Iodine pentafluoride explained
Iodine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF5. It is one of the fluorides of iodine. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.
Preparation
It was first synthesized by Henri Moissan in 1891 by burning solid iodine in fluorine gas.[1] This exothermic reaction is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved.[2]
I2 + 5 F2 → 2 IF5
Reactions
IF5 reacts vigorously with water forming hydrofluoric acid and iodic acid:
IF5 + 3 H2O → HIO3 + 5 HF Upon treatment with fluorine, it converts to iodine heptafluoride:[3]
IF5 + F2 → IF7
It has been used as a solvent for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of osmium hexafluoride to osmium pentafluoride with iodine is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride:[4]
10 OsF6 + I2 → 10 OsF5 + 2 IF5
Primary amines react with iodine pentafluoride forming nitriles after hydrolysis.[5]
Further reading
- Lord, R. C. . Lynch, M. A. . Schumb, W. C. . Slowinski, E. J. . The Vibrational Spectra and Structures of Iodine Pentafluoride and Heptafluoride . . 1950 . 72 . 1 . 522–527 . 10.1021/ja01157a135 .
- Rogers, M. T. . Speirs, J. L. . Thompson, H. B. . Panish, M. B. . Iodine Pentafluoride, Freezing and Boiling Point, Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relations . . 1954 . 76 . 19 . 4843–4844 . 10.1021/ja01648a022 .
- Dielectric Constants of Liquid Chlorine Trifluoride and Iodine Pentafluoride . Rogers, M. T. . Thompson, H. B. . Speirs, J. L. . . 1954 . 76 . 19 . 4841–4843 . 10.1021/ja01648a021 .
- The Halogen Fluorides . Booth, H. S. . Pinkston, J. T. Jr. . . 1947 . 41 . 3 . 421–439 . 10.1021/cr60130a001 . 18895518 .
- Hetherington. G.. Robinson. P.L.. The Viscosities of Iodine Pentafluoride and Ditellurium Decafluoride. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1956. 3681. 0368-1769. 10.1039/jr9560003674.
External links
Notes and References
- Nouvelles Recherches sur le Fluor . Moissan, M. H. . . 1891 . 6 . 24 . 224–282 .
- Fluorierung von Verbindungen des Kohlenstoffs (Benzol und Tetrachlormethan mit Jod-5-fluorid, sowie Tetrachlormethan mit Fluor) [Fluoridation of Carbon Compounds (Benzene and Tetrachlormethane with Iodine-5-Fluoride, and Tetrachloromethane with Fluorine)] . Ruff, O. . Keim, R. . Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie . German . 1931 . 201 . 1 . 245–258 . 10.1002/zaac.19312010122 .
- Das Jod-7-fluorid [The iodine-7-fluoride] . Otto Ruff . Ruff, O. . Keim, R. . Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie . German . 1930 . 193 . 1 . 176–186 . 10.1002/zaac.19301930117 .
- Holloway, John H.. Mitchell, S. J. . Preparation and Crystal Structure of Osmium Pentafluoride. Journal of the Chemical Society . 1971. 2789–94. 10.1039/J19710002789.
- Stevens, T. E. . Rearrangement of Amides with Iodine Pentafluoride . . 1966 . 31 . 6 . 2025–2026. 10.1021/jo01344a539 .
