web site: 1980 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
62. Web site: 1981 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
63. Web site: 1982 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
64. Web site: 1983 American Association Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
65. Web site: 1983 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
66. Web site: 1983 American Association Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
67. Web site: 1984 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
68. Web site: 1985 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
69. Web site: 1986 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
70. Web site: 1987 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
71. Web site: 1988 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
72. Web site: 1989 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
73. Web site: 1990 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
74. Web site: 1991 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
75. Web site: 1992 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
76. Web site: 1993 American Association Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
77. Web site: 1993 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
78. Web site: 1994 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
79. Web site: 1995 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
80. Web site: 1996 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
81. Web site: 1997 American Association Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
82. Web site: 1997 American Association. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
83. Web site: 1998 Pacific Coast League Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
84. Web site: 1998 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
85. Web site: 1999 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
86. Web site: 2000 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
87. Web site: 2001 Pacific Coast League Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
88. Web site: 2001 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
89. Web site: 2002 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
90. Web site: 2003 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
91. Web site: 2004 Pacific Coast League Standings. Stats Crew. May 30, 2020.
92. Web site: 2004 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
93. Web site: 2005 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
94. Web site: 2006 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
95. Web site: 2007 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
96. Web site: 2008 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
97. Web site: 2009 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
98. Web site: 2010 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
99. Web site: 2011 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
100. Web site: 2012 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
101. Web site: 2013 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
102. Web site: 2014 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
103. Web site: 2015 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
104. Web site: 2016 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
105. Web site: 2017 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
106. Web site: 2018 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
107. Web site: 2019 Pacific Coast League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. May 30, 2020.
108. News: 2020 Minor League Baseball Season Shelved. Minor League Baseball. June 30, 2020. July 1, 2020.
109. Web site: 2020 Schedule. Nashville Sounds. Minor League Baseball. August 5, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200805143444/https://milb.bamcontent.com/documents/6/4/4/311760644/191115_2020_Full_Schedule.pdf. August 5, 2020.
110. Web site: 2022 International League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. September 28, 2022.
111. Web site: 2023 International League. Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. September 25, 2023. September 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230925124946/https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/league.cgi?id=e94f4b04. live.